Question 1

(Figure 19.14) If you excluded deer from the forest represented by the graph, what changes in importance would you likely see?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sugar maple's importance will increase both in the understorey and in the canopy. 
B)  American beech's importance will increase in the understorey. 
C)  Tulip poplar's importance will increase in the canopy. 
D)  Tulip poplar's importance will increase in the understorey. 
A)  Sugar maple's importance will increase both in the understorey and in the canopy. 
B)  American beech's importance will increase in the understorey. 
C)  Tulip poplar's importance will increase in the canopy. 
D)  Tulip poplar's importance will increase in the understorey.

Question 2

What information about species is needed to calculate Jaccard's index?

Accepted Answer

A)  diversity 
B)  growth rate 
C)  those present 
D)  mortality 
A)  diversity 
B)  growth rate 
C)  those present 
D)  mortality

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a trait of a pioneer species?

Accepted Answer

A)  many seeds 
B)  shade tolerant 
C)  small seeds 
D)  fast growing 
A)  many seeds 
B)  shade tolerant 
C)  small seeds 
D)  fast growing

Question 4

Jaccard's index quantifies

Accepted Answer

A)  similarity between communities. 
B)  differences between communities. 
C)  community diversity. 
D)  community species richness. 
A)  similarity between communities. 
B)  differences between communities. 
C)  community diversity. 
D)  community species richness.

Question 5

One of the traits common in late-succession plant species is

Accepted Answer

A)  small seed size. 
B)  low root-to-shoot ratio. 
C)  fast growth rate. 
D)  few seeds. 
A)  small seed size. 
B)  low root-to-shoot ratio. 
C)  fast growth rate. 
D)  few seeds.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of a transient climax community?

Accepted Answer

A)  vernal pool 
B)  wetland 
C)  bog 
D)  intertidal zone 
A)  vernal pool 
B)  wetland 
C)  bog 
D)  intertidal zone

Question 7

When succession was studied at the Duke Forest in the Piedmont region of North Carolina, how many years did it take for the forest to revert to deciduous climax forest from agricultural field?

Accepted Answer

A)  300 years 
B)  200 years 
C)  150 years 
D)  50 years 
A)  300 years 
B)  200 years 
C)  150 years 
D)  50 years

Question 8

If you were assigned the task of starting a plant community that could thrive on Mars, where there is no soil on the surface, which might be good to bring for the initial colonization?

Accepted Answer

A)  alders 
B)  pines 
C)  lichens 
D)  low-growing bushes 
E)  cacti 
A)  alders 
B)  pines 
C)  lichens 
D)  low-growing bushes 
E)  cacti

Question 9

How does detritus-dead organic matter-play a role in terrestrial succession?

Accepted Answer

Answers:
In the formation of some plant

Question 10

How could a priority effect be important in the mechanism of facilitation?

Accepted Answer

[Can be many answers, as long as one spe

Question 11

The receding glacier at Glacier Bay in the U.S. state of Alaska has been used to study

Accepted Answer

A)  competition. 
B)  predation. 
C)  succession. 
D)  nutrient cycling. 
A)  competition. 
B)  predation. 
C)  succession. 
D)  nutrient cycling.

Question 12

How do herbivores affect the outcome of succession in intertidal zones?

Accepted Answer

A)  They alter the abiotic environment with their waste products. 
B)  They forage on particular types of algae, allowing others to dominate. 
C)  They trample algae, allowing sea anemones to colonize. 
D)  They have little effect on the outcome of succession. 
A)  They alter the abiotic environment with their waste products. 
B)  They forage on particular types of algae, allowing others to dominate. 
C)  They trample algae, allowing sea anemones to colonize. 
D)  They have little effect on the outcome of succession.

Question 13

Succession is best studied using

Accepted Answer

A)  indirect observations. 
B)  chronosequences. 
C)  pollen. 
D)  direct observations. 
A)  indirect observations. 
B)  chronosequences. 
C)  pollen. 
D)  direct observations.

Question 14

Typical colonizers in primary succession are mosses and lichens that inhabit bare rock. What colonizers in primary succession do not inhabit bare rock?

Accepted Answer

Drought-tolerant gra

Question 15

Over the course of terrestrial succession, what is the general pattern of species richness?

