Question 1

P680+ is said to be the strongest biological oxidizing agent. Given its function, why is this necessary?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the receptor for the most excited electron in either photosystem. 
B)  It is the molecule that transfers electrons to plastoquinone (Pq) of the electron transfer system. 
C)  It transfers its electrons to reduce NADP+ to NADPH. 
D)  It obtains electrons from the oxygen atom in a water molecule, so it must have a stronger attraction for electrons than oxygen has. 
E)  It has a positive charge. 
A)  It is the receptor for the most excited electron in either photosystem. 
B)  It is the molecule that transfers electrons to plastoquinone (Pq) of the electron transfer system. 
C)  It transfers its electrons to reduce NADP+ to NADPH. 
D)  It obtains electrons from the oxygen atom in a water molecule, so it must have a stronger attraction for electrons than oxygen has. 
E)  It has a positive charge.

Question 2

Reduction of NADP+ occurs during

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthesis. 
B)  respiration. 
C)  both photosynthesis and respiration. 
D)  neither photosynthesis nor respiration. 
A)  photosynthesis. 
B)  respiration. 
C)  both photosynthesis and respiration. 
D)  neither photosynthesis nor respiration.

Question 3

In metabolic processes of cell respiration and photosynthesis, prosthetic groups such as heme and iron-sulfur complexes are encountered in components of the electron transport chain. What do they do?

Accepted Answer

A)  donate electrons 
B)  act as reducing agents 
C)  act as oxidizing agents 
D)  transport protons within the mitochondria and chloroplasts 
E)  both oxidize and reduce during electron transport 
A)  donate electrons 
B)  act as reducing agents 
C)  act as oxidizing agents 
D)  transport protons within the mitochondria and chloroplasts 
E)  both oxidize and reduce during electron transport

Question 4

A plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are being absorbed by this pigment?

Accepted Answer

A)  red and yellow 
B)  blue and violet 
C)  green and yellow 
D)  blue, green, and red 
E)  green, blue, and yellow 
A)  red and yellow 
B)  blue and violet 
C)  green and yellow 
D)  blue, green, and red 
E)  green, blue, and yellow

Question 5

A spaceship is designed to support animal life for a multiyear voyage to the outer planets of the solar system. Plants will be grown to provide oxygen and to recycle carbon dioxide. Because the spaceship will be too far from the sun for photosynthesis, an artificial light source will be needed.
-What wavelengths of light should be used to maximize plant growth with a minimum of energy expenditure?

Accepted Answer

A)  full-spectrum white light 
B)  green light 
C)  a mixture of blue and red light 
D)  yellow light 
E)  UV light 
A)  full-spectrum white light 
B)  green light 
C)  a mixture of blue and red light 
D)  yellow light 
E)  UV light

Question 6

In thylakoids, protons travel through ATP synthase from the thylakoid space to the stroma. Therefore, the catalytic "knobs" of ATP synthase would be located

Accepted Answer

A)  on the side facing the thylakoid space. 
B)  on the ATP molecules themselves. 
C)  on the pigment molecules of photosystem I and photosystem II. 
D)  on the stromal side of the membrane. 
E)  built into the center of the thylakoid stack (granum). 
A)  on the side facing the thylakoid space. 
B)  on the ATP molecules themselves. 
C)  on the pigment molecules of photosystem I and photosystem II. 
D)  on the stromal side of the membrane. 
E)  built into the center of the thylakoid stack (granum).

Question 7

A spaceship is designed to support animal life for a multiyear voyage to the outer planets of the solar system. Plants will be grown to provide oxygen and to recycle carbon dioxide. Because the spaceship will be too far from the sun for photosynthesis, an artificial light source will be needed.
-A gardener is concerned that her greenhouse is getting too hot from too much light, and seeks to shade her plants with colored translucent plastic sheets, the color of which allows passage of only that wavelength. What color should she use to reduce overall light energy, but still maximize plant growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  green 
B)  blue 
C)  yellow 
D)  orange 
E)  Any color will work equally well. 
A)  green 
B)  blue 
C)  yellow 
D)  orange 
E)  Any color will work equally well.

Question 8

What does the chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts involve?

