Exam 19: The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

A number of different genes have been identified as affecting skin color and there are probably more as yet unidentified. Each of these genes likely has several regulatory protein factors affecting their expression, and those proteins are coded for by yet more genes. Thus there are many genes involved in determining skin color. A reasonable hypothesis about the geographic distribution of these genes is

According to the fossil record, the genus Homo first arose in

Complete the analogy: ________ are to plant evolution as ________ is/are to vertebrate evolution.

By far the largest number of extant fish species on Earth have

Source: Parra, E. J., Kittles, R. A., & Shriver, M. D. (2004). Implications of correlations between skin color and genetic ancestry for biomedical research. Nature Genetics, 36, S54-S60. -The graphs shown indicate the range of melanin amounts in populations from four different geographic regions. Not all populations across the globe have the same number of genes or alleles controlling skin color. Which population is likely to be the most genetically diverse in terms of genes affecting skin color?

Of the over 19,000 new species described for the first time in 2009, more than half were

Human DNA and chimpanzee DNA differ by

A number of different genes have been identified as affecting skin color and there are probably more as yet unidentified. Each of these genes likely has several regulatory protein factors affecting their expression, and those proteins are coded for by yet more genes. Thus there are many genes, some of which have multiple alleles, involved in determining skin color. What property of skin color does this multigene foundation not explain?

The greatest incidence of skin cancer (melanoma) would be expected to occur in

-Suppose a fossil was found and identified to be a species approximately 3.5 million years old. This fossil could be a representative of which species?

Craniates are chordates that all possess

Reptiles are not able to eat as frequently as mammals and birds can eat. This is due to a trait that mammals and birds share but that reptiles do not have. What is this trait?

Jaws appear to have evolved from

Which statement is true?

Complete the analogy: ________ is/are to birds as ________ is/are to mammals.

The earliest hominin to be found outside of Africa belongs to which species?

-Which option lists the major groups or genera from the fossil record in the correct order from earliest to most recent?