Question 1

In what part of the world is the mutation for lactose tolerance most concentrated?

Accepted Answer

A)  East Asia 
B)  South America 
C)  northern Europe 
D)  North America 
A)  East Asia 
B)  South America 
C)  northern Europe 
D)  North America

Question 2

Below is a molecule of caffeine. Which of the following features are not present in a molecule of caffeine?

Accepted Answer

A)  a carbonyl group 
B)  a carboxyl group 
C)  a methyl group 
D)  a double bond 
A)  a carbonyl group 
B)  a carboxyl group 
C)  a methyl group 
D)  a double bond

Question 3

Which of the following substances is made of lipids?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  cellulose 
C)  steroids 
D)  enzymes 
A)  DNA 
B)  cellulose 
C)  steroids 
D)  enzymes

Question 4

The functions of some proteins change depending on whether they are in the light or in the dark they are photoreceptive (PR) proteins. A team of scientists recently determined that PR proteins bind to DNA to regulate gene expression in microbes. Answer the following three questions about this scenario.
-Suppose that the team of scientists conducted the following experiment: They mixed the PR proteins with DNA in a test tube and measured the amount of protein that bound to the DNA after 10 minutes under variable amounts of light. What was the independent variable in their experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  the amount of light that they exposed the test tube to 
B)  the amount of PR proteins bound to DNA 
C)  the type of PR proteins used in the experiment 
D)  the amount of time the light was exposed to the test tube 
A)  the amount of light that they exposed the test tube to 
B)  the amount of PR proteins bound to DNA 
C)  the type of PR proteins used in the experiment 
D)  the amount of time the light was exposed to the test tube

Question 5

A phospholipid is composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  one fatty acid molecule linked to three glycerol molecules. 
B)  one glycerol molecule linked to three phosphate groups. 
C)  one fatty acid molecule linked to one glycerol molecule and two phosphate groups. 
D)  one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids. 
A)  one fatty acid molecule linked to three glycerol molecules. 
B)  one glycerol molecule linked to three phosphate groups. 
C)  one fatty acid molecule linked to one glycerol molecule and two phosphate groups. 
D)  one glycerol molecule linked to one phosphate group and two fatty acids.

Question 6

A scientist suspects that the food in an ecosystem may have been contaminated with radioactive nitrogen over a period of months. Which of the following substances could be examined for radioactivity to test the hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  the cell walls of plants growing in the ecosystem 
B)  the hair produced by humans living in the ecosystem 
C)  the sugars produced during photosynthesis by plants growing in the ecosystem 
D)  the cholesterol in the cell membranes of organisms living in the ecosystem 
A)  the cell walls of plants growing in the ecosystem 
B)  the hair produced by humans living in the ecosystem 
C)  the sugars produced during photosynthesis by plants growing in the ecosystem 
D)  the cholesterol in the cell membranes of organisms living in the ecosystem

Question 7

DNA differs from RNA because DNA

Accepted Answer

A)  contains thymine in place of uracil. 
B)  consists of a single rather than a double polynucleotide strand. 
C)  contains the sugar ribose rather than the sugar deoxyribose. 
D)  contains phosphate groups not found in RNA. 
A)  contains thymine in place of uracil. 
B)  consists of a single rather than a double polynucleotide strand. 
C)  contains the sugar ribose rather than the sugar deoxyribose. 
D)  contains phosphate groups not found in RNA.

Question 8

Structural proteins

Accepted Answer

A)  include receptor molecules. 
B)  include hemoglobin. 
C)  are found in hair and tendons. 
D)  include ovalbumin, a protein found in egg white. 
A)  include receptor molecules. 
B)  include hemoglobin. 
C)  are found in hair and tendons. 
D)  include ovalbumin, a protein found in egg white.

Question 9

Which of the following lists contains only polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

A)  sucrose, starch, and cellulose 
B)  starch, amino acids, and glycogen 
C)  cellulose, starch, and glycogen 
D)  fructose, cellulose, and glucose 
A)  sucrose, starch, and cellulose 
B)  starch, amino acids, and glycogen 
C)  cellulose, starch, and glycogen 
D)  fructose, cellulose, and glucose

Question 10

Mad cow disease serves as an example of how interdependent ________ and ________ are to protein.

Accepted Answer

A)  solubility; texture 
B)  form; construction 
C)  structure; function 
D)  adaptability; development 
A)  solubility; texture 
B)  form; construction 
C)  structure; function 
D)  adaptability; development

Question 11

What is the correct flow of information in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA→RNA→protein 
B)  RNA→DNA→protein 
C)  Protein→RNA→DNA 
D)  DNA→protein→RNA 
A)  DNA→RNA→protein 
B)  RNA→DNA→protein 
C)  Protein→RNA→DNA 
D)  DNA→protein→RNA

Question 12

If you could design a modified version of the enzyme to ensure that it would function optimally in the harsh conditions of the washing vat (such as high temperature or high pH), which of the following could you do to achieve this goal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Add more amino acids to the end of the protein to make it more hydrophobic. 
B)  Change the amino acid sequence slightly to ensure a more stable tertiary structure. 
C)  Remove some amino acids from the start of the protein to strengthen its secondary structure. 
D)  Change the amino acid sequence drastically to give the enzyme quaternary structure. 
A)  Add more amino acids to the end of the protein to make it more hydrophobic. 
B)  Change the amino acid sequence slightly to ensure a more stable tertiary structure. 
C)  Remove some amino acids from the start of the protein to strengthen its secondary structure. 
D)  Change the amino acid sequence drastically to give the enzyme quaternary structure.

