Question 1

Use Figure 8.2 and the compounds labeled A, B, C, D, and E to answer the following questions.
   Figure 8.2
-Which molecule(s) of the Calvin cycle is (are) also found in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  B, C, E, and 3-phosphoglycerate 
B)  B, C, and E only 
C)  3-phosphoglycerate only 
D)  B, C, D, and 3-phosphoglycerate only 
E)  E only 
A)  B, C, E, and 3-phosphoglycerate 
B)  B, C, and E only 
C)  3-phosphoglycerate only 
D)  B, C, D, and 3-phosphoglycerate only 
E)  E only

Question 2

The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with

Accepted Answer

A)  light energy. 
B)  CO2 and ATP. 
C)  H2O and NADPH. 
D)  ATP and NADPH. 
E)  sugar and O2. 
A)  light energy. 
B)  CO2 and ATP. 
C)  H2O and NADPH. 
D)  ATP and NADPH. 
E)  sugar and O2.

Question 3

Which statement describes the functioning of photosystem II?

Accepted Answer

A)  Light energy excites electrons in the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain. 
B)  Photons are passed along to a reaction-center chlorophyll. 
C)  The P680 chlorophyll donates a pair of protons to NADP+, which is thus converted to NADPH. 
D)  The electron vacancies in P680+ are filled by electrons derived from water. 
E)  The splitting of water yields molecular carbon dioxide as a by-product. 
A)  Light energy excites electrons in the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain. 
B)  Photons are passed along to a reaction-center chlorophyll. 
C)  The P680 chlorophyll donates a pair of protons to NADP+, which is thus converted to NADPH. 
D)  The electron vacancies in P680+ are filled by electrons derived from water. 
E)  The splitting of water yields molecular carbon dioxide as a by-product.

Question 4

When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a direct by-product of

Accepted Answer

A)  reducing NADP+. 
B)  splitting water molecules. 
C)  chemiosmosis. 
D)  the electron transfer system of photosystem I. 
E)  the electron transfer system of photosystem II. 
A)  reducing NADP+. 
B)  splitting water molecules. 
C)  chemiosmosis. 
D)  the electron transfer system of photosystem I. 
E)  the electron transfer system of photosystem II.

Question 5

Some photosynthetic bacteria (e.g., purple sulfur bacteria) have only photosystem I, whereas others (e.g., cyanobacteria) have both photosystem I and photosystem II. Which of the following might this observation imply?

Accepted Answer

A)  Photosystem II was selected against in some species. 
B)  Photosynthesis with only photosystem I is more ancestral. 
C)  Photosystem II may have evolved to be more photoprotective. 
D)  Linear electron flow is more primitive than cyclic flow of electrons. 
E)  Cyclic flow is more necessary than linear electron flow. 
A)  Photosystem II was selected against in some species. 
B)  Photosynthesis with only photosystem I is more ancestral. 
C)  Photosystem II may have evolved to be more photoprotective. 
D)  Linear electron flow is more primitive than cyclic flow of electrons. 
E)  Cyclic flow is more necessary than linear electron flow.

Question 6

The phylogenetic distribution of the enzyme rubisco is limited to

Accepted Answer

A)  C3 plants only. 
B)  C3 and C4 plants. 
C)  all photosynthetic eukaryotes. 
D)  all known photoautotrophs, both bacterial and eukaryotic. 
E)  all living cells. 
A)  C3 plants only. 
B)  C3 and C4 plants. 
C)  all photosynthetic eukaryotes. 
D)  all known photoautotrophs, both bacterial and eukaryotic. 
E)  all living cells.

Question 7

Suppose the interior of the thylakoids of isolated chloroplasts were made acidic and then transferred in the dark to a pH 8 solution. What would be likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  The isolated chloroplasts will make ATP. 
B)  The Calvin cycle will be activated. 
C)  Cyclic photophosphorylation will occur. 
D)  The isolated chloroplasts will generate oxygen gas. 
E)  The isolated chloroplasts will reduce NADP+ to NADPH. 
A)  The isolated chloroplasts will make ATP. 
B)  The Calvin cycle will be activated. 
C)  Cyclic photophosphorylation will occur. 
D)  The isolated chloroplasts will generate oxygen gas. 
E)  The isolated chloroplasts will reduce NADP+ to NADPH.

