Question 1

From an evolutionary perspective,we can see that pleasure ________ the likelihood of survival and reproduction because it ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases; promotes adaptive behaviors 
B)  decreases; interferes with adaptive learning 
C)  decreases; promotes negative behaviors 
D)  increases; interferes with responses to pain 
A)  increases; promotes adaptive behaviors 
B)  decreases; interferes with adaptive learning 
C)  decreases; promotes negative behaviors 
D)  increases; interferes with responses to pain

Question 2

Danny,who has a damaged amygdala,accidentally spilled kerosene on a campfire and got badly burned.Later,Danny's reaction to fire is that he

Accepted Answer

A)  knows it is dangerous and has a strong conditioned fear response to it. 
B)  does not think it is dangerous and has no conditioned fear of it. 
C)  does not think it is dangerous but becomes terrified around it. 
D)  knows it is dangerous but has no conditioned fear of it. 
A)  knows it is dangerous and has a strong conditioned fear response to it. 
B)  does not think it is dangerous and has no conditioned fear of it. 
C)  does not think it is dangerous but becomes terrified around it. 
D)  knows it is dangerous but has no conditioned fear of it.

Question 3

Daria is writing a lecture and wants to explain the difference between being motivated by states of biological deficiency versus being motivated by incentives.Which of the following should she include as an example of an incentive that can motivate behavior even though it is NOT related to a "need"?

Accepted Answer

A)  water 
B)  sleep 
C)  achievement 
D)  money 
A)  water 
B)  sleep 
C)  achievement 
D)  money

Question 4

Jerome's boat sank in cold water and his body temperature is dangerously low,so he starts swimming to raise his body temperature.According to motivational theory,Jerome's low temperature created a deficient state called a(n)________,which in turn created a motivating state called a(n)________ to increase his temperature.

Accepted Answer

A)  habit; incentive 
B)  incentive; habit 
C)  need; drive 
D)  drive; need 
A)  habit; incentive 
B)  incentive; habit 
C)  need; drive 
D)  drive; need

Question 5

Parvati is a competitive gymnast at the Olympic trials.She is highly motivated to perform her absolute best.Given your knowledge of the effects of arousal on performance,the best advice you can give Parvati is that she should calm down because

Accepted Answer

A)  very high arousal can hurt her performance. 
B)  very low arousal can help her performance. 
C)  extrinsic motivation will reduce her ability to focus. 
D)  self-efficacy will increase her ability to focus. 
A)  very high arousal can hurt her performance. 
B)  very low arousal can help her performance. 
C)  extrinsic motivation will reduce her ability to focus. 
D)  self-efficacy will increase her ability to focus.

Question 6

Current research about the role of the amygdala in emotion suggests that the path from the thalamus to the cortex to the amygdala

Accepted Answer

A)  initiates memory retrieval. 
B)  confirms whether a threat is present. 
C)  selects a response. 
D)  determines the appropriate response. 
A)  initiates memory retrieval. 
B)  confirms whether a threat is present. 
C)  selects a response. 
D)  determines the appropriate response.

Question 7

Sydney,who is currently in a good mood,has been asked about her life satisfaction.According to the affect-as-information theory,Sydney will most likely respond that she

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot answer without thinking for a while about all aspects of her life. 
B)  is generally unhappy with her life. 
C)  is generally happy with her life. 
D)  does not feel happy or unhappy. 
A)  cannot answer without thinking for a while about all aspects of her life. 
B)  is generally unhappy with her life. 
C)  is generally happy with her life. 
D)  does not feel happy or unhappy.

Question 8

Roland tells himself that he must love soccer because he works so hard at it.Then,Roland's coach tells him he can get a full soccer scholarship to college.Now Roland tells himself that he is working so hard because he needs to earn a scholarship.Roland now enjoys soccer less.Self-perception theory would explain Roland's behavior by saying that

Accepted Answer

A)  he no longer feels that he is choosing to practice and play. 
B)  he is afraid that he will start losing games. 
C)  winning the scholarship has become the reason for playing soccer. 
D)  playing has become too much hard work. 
A)  he no longer feels that he is choosing to practice and play. 
B)  he is afraid that he will start losing games. 
C)  winning the scholarship has become the reason for playing soccer. 
D)  playing has become too much hard work.

Question 9

Gertrude is close to finishing her degree in biology and has been offered several good jobs in her field.However,Gertrude decides that she really wants to become a carpenter.She quits school and becomes a very happy and successful carpenter.According to Maslow,Gertrude

Accepted Answer

A)  does not have a need for achievement. 
B)  is self-actualized. 
C)  has high self-esteem. 
D)  is behaving according to her set point. 
A)  does not have a need for achievement. 
B)  is self-actualized. 
C)  has high self-esteem. 
D)  is behaving according to her set point.

Question 10

Sally is having a hard time losing weight and keeping it off because the more weight she loses,the hungrier she feels.This condition is most likely due to the effects of ________,which triggers feelings of hunger.

