Question 1

What type of microscopy allowed scientists to visualize the cytoskeleton in living cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  transmission electron microscopy 
B)  scanning electron microscopy 
C)  fluorescence microscopy 
D)  light microscopy 
A)  transmission electron microscopy 
B)  scanning electron microscopy 
C)  fluorescence microscopy 
D)  light microscopy

Question 2

Which of the following statements regarding the endomembrane system is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The endomembrane system is involved in the synthesis, storage, and export of important molecules. 
B)  The endomembrane system includes the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. 
C)  The endomembrane system includes the nuclear envelope. 
D)  The endomembrane system is a system of interrelated membranes that are all physically connected. 
A)  The endomembrane system is involved in the synthesis, storage, and export of important molecules. 
B)  The endomembrane system includes the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. 
C)  The endomembrane system includes the nuclear envelope. 
D)  The endomembrane system is a system of interrelated membranes that are all physically connected.

Question 3

Most animal cells are

Accepted Answer

A)  surrounded by a cell wall. 
B)  attached to each other via plasmodesmata. 
C)  embedded in an extracellular matrix. 
D)  embedded in a lipid matrix. 
A)  surrounded by a cell wall. 
B)  attached to each other via plasmodesmata. 
C)  embedded in an extracellular matrix. 
D)  embedded in a lipid matrix.

Question 4

It is essential for heart muscle cells to beat in a coordinated fashion. The cell junctions that would best facilitate this are

Accepted Answer

A)  basal bodies. 
B)  anchoring junctions. 
C)  tight junctions. 
D)  gap junctions. 
A)  basal bodies. 
B)  anchoring junctions. 
C)  tight junctions. 
D)  gap junctions.

Question 5

Resolution is the

Accepted Answer

A)  ability of an optical instrument to show two close objects as separate. 
B)  size of an image. 
C)  ability of an optical instrument to magnify an image. 
D)  distance between the lenses of a microscope. 
A)  ability of an optical instrument to show two close objects as separate. 
B)  size of an image. 
C)  ability of an optical instrument to magnify an image. 
D)  distance between the lenses of a microscope.

Question 6

The endosymbiosis hypothesis proposes that

Accepted Answer

A)  two separate cells worked cooperatively and one benefited from the other. 
B)  a small cell lived inside a larger cell to the benefit of both cells. 
C)  a large cell engulfed and digested a smaller cell, exposing its enzymes for use by the larger cell. 
D)  two cells merged into one cell, improving the enzyme function of the new cell. 
A)  two separate cells worked cooperatively and one benefited from the other. 
B)  a small cell lived inside a larger cell to the benefit of both cells. 
C)  a large cell engulfed and digested a smaller cell, exposing its enzymes for use by the larger cell. 
D)  two cells merged into one cell, improving the enzyme function of the new cell.

Question 7

Cilia differ from flagella in that

Accepted Answer

A)  cilia contain nine microtubule doublets surrounding a central pair of microtubules, whereas flagella contain only nine microtubule doublets. 
B)  the protein filaments of cilia are "naked," whereas those of flagella are wrapped in an extension of the cell membrane. 
C)  cilia are typically more numerous and shorter than flagella. 
D)  cilia are anchored only in the proteins of the cell membrane, whereas flagella are anchored in a special structure called the basal body. 
A)  cilia contain nine microtubule doublets surrounding a central pair of microtubules, whereas flagella contain only nine microtubule doublets. 
B)  the protein filaments of cilia are "naked," whereas those of flagella are wrapped in an extension of the cell membrane. 
C)  cilia are typically more numerous and shorter than flagella. 
D)  cilia are anchored only in the proteins of the cell membrane, whereas flagella are anchored in a special structure called the basal body.