Question 8

Carotenoids are often found in foods that are considered to have antioxidant properties in human nutrition. What related function do they have in plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  They serve as accessory pigments to increase light absorption. 
B)  They protect against oxidative damage from excessive light energy. 
C)  They shield the sensitive chromosomes of the plant from harmful ultraviolet radiation. 
D)  They reflect orange light and enhance red light absorption by chlorophyll. 
E)  They take up and remove toxins from the groundwater. 
A)  They serve as accessory pigments to increase light absorption. 
B)  They protect against oxidative damage from excessive light energy. 
C)  They shield the sensitive chromosomes of the plant from harmful ultraviolet radiation. 
D)  They reflect orange light and enhance red light absorption by chlorophyll. 
E)  They take up and remove toxins from the groundwater.

Question 9

Photorespiration lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis by

Accepted Answer

A)  consuming carbon dioxide. 
B)  reducing the amount of 3-phosphoglycerate formed. 
C)  generating excess ATP. 
D)  producing ribulose bisphosphate. 
E)  denaturing rubisco. 
A)  consuming carbon dioxide. 
B)  reducing the amount of 3-phosphoglycerate formed. 
C)  generating excess ATP. 
D)  producing ribulose bisphosphate. 
E)  denaturing rubisco.

Question 10

In C3 photosynthesis, the reactions that require ATP take place in

Accepted Answer

A)  the light reactions alone. 
B)  the Calvin cycle alone. 
C)  both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. 
D)  neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle. 
E)  the chloroplast, but are not part of photosynthesis. 
A)  the light reactions alone. 
B)  the Calvin cycle alone. 
C)  both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle. 
D)  neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle. 
E)  the chloroplast, but are not part of photosynthesis.

Question 11

In photosynthetic cells, synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism occurs during

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthesis only. 
B)  respiration only. 
C)  both photosynthesis and respiration. 
D)  neither photosynthesis nor respiration. 
E)  photorespiration only. 
A)  photosynthesis only. 
B)  respiration only. 
C)  both photosynthesis and respiration. 
D)  neither photosynthesis nor respiration. 
E)  photorespiration only.

Question 12

Compared to C3 plants, C4 plants

Accepted Answer

A)  can continue to fix CO2 even at relatively low CO2 concentrations and high oxygen concentrations. 
B)  have higher rates of photorespiration. 
C)  do not use rubisco for carbon fixation. 
D)  grow better under cool, moist conditions. 
E)  make a four-carbon compound, oxaloacetate, which is then delivered to the citric acid cycle in mitochondria. 
A)  can continue to fix CO2 even at relatively low CO2 concentrations and high oxygen concentrations. 
B)  have higher rates of photorespiration. 
C)  do not use rubisco for carbon fixation. 
D)  grow better under cool, moist conditions. 
E)  make a four-carbon compound, oxaloacetate, which is then delivered to the citric acid cycle in mitochondria.

Question 13

What would be the expected effect on plants if the atmospheric CO2 concentration was doubled?

Accepted Answer

A)  All plants will experience increased rates of photosynthesis. 
B)  C3 plants will have faster growth; C4 plants will be minimally affected. 
C)  C4 plants will have faster growth; C3 plants will be minimally affected. 
D)  C3 plants will have faster growth; C4 plants will have slower growth. 
E)  Plant growth will not be affected because atmospheric CO2 concentrations are never limiting for plant growth. 
A)  All plants will experience increased rates of photosynthesis. 
B)  C3 plants will have faster growth; C4 plants will be minimally affected. 
C)  C4 plants will have faster growth; C3 plants will be minimally affected. 
D)  C3 plants will have faster growth; C4 plants will have slower growth. 
E)  Plant growth will not be affected because atmospheric CO2 concentrations are never limiting for plant growth.

Question 14

In mitochondria, chemiosmosis translocates protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, whereas in chloroplasts, chemiosmosis translocates protons from

Accepted Answer

A)  the stroma to the photosystem II. 
B)  the matrix to the stroma. 
C)  the stroma to the thylakoid space. 
D)  the intermembrane space to the matrix. 
E)  the thylakoid space to the stroma. 
A)  the stroma to the photosystem II. 
B)  the matrix to the stroma. 
C)  the stroma to the thylakoid space. 
D)  the intermembrane space to the matrix. 
E)  the thylakoid space to the stroma.

Question 15

Which of the following does not occur during the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon fixation 
B)  oxidation of NADPH 
C)  release of oxygen 
D)  regeneration of the CO2 acceptor 
E)  consumption of ATP 
A)  carbon fixation 
B)  oxidation of NADPH 
C)  release of oxygen 
D)  regeneration of the CO2 acceptor 
E)  consumption of ATP

Question 16

Reduction of oxygen to form water occurs during

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthesis only. 
B)  respiration only. 
C)  both photosynthesis and respiration. 
D)  neither photosynthesis nor respiration. 
E)  the dark reactions only. 
A)  photosynthesis only. 
B)  respiration only. 
C)  both photosynthesis and respiration. 
D)  neither photosynthesis nor respiration. 
E)  the dark reactions only.

