Question 1

In a tide pool, 15 species of invertebrates were reduced to 8 after one species was removed. The species removed was likely a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  pathogen. 
B)  keystone species. 
C)  herbivore. 
D)  resource partitioner. 
E)  mutualistic organism. 
A)  pathogen. 
B)  keystone species. 
C)  herbivore. 
D)  resource partitioner. 
E)  mutualistic organism.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes resource partitioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  competitive exclusion that results in the success of the superior species 
B)  slight variations in a species' niche that allow similar species to coexist 
C)  two species that can coevolve to share identical niches 
D)  differential resource utilization that results in a decrease in community species diversity 
E)  a climax community that is reached when no new niches are available 
A)  competitive exclusion that results in the success of the superior species 
B)  slight variations in a species' niche that allow similar species to coexist 
C)  two species that can coevolve to share identical niches 
D)  differential resource utilization that results in a decrease in community species diversity 
E)  a climax community that is reached when no new niches are available

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of Müllerian mimicry?

Accepted Answer

A)  two species of unpalatable butterfly that have the same color pattern 
B)  a day-flying hawkmoth that looks like a wasp 
C)  a chameleon that changes its color to look like a dead leaf 
D)  two species of rattlesnakes that both rattle their tails 
E)  two species of moths with wing spots that look like an owl's eyes 
A)  two species of unpalatable butterfly that have the same color pattern 
B)  a day-flying hawkmoth that looks like a wasp 
C)  a chameleon that changes its color to look like a dead leaf 
D)  two species of rattlesnakes that both rattle their tails 
E)  two species of moths with wing spots that look like an owl's eyes

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of aposematic coloration?

Accepted Answer

A)  the brightly colored patterns of poison dart frogs 
B)  eye color in humans 
C)  green color of a plant 
D)  colors of an insect-pollinated flower 
E)  a katydid whose wings look like a dead leaf 
A)  the brightly colored patterns of poison dart frogs 
B)  eye color in humans 
C)  green color of a plant 
D)  colors of an insect-pollinated flower 
E)  a katydid whose wings look like a dead leaf

Question 5

What interactions exist between mycorrhizae and evergreen tree roots?

Accepted Answer

A)  +/+ 
B)  +/o 
C)  +/- 
D)  o/o 
E)  -/- 
A)  +/+ 
B)  +/o 
C)  +/- 
D)  o/o 
E)  -/-

Question 6

Which of the following is a likely explanation for why invasive species take over communities into which they have been introduced?

Accepted Answer

A)  Invasive species are less efficient than native species in competing for the limited resources of the environment. 
B)  Invasive species are not held in check by the predators and agents of disease that have always been in place for native species. 
C)  Humans carefully select which species will outcompete nuisance native species. 
D)  Invasive species have a higher reproductive potential than native species. 
E)  Invasive species come from geographically isolated regions, so when they are introduced to regions where there is more competition, they thrive. 
A)  Invasive species are less efficient than native species in competing for the limited resources of the environment. 
B)  Invasive species are not held in check by the predators and agents of disease that have always been in place for native species. 
C)  Humans carefully select which species will outcompete nuisance native species. 
D)  Invasive species have a higher reproductive potential than native species. 
E)  Invasive species come from geographically isolated regions, so when they are introduced to regions where there is more competition, they thrive.

Question 7

Zoonotic disease

Accepted Answer

A)  is caused by suborganismal pathogens such as viruses, viroids, and prions only. 
B)  is caused by pathogens that are transferred from other animals to humans by direct contact or by means of a vector. 
C)  can only be spread from animals to humans through direct contact. 
D)  can only be transferred from animals to humans by means of an intermediate host. 
E)  is too specific to study at the community level, and studies of zoonotic pathogens are relegated to organismal biology. 
A)  is caused by suborganismal pathogens such as viruses, viroids, and prions only. 
B)  is caused by pathogens that are transferred from other animals to humans by direct contact or by means of a vector. 
C)  can only be spread from animals to humans through direct contact. 
D)  can only be transferred from animals to humans by means of an intermediate host. 
E)  is too specific to study at the community level, and studies of zoonotic pathogens are relegated to organismal biology.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of Batesian mimicry?