Question 8

A child dies following a series of chronic bacterial infections. At the autopsy, the physicians are startled to see that the child's white blood cells are loaded with vacuoles containing intact bacteria. Which of the following explanations could account for this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  A defect in the Golgi apparatus prevented the cells from processing and excreting the bacteria. 
B)  A defect in the rough endoplasmic reticulum prevented the synthesis of the antibodies (defensive proteins) that would have inactivated the bacteria. 
C)  A defect in the cell walls of the white blood cells permitted bacteria to enter the cells. 
D)  A defect in the lysosomes of the white blood cells prevented the cells from destroying engulfed bacteria. 
A)  A defect in the Golgi apparatus prevented the cells from processing and excreting the bacteria. 
B)  A defect in the rough endoplasmic reticulum prevented the synthesis of the antibodies (defensive proteins) that would have inactivated the bacteria. 
C)  A defect in the cell walls of the white blood cells permitted bacteria to enter the cells. 
D)  A defect in the lysosomes of the white blood cells prevented the cells from destroying engulfed bacteria.

Question 9

Which organelle is involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and the detoxification of alcohol?

Accepted Answer

A)  peroxisome 
B)  Golgi apparatus 
C)  smooth ER 
D)  ribosomes 
A)  peroxisome 
B)  Golgi apparatus 
C)  smooth ER 
D)  ribosomes

Question 10

Contractile vacuoles

Accepted Answer

A)  are generally found in protists that inhabit salt water. 
B)  help in the excretion of excess salt. 
C)  prevent cells from bursting as a result of the influx of excess water. 
D)  allow organisms to avoid dehydration by absorbing water from the environment. 
A)  are generally found in protists that inhabit salt water. 
B)  help in the excretion of excess salt. 
C)  prevent cells from bursting as a result of the influx of excess water. 
D)  allow organisms to avoid dehydration by absorbing water from the environment.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the functions of a plant cell central vacuole is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The central vacuole of a plant cell may help increase the size of cells by absorbing water. 
B)  The central vacuole of a plant cell may store waste products. 
C)  The central vacuole of a plant cell may digest chemicals for recycling. 
D)  The central vacuole of a plant cell may store poisons. 
A)  The central vacuole of a plant cell may help increase the size of cells by absorbing water. 
B)  The central vacuole of a plant cell may store waste products. 
C)  The central vacuole of a plant cell may digest chemicals for recycling. 
D)  The central vacuole of a plant cell may store poisons.

Question 12

Which of the following statements regarding cells is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  All cells are enclosed in a membrane that maintains internal conditions different from the surroundings. 
B)  All cells have a cell wall. 
C)  All cells can interconvert forms of energy. 
D)  All cells have DNA as their genetic material. 
A)  All cells are enclosed in a membrane that maintains internal conditions different from the surroundings. 
B)  All cells have a cell wall. 
C)  All cells can interconvert forms of energy. 
D)  All cells have DNA as their genetic material.

Question 13

Which of the following statements regarding plasmodesmata is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasmodesmata penetrate plant cell walls. 
B)  Plasmodesmata carry chemical messages between plant cells. 
C)  Plasmodesmata carry nutrients between plant cells. 
D)  Plasmodesmata are found in plants and animals. 
A)  Plasmodesmata penetrate plant cell walls. 
B)  Plasmodesmata carry chemical messages between plant cells. 
C)  Plasmodesmata carry nutrients between plant cells. 
D)  Plasmodesmata are found in plants and animals.

Question 14

Studies of the endomembrane system often involve the use of a protein that can emit a green fluorescence (glow). A researcher wants to make a video of cell behavior, so she initially labels the outer nuclear envelope of a cell with the fluorescent tag and records a video for several hours. Later, she sees that the tag is part of a transport vesicle very close to the plasma membrane.
-The ability to stain protein molecules with a fluorescent dye would most clearly allow researchers to go beyond what they could previously detect with a microscope by allowing them to

Accepted Answer

A)  detect ribosome activity. 
B)  detect when DNA is replicating. 
C)  distinguish a prokaryote from a eukaryote. 
D)  determine whether a cell had cilia or flagella. 
A)  detect ribosome activity. 
B)  detect when DNA is replicating. 
C)  distinguish a prokaryote from a eukaryote. 
D)  determine whether a cell had cilia or flagella.

Question 15

Which of the following would be most affected by a mutation that prevented cells from forming tight junctions?