Question 17

Use Figure 8.2 and the compounds labeled A, B, C, D, and E to answer the following questions.
   Figure 8.2
-To identify the molecule that accepts CO2, Calvin and Benson manipulated the carbon-fixation cycle by either cutting off CO2 or cutting off light from cultures of photosynthetic algae. They then measured the concentrations of various metabolites immediately following the manipulation. How would these experiments help identify the CO2 acceptor? Study Figure 8.2 to help you in determining the correct answer.

Accepted Answer

A)  The CO2 acceptor concentration would decrease when either the CO2 or light is cut off. 
B)  The CO2 acceptor concentration would increase when either the CO2 or light is cut off. 
C)  The CO2 acceptor concentration would increase when the CO2 is cut off, but decrease when the light is cut off. 
D)  The CO2 acceptor concentration would decrease when the CO2 is cut off, but increase when the light is cut off. 
E)  The CO2 acceptor concentration would stay the same regardless of the CO2 or light. 
A)  The CO2 acceptor concentration would decrease when either the CO2 or light is cut off. 
B)  The CO2 acceptor concentration would increase when either the CO2 or light is cut off. 
C)  The CO2 acceptor concentration would increase when the CO2 is cut off, but decrease when the light is cut off. 
D)  The CO2 acceptor concentration would decrease when the CO2 is cut off, but increase when the light is cut off. 
E)  The CO2 acceptor concentration would stay the same regardless of the CO2 or light.

Question 18

In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located?

Accepted Answer

A)  thylakoid membrane only 
B)  plasma membrane only 
C)  inner mitochondrial membrane only 
D)  thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane 
E)  thylakoid membrane and plasma membrane 
A)  thylakoid membrane only 
B)  plasma membrane only 
C)  inner mitochondrial membrane only 
D)  thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane 
E)  thylakoid membrane and plasma membrane

Question 19

Where do the enzymatic reactions of the Calvin cycle take place?

Accepted Answer

A)  stroma of the chloroplast 
B)  thylakoid membranes 
C)  matrix of the mitochondria 
D)  cytosol around the chloroplast 
E)  thylakoid space 
A)  stroma of the chloroplast 
B)  thylakoid membranes 
C)  matrix of the mitochondria 
D)  cytosol around the chloroplast 
E)  thylakoid space

Question 20

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse. 
B)  Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, whereas respiration releases it. 
C)  Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals. 
D)  ATP molecules are produced in photosynthesis and used up in respiration. 
E)  Respiration is anabolic and photosynthesis is catabolic. 
A)  Respiration runs the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse. 
B)  Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, whereas respiration releases it. 
C)  Photosynthesis occurs only in plants and respiration occurs only in animals. 
D)  ATP molecules are produced in photosynthesis and used up in respiration. 
E)  Respiration is anabolic and photosynthesis is catabolic.

Exam 8: Photosynthesis

Use Figure 8.2 and the compounds labeled A, B, C, D, and E to answer the following questions. Figure 8.2 -Which molecule(s) of the Calvin cycle is (are) also found in glycolysis?

The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with

Which statement describes the functioning of photosystem II?

When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a direct by-product of

Some photosynthetic bacteria (e.g., purple sulfur bacteria) have only photosystem I, whereas others (e.g., cyanobacteria) have both photosystem I and photosystem II. Which of the following might this observation imply?

The phylogenetic distribution of the enzyme rubisco is limited to

Suppose the interior of the thylakoids of isolated chloroplasts were made acidic and then transferred in the dark to a pH 8 solution. What would be likely to happen?

Carotenoids are often found in foods that are considered to have antioxidant properties in human nutrition. What related function do they have in plants?

Photorespiration lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis by

In C3 photosynthesis, the reactions that require ATP take place in

In photosynthetic cells, synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism occurs during

Compared to C3 plants, C4 plants

What would be the expected effect on plants if the atmospheric CO2 concentration was doubled?

In mitochondria, chemiosmosis translocates protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, whereas in chloroplasts, chemiosmosis translocates protons from

Which of the following does not occur during the Calvin cycle?

Reduction of oxygen to form water occurs during

In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located?

Where do the enzymatic reactions of the Calvin cycle take place?

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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