Accepted Answer

A)  an insect that resembles a twig 
B)  a butterfly that resembles a leaf 
C)  a nonvenomous snake that looks like a venomous snake 
D)  a fawn with fur coloring that camouflages it in the forest environment 
E)  a snapping turtle that uses its tongue to mimic a worm, thus attracting fish 
A)  an insect that resembles a twig 
B)  a butterfly that resembles a leaf 
C)  a nonvenomous snake that looks like a venomous snake 
D)  a fawn with fur coloring that camouflages it in the forest environment 
E)  a snapping turtle that uses its tongue to mimic a worm, thus attracting fish

Question 9

Species richness increases

Accepted Answer

A)  as we increase in altitude in equatorial mountains. 
B)  as we travel southward from the North Pole to the equator. 
C)  on islands as distance from the mainland increases. 
D)  as depth increases in aquatic communities. 
E)  as community size decreases. 
A)  as we increase in altitude in equatorial mountains. 
B)  as we travel southward from the North Pole to the equator. 
C)  on islands as distance from the mainland increases. 
D)  as depth increases in aquatic communities. 
E)  as community size decreases.

Question 10

The symbols +, -, and o are to be used to show the results of interactions between individuals and groups of individuals in the examples that follow. The symbol + denotes a positive interaction, - denotes a negative interaction, and o denotes where individuals are not affected by interacting. The first symbol refers to the first organism mentioned.
-What interactions exist between the cattle egret and grazing cattle?

Accepted Answer

A)  o/- 
B)  +/o 
C)  +/- 
D)  o/o 
E)  -/- 
A)  o/- 
B)  +/o 
C)  +/- 
D)  o/o 
E)  -/-

Question 11

Connell conducted this experiment to learn more about

Accepted Answer

A)  character displacement in the color of barnacles. 
B)  habitat preference in two different species of barnacles. 
C)  desiccation resistance and barnacle species. 
D)  how sea-level changes affect barnacle distribution. 
E)  competitive exclusion and distribution of barnacle species. 
A)  character displacement in the color of barnacles. 
B)  habitat preference in two different species of barnacles. 
C)  desiccation resistance and barnacle species. 
D)  how sea-level changes affect barnacle distribution. 
E)  competitive exclusion and distribution of barnacle species.

Question 12

Which of the following would be most significant in understanding the structure of an ecological community?

Accepted Answer

A)  determining how many species are present overall 
B)  determining which particular species are present 
C)  determining the kinds of interactions that occur among organisms of different species 
D)  determining the relative abundance of species 
E)  all of the above 
A)  determining how many species are present overall 
B)  determining which particular species are present 
C)  determining the kinds of interactions that occur among organisms of different species 
D)  determining the relative abundance of species 
E)  all of the above

Question 13

What interactions exist between a lion pride and a hyena pack?

Accepted Answer

A)  +/+ 
B)  +/o 
C)  +/- 
D)  o/o 
E)  -/- 
A)  +/+ 
B)  +/o 
C)  +/- 
D)  o/o 
E)  -/-

Question 14

Use the diagram of a hypothetical food web in Figure 41.3 to answer the following questions. The arrows represent the transfer of energy between the various trophic levels.
   Figure 41.3
-Which letter represents an organism that could be a producer?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 15

Why do tropical communities tend to have greater species diversity than temperate or polar communities?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are less likely to be affected by human disturbance. 
B)  There are fewer parasites to negatively affect the health of tropical communities. 
C)  Tropical communities are low in altitude, whereas temperate and polar communities are high in altitude. 
D)  Tropical communities are generally older than temperate and polar communities. 
E)  More competitive dominant species have evolved in temperate and polar communities. 
A)  They are less likely to be affected by human disturbance. 
B)  There are fewer parasites to negatively affect the health of tropical communities. 
C)  Tropical communities are low in altitude, whereas temperate and polar communities are high in altitude. 
D)  Tropical communities are generally older than temperate and polar communities. 
E)  More competitive dominant species have evolved in temperate and polar communities.

Exam 41: Species Interactions

In a tide pool, 15 species of invertebrates were reduced to 8 after one species was removed. The species removed was likely a(n)

Which of the following best describes resource partitioning?

Which of the following is an example of Müllerian mimicry?

Which of the following is an example of aposematic coloration?

What interactions exist between mycorrhizae and evergreen tree roots?

Which of the following is a likely explanation for why invasive species take over communities into which they have been introduced?

Zoonotic disease

Which of the following is an example of Batesian mimicry?

Species richness increases

Connell conducted this experiment to learn more about

Which of the following would be most significant in understanding the structure of an ecological community?

What interactions exist between a lion pride and a hyena pack?

Use the diagram of a hypothetical food web in Figure 41.3 to answer the following questions. The arrows represent the transfer of energy between the various trophic levels. Figure 41.3 -Which letter represents an organism that could be a producer?

Why do tropical communities tend to have greater species diversity than temperate or polar communities?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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