Question 1

Which of the following is a protein produced by a regulatory gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  operon 
B)  inducer 
C)  promoter 
D)  repressor 
E)  corepressor 
A)  operon 
B)  inducer 
C)  promoter 
D)  repressor 
E)  corepressor

Question 2

In eukaryotes, general transcription factors

Accepted Answer

A)  are required for the expression of specific protein-encoding genes. 
B)  bind to other proteins or to a sequence element within the promoter called the TATA box. 
C)  inhibit RNA polymerase binding to the promoter and begin transcribing. 
D)  usually lead to a high level of transcription even without additional specific transcription factors. 
E)  bind to sequences just after the start site of transcription. 
A)  are required for the expression of specific protein-encoding genes. 
B)  bind to other proteins or to a sequence element within the promoter called the TATA box. 
C)  inhibit RNA polymerase binding to the promoter and begin transcribing. 
D)  usually lead to a high level of transcription even without additional specific transcription factors. 
E)  bind to sequences just after the start site of transcription.

Question 3

Transcription of the structural genes in an inducible operon

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs continuously in the cell. 
B)  starts when the pathway's substrate is present. 
C)  starts when the pathway's product is present. 
D)  stops when the pathway's product is present. 
E)  does not result in the production of enzymes. 
A)  occurs continuously in the cell. 
B)  starts when the pathway's substrate is present. 
C)  starts when the pathway's product is present. 
D)  stops when the pathway's product is present. 
E)  does not result in the production of enzymes.

Question 4

Which of the following, when taken up by the cell, binds to the repressor so that the repressor no longer binds to the operator?

Accepted Answer

A)  ubiquitin 
B)  inducer 
C)  promoter 
D)  repressor 
E)  corepressor 
A)  ubiquitin 
B)  inducer 
C)  promoter 
D)  repressor 
E)  corepressor

Question 5

DNA microarrays have had a huge impact on genomic studies because they

Accepted Answer

A)  can identify the function of any gene in a genome. 
B)  can be used to introduce entire genomes into bacterial cells. 
C)  allow the expression of many or even all of the genes in a genome to be compared at once. 
D)  allow physical maps of the genome to be assembled in a very short time. 
E)  dramatically enhance the efficiency of restriction enzymes (endonucleases). 
A)  can identify the function of any gene in a genome. 
B)  can be used to introduce entire genomes into bacterial cells. 
C)  allow the expression of many or even all of the genes in a genome to be compared at once. 
D)  allow physical maps of the genome to be assembled in a very short time. 
E)  dramatically enhance the efficiency of restriction enzymes (endonucleases).

Question 6

If you were to observe the activity of methylated DNA, you would expect it to

Accepted Answer

A)  be replicating nearly continuously. 
B)  be unwinding in preparation for protein synthesis. 
C)  have turned off or slowed down the process of transcription. 
D)  be very actively transcribed and translated. 
E)  induce protein synthesis by not allowing repressors to bind to it. 
A)  be replicating nearly continuously. 
B)  be unwinding in preparation for protein synthesis. 
C)  have turned off or slowed down the process of transcription. 
D)  be very actively transcribed and translated. 
E)  induce protein synthesis by not allowing repressors to bind to it.

Question 7

Suppose an experimenter becomes proficient with a technique that allows her to move DNA sequences within a prokaryotic genome.
-If she moves the repressor gene (lac I), along with its promoter, to a position some several thousand base pairs away from its normal position, which will you expect to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  The repressor will no longer be made. 
B)  The repressor will no longer bind to the operator. 
C)  The repressor will no longer bind to the inducer. 
D)  The lac operon will be expressed continuously. 
E)  The lac operon will function normally. 
A)  The repressor will no longer be made. 
B)  The repressor will no longer bind to the operator. 
C)  The repressor will no longer bind to the inducer. 
D)  The lac operon will be expressed continuously. 
E)  The lac operon will function normally.

Question 8

The lactose operon is likely to be transcribed when

Accepted Answer

A)  there is more glucose in the cell than lactose. 
B)  the cyclic AMP levels are low. 
C)  there is glucose but no lactose in the cell. 
D)  the cyclic AMP and lactose levels are both high within the cell. 
E)  the cAMP level is high and the lactose level is low. 
A)  there is more glucose in the cell than lactose. 
B)  the cyclic AMP levels are low. 
C)  there is glucose but no lactose in the cell. 
D)  the cyclic AMP and lactose levels are both high within the cell. 
E)  the cAMP level is high and the lactose level is low.