Question 13

A hydroxyl group is

Accepted Answer

A)  also called a carbonyl group. 
B)  characteristic of proteins. 
C)  characteristic of alcohols. 
D)  composed of two oxygen atoms. 
A)  also called a carbonyl group. 
B)  characteristic of proteins. 
C)  characteristic of alcohols. 
D)  composed of two oxygen atoms.

Question 14

Foods that are high in fiber are most likely derived from

Accepted Answer

A)  plants. 
B)  dairy products. 
C)  red meats. 
D)  fish. 
A)  plants. 
B)  dairy products. 
C)  red meats. 
D)  fish.

Question 15

What is the general function of enzymes within a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  to promote the synthesis of monomers 
B)  to induce chemical reactions 
C)  to stop chemical reactions 
D)  to speed up chemical reactions 
A)  to promote the synthesis of monomers 
B)  to induce chemical reactions 
C)  to stop chemical reactions 
D)  to speed up chemical reactions

Question 16

Which of the following is an amino group?

Accepted Answer

A)  -OH 
B)  -NH2 
C)  -COOH 
D)  -CO 
A)  -OH 
B)  -NH2 
C)  -COOH 
D)  -CO

Question 17

Amino acids can be distinguished from one another by

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of R groups found on the amino acid molecules. 
B)  the chemical properties of their R groups. 
C)  the type of bond between the R group and the rest of the amino acid molecule. 
D)  the chemical properties of their amino and carboxyl groups. 
A)  the number of R groups found on the amino acid molecules. 
B)  the chemical properties of their R groups. 
C)  the type of bond between the R group and the rest of the amino acid molecule. 
D)  the chemical properties of their amino and carboxyl groups.

Question 18

Cows can derive nutrients from cellulose because

Accepted Answer

A)  they produce the enzymes that break down cellulose. 
B)  they chew their food so thoroughly that cellulose fibers are broken down. 
C)  their intestinal tract contains cellulose-hydrolyzing microorganisms. 
D)  they convert cellulose into starch, which is easily broken down in the intestinal tract. 
A)  they produce the enzymes that break down cellulose. 
B)  they chew their food so thoroughly that cellulose fibers are broken down. 
C)  their intestinal tract contains cellulose-hydrolyzing microorganisms. 
D)  they convert cellulose into starch, which is easily broken down in the intestinal tract.

Question 19

The functions of some proteins change depending on whether they are in the light or in the dark they are photoreceptive (PR) proteins. A team of scientists recently determined that PR proteins bind to DNA to regulate gene expression in microbes. Answer the following three questions about this scenario.
-A single PR protein is composed of four identical polypeptide chains that act together to bind DNA. What is the highest level of protein structure that the PR proteins have?

Accepted Answer

A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  tertiary 
D)  quaternary 
A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  tertiary 
D)  quaternary

Question 20

Suppose that an adult black bear adds 50 pounds of fat in order to survive while hibernating through the winter. Approximately how much glycogen would a bear have to add to achieve a similar feat?

Accepted Answer

A)  25 pounds 
B)  50 pounds 
C)  75 pounds 
D)  100 pounds 
A)  25 pounds 
B)  50 pounds 
C)  75 pounds 
D)  100 pounds

Exam 3: The Molecules of Cells

In what part of the world is the mutation for lactose tolerance most concentrated?

Below is a molecule of caffeine. Which of the following features are not present in a molecule of caffeine?

Which of the following substances is made of lipids?

A phospholipid is composed of

A scientist suspects that the food in an ecosystem may have been contaminated with radioactive nitrogen over a period of months. Which of the following substances could be examined for radioactivity to test the hypothesis?

DNA differs from RNA because DNA

Structural proteins

Which of the following lists contains only polysaccharides?

Mad cow disease serves as an example of how interdependent ________ and ________ are to protein.

What is the correct flow of information in gene expression?

If you could design a modified version of the enzyme to ensure that it would function optimally in the harsh conditions of the washing vat (such as high temperature or high pH), which of the following could you do to achieve this goal?

A hydroxyl group is

Foods that are high in fiber are most likely derived from

What is the general function of enzymes within a cell?

Which of the following is an amino group?

Amino acids can be distinguished from one another by

Cows can derive nutrients from cellulose because

Suppose that an adult black bear adds 50 pounds of fat in order to survive while hibernating through the winter. Approximately how much glycogen would a bear have to add to achieve a similar feat?

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

The Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

The Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

The Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

Filters

Mad cow disease serves as an example of how interdependent and are to protein.