Accepted Answer

A)  a constant increase over time 
B)  an increase followed by an abrupt decline 
C)  no change over time 
D)  an increase that plateaus, followed by a slight decline 
E)  a decline followed by an abrupt increase 
A)  a constant increase over time 
B)  an increase followed by an abrupt decline 
C)  no change over time 
D)  an increase that plateaus, followed by a slight decline 
E)  a decline followed by an abrupt increase

Question 16

Describe the process that forms bogs in lakes.

Accepted Answer

Plants colonize the lake edge and begin

Question 17

_____ is a mechanism of succession in which the probability that a species can establish itself depends on its dispersal ability and its ability to persist under the physical conditions of the environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  Facilitation 
B)  Inhibition 
C)  Tolerance 
D)  Resilience 
A)  Facilitation 
B)  Inhibition 
C)  Tolerance 
D)  Resilience

Question 18

Early-succession species are likely to have

Accepted Answer

A)  wind-dispersed seeds. 
B)  high shade tolerance. 
C)  short seed viability. 
D)  large size at maturity. 
A)  wind-dispersed seeds. 
B)  high shade tolerance. 
C)  short seed viability. 
D)  large size at maturity.

Question 19

When considering the effect of one species on the probability of a second species becoming established, facilitation is_____, inhibition is _____, and tolerance is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  neutral; positive; negative 
B)  positive; neutral; negative 
C)  positive; negative; neutral 
D)  negative; positive; neutral 
A)  neutral; positive; negative 
B)  positive; neutral; negative 
C)  positive; negative; neutral 
D)  negative; positive; neutral

Question 20

Which of the following is TRUE about succession?

Accepted Answer

A)  Species richness initially increases with time in aquatic succession. 
B)  Species richness initially increases with time in terrestrial succession. 
C)  Both a and b are true. 
D)  Neither a nor b is true. 
A)  Species richness initially increases with time in aquatic succession. 
B)  Species richness initially increases with time in terrestrial succession. 
C)  Both a and b are true. 
D)  Neither a nor b is true.

Exam 19: Community Succession

(Figure 19.14) If you excluded deer from the forest represented by the graph, what changes in importance would you likely see?

What information about species is needed to calculate Jaccard's index?

Which of the following is NOT a trait of a pioneer species?

Jaccard's index quantifies

One of the traits common in late-succession plant species is

Which of the following is an example of a transient climax community?

When succession was studied at the Duke Forest in the Piedmont region of North Carolina, how many years did it take for the forest to revert to deciduous climax forest from agricultural field?

If you were assigned the task of starting a plant community that could thrive on Mars, where there is no soil on the surface, which might be good to bring for the initial colonization?

How does detritus-dead organic matter-play a role in terrestrial succession?

How could a priority effect be important in the mechanism of facilitation?

The receding glacier at Glacier Bay in the U.S. state of Alaska has been used to study

How do herbivores affect the outcome of succession in intertidal zones?

Succession is best studied using

Typical colonizers in primary succession are mosses and lichens that inhabit bare rock. What colonizers in primary succession do not inhabit bare rock?

Over the course of terrestrial succession, what is the general pattern of species richness?

Describe the process that forms bogs in lakes.

_____ is a mechanism of succession in which the probability that a species can establish itself depends on its dispersal ability and its ability to persist under the physical conditions of the environment.

Early-succession species are likely to have

When considering the effect of one species on the probability of a second species becoming established, facilitation is_____, inhibition is _____, and tolerance is _____.

Which of the following is TRUE about succession?

Introduction: Ecology, Evolution, and the Scientific Method

Adaptations to Aquatic Environments

Adaptations to Terrestrial Environments

Adaptations to Variable Environments

Climates and Soils

Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomes

Evolution and Adaptation

Life Histories

Reproductive Strategies

Social Behaviours

Population Distributions

Population Growth and Regulation

Population Dynamics Over Space and Time

Predation and Herbivory

Parasitism and Infectious Diseases

Competition

Community Structure

Movement of Energy in Ecosystems

Movement of Elements in Ecosystems

Landscape Ecology, Biogeography, and Global Biodiversity

Global Conservation of Biodiversity

Filters

When considering the effect of one species on the probability of a second species becoming established, facilitation is___, inhibition is _, and tolerance is ___.