Accepted Answer

A)  attachment of cells to the surrounding matrix 
B)  direct flow of water and small molecules from one cell to another 
C)  integrity of the inner lining of the digestive tract 
D)  attachment of the cytoskeleton to the inside of the plasma membrane 
A)  attachment of cells to the surrounding matrix 
B)  direct flow of water and small molecules from one cell to another 
C)  integrity of the inner lining of the digestive tract 
D)  attachment of the cytoskeleton to the inside of the plasma membrane

Question 16

In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads

Accepted Answer

A)  are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane. 
B)  are hydrophilic and face inward, shielded from water. 
C)  are hydrophobic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane. 
D)  are hydrophobic and face inward, shielded from water. 
A)  are hydrophilic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane. 
B)  are hydrophilic and face inward, shielded from water. 
C)  are hydrophobic and face outward toward the aqueous solution on both sides of the membrane. 
D)  are hydrophobic and face inward, shielded from water.

Question 17

Studies of the endomembrane system often involve the use of a protein that can emit a green fluorescence (glow). A researcher wants to make a video of cell behavior, so she initially labels the outer nuclear envelope of a cell with the fluorescent tag and records a video for several hours. Later, she sees that the tag is part of a transport vesicle very close to the plasma membrane.
-The fluorescent tag likely did not become incorporated into which of the following organelles?

Accepted Answer

A)  "receiving" side of Golgi 
B)  "shipping" side of Golgi 
C)  mitochondria 
D)  rough ER 
A)  "receiving" side of Golgi 
B)  "shipping" side of Golgi 
C)  mitochondria 
D)  rough ER

Question 18

The nucleus of a cell

Accepted Answer

A)  is surrounded by a single layer of membrane. 
B)  is contained within the nucleolus. 
C)  contains DNA. 
D)  is the primary location of protein synthesis. 
A)  is surrounded by a single layer of membrane. 
B)  is contained within the nucleolus. 
C)  contains DNA. 
D)  is the primary location of protein synthesis.

Question 19

Hexokinase is an enzyme that is involved with glycolysis (the breakdown of glucose for energy release) that occurs in the cytoplasm. What cellular structure makes hexokinase?

Accepted Answer

A)  the smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
B)  the rough endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  free ribosomes 
D)  mitochondria 
A)  the smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
B)  the rough endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  free ribosomes 
D)  mitochondria

Question 20

Much of the intracellular structure of a eukaryote cell is involved in protein synthesis. The accompanying figure shows the amounts of protein in cells at different parts of the cell cycle between two cell divisions. GS1U1B11S1U1B0 is a stage just after the cell has divided, and GS1U1B12S1U1B0 is the stage just before the cell divides again. S is a stage when the cell is synthesizing material such as DNA, mitochondria, and other organelles.
-The technique used to produce the data displayed might be useful for a cancer biologist who wishes to

Accepted Answer

A)  determine whether a drug can prevent cell division. 
B)  determine the effect of a drug on microtubule assembly. 
C)  determine the effect of drugs on protein synthesis at various times in the cell cycle. 
D)  determine the effect of a drug on mitochondrial function. 
A)  determine whether a drug can prevent cell division. 
B)  determine the effect of a drug on microtubule assembly. 
C)  determine the effect of drugs on protein synthesis at various times in the cell cycle. 
D)  determine the effect of a drug on mitochondrial function.

Exam 4: A Tour of the Cell

What type of microscopy allowed scientists to visualize the cytoskeleton in living cells?

Which of the following statements regarding the endomembrane system is false?

Most animal cells are

It is essential for heart muscle cells to beat in a coordinated fashion. The cell junctions that would best facilitate this are

Resolution is the

The endosymbiosis hypothesis proposes that

Cilia differ from flagella in that

A child dies following a series of chronic bacterial infections. At the autopsy, the physicians are startled to see that the child's white blood cells are loaded with vacuoles containing intact bacteria. Which of the following explanations could account for this finding?

Which organelle is involved in the breakdown of fatty acids and the detoxification of alcohol?

Contractile vacuoles

Which of the following statements about the functions of a plant cell central vacuole is false?

Which of the following statements regarding cells is false?

Which of the following statements regarding plasmodesmata is false?

Which of the following would be most affected by a mutation that prevented cells from forming tight junctions?

In the plasma membrane, the phospholipid heads

The nucleus of a cell

Hexokinase is an enzyme that is involved with glycolysis (the breakdown of glucose for energy release) that occurs in the cytoplasm. What cellular structure makes hexokinase?

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

The Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

The Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

The Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

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