Accepted Answer

A)  establishment of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane 
B)  diffusion of electrons through the thylakoid membrane 
C)  reduction of water to produce ATP energy 
D)  movement of water by osmosis into the thylakoid space from the stroma 
E)  formation of glucose, using carbon dioxide, NADPH, and ATP 
A)  establishment of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane 
B)  diffusion of electrons through the thylakoid membrane 
C)  reduction of water to produce ATP energy 
D)  movement of water by osmosis into the thylakoid space from the stroma 
E)  formation of glucose, using carbon dioxide, NADPH, and ATP

Question 9

Where does the Calvin cycle take place?

Accepted Answer

A)  stroma of the chloroplast 
B)  thylakoid membrane 
C)  cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplast 
D)  interior of the thylakoid (thylakoid space) 
E)  outer membrane of the chloroplast 
A)  stroma of the chloroplast 
B)  thylakoid membrane 
C)  cytoplasm surrounding the chloroplast 
D)  interior of the thylakoid (thylakoid space) 
E)  outer membrane of the chloroplast

Question 10

How is photosynthesis similar in C4 plants and CAM plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  In both cases, electron transport is not used. 
B)  Both types of plants make sugar without the Calvin cycle. 
C)  In both cases, rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially. 
D)  Both types of plants make most of their sugar in the dark. 
E)  In both cases, thylakoids are not involved in photosynthesis. 
A)  In both cases, electron transport is not used. 
B)  Both types of plants make sugar without the Calvin cycle. 
C)  In both cases, rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially. 
D)  Both types of plants make most of their sugar in the dark. 
E)  In both cases, thylakoids are not involved in photosynthesis.

Question 11

In the process of carbon fixation, RuBP attaches a CO2 to produce a six-carbon molecule, which is then split to produce two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. After phosphorylation and reduction produces glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), what more needs to happen to complete the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  addition of a pair of electrons from NADPH 
B)  inactivation of RuBP carboxylase enzyme 
C)  regeneration of ATP from ADP 
D)  regeneration of RuBP 
E)  regeneration of NADP+ 
A)  addition of a pair of electrons from NADPH 
B)  inactivation of RuBP carboxylase enzyme 
C)  regeneration of ATP from ADP 
D)  regeneration of RuBP 
E)  regeneration of NADP+

Question 12

Figure 8.3
-Which of the following statements is true concerning Figure 8.3?

Accepted Answer

A)  It represents cell processes involved in C4 photosynthesis. 
B)  It represents the type of cell structures found in CAM plants. 
C)  It represents an adaptation that maximizes photorespiration. 
D)  It represents a C3 photosynthetic system. 
E)  It represents a relationship between plant cells that photosynthesize and those that cannot. 
A)  It represents cell processes involved in C4 photosynthesis. 
B)  It represents the type of cell structures found in CAM plants. 
C)  It represents an adaptation that maximizes photorespiration. 
D)  It represents a C3 photosynthetic system. 
E)  It represents a relationship between plant cells that photosynthesize and those that cannot.

Question 13

Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light.
-If you ran the same experiment without passing light through a prism, what would you predict?

Accepted Answer

A)  There would be no difference in results. 
B)  The bacteria would be relatively evenly distributed along the algal filaments. 
C)  The number of bacteria present would decrease due to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration. 
D)  The number of bacteria present would increase due to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration. 
E)  The number of bacteria would decrease due to a decrease in the temperature of the water. 
A)  There would be no difference in results. 
B)  The bacteria would be relatively evenly distributed along the algal filaments. 
C)  The number of bacteria present would decrease due to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration. 
D)  The number of bacteria present would increase due to an increase in the carbon dioxide concentration. 
E)  The number of bacteria would decrease due to a decrease in the temperature of the water.

Question 14

Which of the following events occurs in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  NADP is produced. 
B)  NADPH is reduced to NADP+. 
C)  Carbon dioxide is incorporated into PGA. 
D)  ATP is phosphorylated to yield ADP. 
E)  Light is absorbed and funneled to reaction-center chlorophyll a. 
A)  NADP is produced. 
B)  NADPH is reduced to NADP+. 
C)  Carbon dioxide is incorporated into PGA. 
D)  ATP is phosphorylated to yield ADP. 
E)  Light is absorbed and funneled to reaction-center chlorophyll a.

Question 15

If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with CO2 containing heavy oxygen (18O), later analysis will show that all of the following molecules produced by the algae contain 18O except

Accepted Answer

A)  3-phosphoglycerate. 
B)  glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). 
C)  glucose. 
D)  ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). 
E)  O2. 
A)  3-phosphoglycerate. 
B)  glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). 
C)  glucose. 
D)  ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP). 
E)  O2.