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin 
B)  leptin 
C)  glucose 
D)  ghrelin 
A)  insulin 
B)  leptin 
C)  glucose 
D)  ghrelin

Question 11

Marty just lost 15 pounds.Even though she has better eating habits,she has a strong urge to eat more frequently than she did before she lost the weight.The most likely reason for Marty's problem is

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in ghrelin. 
B)  a decrease in glucose. 
C)  a decrease in leptin. 
D)  equal levels of leptin and ghrelin. 
A)  an increase in ghrelin. 
B)  a decrease in glucose. 
C)  a decrease in leptin. 
D)  equal levels of leptin and ghrelin.

Question 12

Cyril is writing an essay on Maslow's hierarchy of needs.Which of the following should he include as a critique of the theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-actualization may not be necessary for happiness. 
B)  It is limited to Western cultures. 
C)  It defines the nature of a need too broadly. 
D)  It underestimates the role of physiological factors. 
A)  Self-actualization may not be necessary for happiness. 
B)  It is limited to Western cultures. 
C)  It defines the nature of a need too broadly. 
D)  It underestimates the role of physiological factors.

Question 13

Jason and Cora are riding on a roller coaster,which is producing high levels of arousal.They attribute their aroused state to romantic feelings for each other and feel they are falling in love.The effect the roller coaster has on Jason and Cora is associated with the ________ of emotion.

Accepted Answer

A)  physiological processes 
B)  subjective evaluations 
C)  cognitive beliefs 
D)  primary evolutionary adaptations 
A)  physiological processes 
B)  subjective evaluations 
C)  cognitive beliefs 
D)  primary evolutionary adaptations

Question 14

John is hanging out with a group of friends.According to the need to belong,which friend will pay the most attention to social information?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nate, who is outgoing and has many friends 
B)  Suzanne, who is shy but has a close group of friends 
C)  Akon, who belongs to many social groups 
D)  Jacob, who is shy and does not know very many people 
A)  Nate, who is outgoing and has many friends 
B)  Suzanne, who is shy but has a close group of friends 
C)  Akon, who belongs to many social groups 
D)  Jacob, who is shy and does not know very many people

Question 15

Blythe had a large breakfast in the late morning.Even though she was planning to skip lunch,she starts to feel hungry at noon and decides to eat.The fact that Blythe wants to eat at her normal lunchtime even though she ate a late breakfast can be best explained by

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  homeostatic adjustment. 
C)  poor self-regulation. 
D)  low self-efficacy. 
A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  homeostatic adjustment. 
C)  poor self-regulation. 
D)  low self-efficacy.

Question 16

Jalila reads the paper every day because she is intrinsically motivated.Jalila most likely reads the paper because

Accepted Answer

A)  she uses it to find grocery coupons to save herself money. 
B)  she feels a need to keep current with world events. 
C)  it keeps her mind occupied during her boring staff meetings. 
D)  it prevents the person next to her on the train from talking to her. 
A)  she uses it to find grocery coupons to save herself money. 
B)  she feels a need to keep current with world events. 
C)  it keeps her mind occupied during her boring staff meetings. 
D)  it prevents the person next to her on the train from talking to her.

Question 17

Felix's best friend was in a car accident on the way home from a party and is in a coma.Felix is very distraught because his friend wanted Felix to drive him home and Felix refused.
A) Explain why we use strategies to regulate our emotions.
B) Explain how Felix might regulate his emotional state by using three strategies discussed in the textbook.
C) Explain two emotion regulation strategies listed in the textbook that are likely to make Felix feel less distraught.

Accepted Answer

A) Emotions can be disruptive,troublesom

Question 18

While it appears to be negative,guilt can actually serve to protect and strengthen our interpersonal relationships.All of the following are examples of this protective concept EXCEPT when guilt

Accepted Answer

A)  discourages people from doing things that harm their relationships. 
B)  is used to deceive others. 
C)  demonstrates that people care about their partners. 
D)  encourages people to be honest in their relationships. 
A)  discourages people from doing things that harm their relationships. 
B)  is used to deceive others. 
C)  demonstrates that people care about their partners. 
D)  encourages people to be honest in their relationships.

Question 19

Janet and Joan are on a hot air balloon ride.They experience identical patterns of physiological arousal: increased heart rate,sweaty palms,pupil dilation,and increased breathing.After each woman assesses the environment,Janet feels happy while Joan is very scared.Which theory of emotion can best explain this difference?

Accepted Answer

A)  Schacter-Singer two-factor 
B)  misattribution 
C)  Cannon-Bard 
D)  James-Lange 
A)  Schacter-Singer two-factor 
B)  misattribution 
C)  Cannon-Bard 
D)  James-Lange

Question 20

When Ellen learns that her roommate will be an international student from Britain,she is worried that her roommate will be stiff and reserved.Ellen is surprised when Diana turns out to be upbeat and friendly.Diana's behavior goes against Ellen's beliefs about how people from Britain express emotions and have violated her

Accepted Answer

A)  ability to read facial expressions. 
B)  cultural display rules. 
C)  affect-as-information theory. 
D)  emotional judgment. 
A)  ability to read facial expressions. 
B)  cultural display rules. 
C)  affect-as-information theory. 
D)  emotional judgment.