Question 9

A geneticist introduces a transgene into yeast cells and isolates five independent cell lines in which the transgene has integrated into the yeast genome. In four of the lines, the transgene is expressed strongly, but in the fifth there is no expression at all.
-Of the lines that express the transgene, one is transcribed but not translated. Which of the following is a likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

A)  no promoter 
B)  no AUG in any frame 
C)  no compatible ribosome 
D)  high histone acetylation 
E)  missing transcription factor 
A)  no promoter 
B)  no AUG in any frame 
C)  no compatible ribosome 
D)  high histone acetylation 
E)  missing transcription factor

Question 10

A researcher found a method she could use to manipulate and quantify phosphorylation and methylation in embryonic cells in culture.
-In one set of experiments she succeeded in decreasing methylation of histone tails. Which of the following results would she most likely see?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased chromatin condensation 
B)  decreased chromatin condensation 
C)  activation of histone tails for enzymatic function 
D)  decreased binding of transcription factors 
E)  inactivation of the selected genes 
A)  increased chromatin condensation 
B)  decreased chromatin condensation 
C)  activation of histone tails for enzymatic function 
D)  decreased binding of transcription factors 
E)  inactivation of the selected genes

Question 11

During DNA replication,

Accepted Answer

A)  all methylation of the DNA is lost at the first round of replication. 
B)  DNA polymerase is blocked by methyl groups, and methylated regions of the genome are therefore left uncopied. 
C)  methylation of the DNA is maintained because methylation enzymes act at DNA sites where one strand is already methylated and thus correctly methylates daughter strands after replication. 
D)  methylation of the DNA is maintained because DNA polymerase directly incorporates methylated nucleotides into the new strand opposite any methylated nucleotides in the template. 
E)  methylated DNA is copied in the cytoplasm, and unmethylated DNA is copied in the nucleus. 
A)  all methylation of the DNA is lost at the first round of replication. 
B)  DNA polymerase is blocked by methyl groups, and methylated regions of the genome are therefore left uncopied. 
C)  methylation of the DNA is maintained because methylation enzymes act at DNA sites where one strand is already methylated and thus correctly methylates daughter strands after replication. 
D)  methylation of the DNA is maintained because DNA polymerase directly incorporates methylated nucleotides into the new strand opposite any methylated nucleotides in the template. 
E)  methylated DNA is copied in the cytoplasm, and unmethylated DNA is copied in the nucleus.

Question 12

A lack of which molecule would result in the cell's inability to "turn off" genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  operon 
B)  inducer 
C)  promoter 
D)  ubiquitin 
E)  corepressor 
A)  operon 
B)  inducer 
C)  promoter 
D)  ubiquitin 
E)  corepressor

Question 13

Suppose an experimenter becomes proficient with a technique that allows her to move DNA sequences within a prokaryotic genome.
-If she moves the promoter for the lac operon to the region between the beta galactosidase (lacZ) gene and the permease (lacY) gene, which of the following would be likely?

Accepted Answer

A)  The three structural genes will be expressed normally. 
B)  RNA polymerase will no longer transcribe permease. 
C)  The operon will no longer be inducible. 
D)  Beta galactosidase will not be produced. 
E)  The cell will continue to metabolize but more slowly. 
A)  The three structural genes will be expressed normally. 
B)  RNA polymerase will no longer transcribe permease. 
C)  The operon will no longer be inducible. 
D)  Beta galactosidase will not be produced. 
E)  The cell will continue to metabolize but more slowly.

Exam 15: Regulation of Gene Expression

Which of the following is a protein produced by a regulatory gene?

In eukaryotes, general transcription factors

Transcription of the structural genes in an inducible operon

Which of the following, when taken up by the cell, binds to the repressor so that the repressor no longer binds to the operator?

DNA microarrays have had a huge impact on genomic studies because they

If you were to observe the activity of methylated DNA, you would expect it to

The lactose operon is likely to be transcribed when

A researcher found a method she could use to manipulate and quantify phosphorylation and methylation in embryonic cells in culture. -In one set of experiments she succeeded in decreasing methylation of histone tails. Which of the following results would she most likely see?

During DNA replication,

A lack of which molecule would result in the cell's inability to "turn off" genes?

Suppose an experimenter becomes proficient with a technique that allows her to move DNA sequences within a prokaryotic genome. -If she moves the promoter for the lac operon to the region between the beta galactosidase (lacZ) gene and the permease (lacY) gene, which of the following would be likely?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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