Question 16

Which of the following are directly associated with photosystem I?

Accepted Answer

A)  harvesting of light energy by ATP 
B)  receiving electrons from the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain 
C)  generation of molecular oxygen 
D)  extraction of hydrogen electrons from the splitting of water 
E)  passing electrons to the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain 
A)  harvesting of light energy by ATP 
B)  receiving electrons from the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain 
C)  generation of molecular oxygen 
D)  extraction of hydrogen electrons from the splitting of water 
E)  passing electrons to the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain

Question 17

Use Figure 8.2 and the compounds labeled A, B, C, D, and E to answer the following questions.
   Figure 8.2
-If the carbon atom of each of the incoming CO2 molecules is labeled with a radioactive isotope of carbon, which organic molecules will be radioactively labeled after one cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  C only 
B)  B, C, D, and E 
C)  C, D, and E only 
D)  B and C only 
E)  B and D only 
A)  C only 
B)  B, C, D, and E 
C)  C, D, and E only 
D)  B and C only 
E)  B and D only

Question 18

In mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to

Accepted Answer

A)  substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis. 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration. 
C)  the Calvin cycle. 
D)  carbon fixation. 
E)  reduction of NADP+. 
A)  substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis. 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration. 
C)  the Calvin cycle. 
D)  carbon fixation. 
E)  reduction of NADP+.

Question 19

A spaceship is designed to support animal life for a multiyear voyage to the outer planets of the solar system. Plants will be grown to provide oxygen and to recycle carbon dioxide. Because the spaceship will be too far from the sun for photosynthesis, an artificial light source will be needed.
-Halobacterium has a photosynthetic membrane that appears purple. Its photosynthetic action spectrum is the inverse of the action spectrum for green plants. (That is, the Halobacterium action spectrum has a peak where the green plant action spectrum has a trough.) What wavelengths of light do the Halobacterium photosynthetic pigments absorb?

Accepted Answer

A)  red and yellow 
B)  blue, green, and red 
C)  green and yellow 
D)  red and green 
E)  blue and red 
A)  red and yellow 
B)  blue, green, and red 
C)  green and yellow 
D)  red and green 
E)  blue and red

Question 20

Theodor W. Engelmann illuminated a filament of algae with light that passed through a prism, thus exposing different segments of algae to different wavelengths of light. He added aerobic bacteria and then noted in which areas the bacteria congregated. He noted that the largest groups were found in the areas illuminated by the red and blue light.
-An outcome of this experiment was to help determine the relationship between

Accepted Answer

A)  heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms. 
B)  wavelengths of light and the rate of aerobic respiration. 
C)  wavelengths of light and the amount of heat released. 
D)  wavelengths of light and the rate of photosynthesis. 
E)  the concentration of carbon dioxide and the rate of photosynthesis. 
A)  heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms. 
B)  wavelengths of light and the rate of aerobic respiration. 
C)  wavelengths of light and the amount of heat released. 
D)  wavelengths of light and the rate of photosynthesis. 
E)  the concentration of carbon dioxide and the rate of photosynthesis.

Exam 8: Photosynthesis

P680+ is said to be the strongest biological oxidizing agent. Given its function, why is this necessary?

Reduction of NADP+ occurs during

In metabolic processes of cell respiration and photosynthesis, prosthetic groups such as heme and iron-sulfur complexes are encountered in components of the electron transport chain. What do they do?

A plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are being absorbed by this pigment?

In thylakoids, protons travel through ATP synthase from the thylakoid space to the stroma. Therefore, the catalytic "knobs" of ATP synthase would be located

What does the chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts involve?

Where does the Calvin cycle take place?

How is photosynthesis similar in C4 plants and CAM plants?

In the process of carbon fixation, RuBP attaches a CO2 to produce a six-carbon molecule, which is then split to produce two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. After phosphorylation and reduction produces glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), what more needs to happen to complete the Calvin cycle?

Figure 8.3 -Which of the following statements is true concerning Figure 8.3?

Which of the following events occurs in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with CO2 containing heavy oxygen (18O), later analysis will show that all of the following molecules produced by the algae contain 18O except

Which of the following are directly associated with photosystem I?

Use Figure 8.2 and the compounds labeled A, B, C, D, and E to answer the following questions. Figure 8.2 -If the carbon atom of each of the incoming CO2 molecules is labeled with a radioactive isotope of carbon, which organic molecules will be radioactively labeled after one cycle?

In mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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