From an evolutionary perspective,we can see that pleasure the likelihood of survival and reproduction because it .

Danny,who has a damaged amygdala,accidentally spilled kerosene on a campfire and got badly burned.Later,Danny's reaction to fire is that he

Daria is writing a lecture and wants to explain the difference between being motivated by states of biological deficiency versus being motivated by incentives.Which of the following should she include as an example of an incentive that can motivate behavior even though it is NOT related to a "need"?

Parvati is a competitive gymnast at the Olympic trials.She is highly motivated to perform her absolute best.Given your knowledge of the effects of arousal on performance,the best advice you can give Parvati is that she should calm down because

Current research about the role of the amygdala in emotion suggests that the path from the thalamus to the cortex to the amygdala

Sydney,who is currently in a good mood,has been asked about her life satisfaction.According to the affect-as-information theory,Sydney will most likely respond that she

Gertrude is close to finishing her degree in biology and has been offered several good jobs in her field.However,Gertrude decides that she really wants to become a carpenter.She quits school and becomes a very happy and successful carpenter.According to Maslow,Gertrude

Sally is having a hard time losing weight and keeping it off because the more weight she loses,the hungrier she feels.This condition is most likely due to the effects of ________,which triggers feelings of hunger.

Marty just lost 15 pounds.Even though she has better eating habits,she has a strong urge to eat more frequently than she did before she lost the weight.The most likely reason for Marty's problem is

Cyril is writing an essay on Maslow's hierarchy of needs.Which of the following should he include as a critique of the theory?

Jason and Cora are riding on a roller coaster,which is producing high levels of arousal.They attribute their aroused state to romantic feelings for each other and feel they are falling in love.The effect the roller coaster has on Jason and Cora is associated with the ________ of emotion.

John is hanging out with a group of friends.According to the need to belong,which friend will pay the most attention to social information?

Blythe had a large breakfast in the late morning.Even though she was planning to skip lunch,she starts to feel hungry at noon and decides to eat.The fact that Blythe wants to eat at her normal lunchtime even though she ate a late breakfast can be best explained by

Jalila reads the paper every day because she is intrinsically motivated.Jalila most likely reads the paper because

While it appears to be negative,guilt can actually serve to protect and strengthen our interpersonal relationships.All of the following are examples of this protective concept EXCEPT when guilt

Introducing the World of Psychology

The Role of Biology in Psychology

Consciousness

Development Across the Life Span

Sensation and Perception

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Exam 9: Motivation and Emotion

From an evolutionary perspective,we can see that pleasure ________ the likelihood of survival and reproduction because it ________.

Danny,who has a damaged amygdala,accidentally spilled kerosene on a campfire and got badly burned.Later,Danny's reaction to fire is that he

Parvati is a competitive gymnast at the Olympic trials.She is highly motivated to perform her absolute best.Given your knowledge of the effects of arousal on performance,the best advice you can give Parvati is that she should calm down because

Current research about the role of the amygdala in emotion suggests that the path from the thalamus to the cortex to the amygdala

Sydney,who is currently in a good mood,has been asked about her life satisfaction.According to the affect-as-information theory,Sydney will most likely respond that she

Gertrude is close to finishing her degree in biology and has been offered several good jobs in her field.However,Gertrude decides that she really wants to become a carpenter.She quits school and becomes a very happy and successful carpenter.According to Maslow,Gertrude

Sally is having a hard time losing weight and keeping it off because the more weight she loses,the hungrier she feels.This condition is most likely due to the effects of ________,which triggers feelings of hunger.

Marty just lost 15 pounds.Even though she has better eating habits,she has a strong urge to eat more frequently than she did before she lost the weight.The most likely reason for Marty's problem is

Cyril is writing an essay on Maslow's hierarchy of needs.Which of the following should he include as a critique of the theory?

Jason and Cora are riding on a roller coaster,which is producing high levels of arousal.They attribute their aroused state to romantic feelings for each other and feel they are falling in love.The effect the roller coaster has on Jason and Cora is associated with the ________ of emotion.

John is hanging out with a group of friends.According to the need to belong,which friend will pay the most attention to social information?

Blythe had a large breakfast in the late morning.Even though she was planning to skip lunch,she starts to feel hungry at noon and decides to eat.The fact that Blythe wants to eat at her normal lunchtime even though she ate a late breakfast can be best explained by

Jalila reads the paper every day because she is intrinsically motivated.Jalila most likely reads the paper because

While it appears to be negative,guilt can actually serve to protect and strengthen our interpersonal relationships.All of the following are examples of this protective concept EXCEPT when guilt

Introducing the World of Psychology

The Role of Biology in Psychology

Consciousness

Development Across the Life Span

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Thinking and Intelligence

Sex,Gender,and Sexuality

Health and Well-Being

Social Psychology

Self and Personality

Psychological Disorders

Psychological Treatments

Filters

From an evolutionary perspective,we can see that pleasure the likelihood of survival and reproduction because it .