Question 1

The ________ of a mitochondrion is/are an adaptation that increases the surface area and enhances a mitochondrion's ability to produce ATP.

Accepted Answer

A)  stroma 
B)  intermembrane space 
C)  cristae 
D)  matrix 
A)  stroma 
B)  intermembrane space 
C)  cristae 
D)  matrix

Question 2

Much of the intracellular structure of a eukaryote cell is involved in protein synthesis. The accompanying figure shows the amounts of protein in cells at different parts of the cell cycle between two cell divisions. G1 is a stage just after the cell has divided, and G2 is the stage just before the cell divides again. S is a stage when the cell is synthesizing material such as DNA, mitochondria, and other organelles.
-Which of these conclusions cannot reasonably be drawn from the graph?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protein production occurs throughout the cell cycle. 
B)  An increase in ribosomal activity occurs as a cell prepares to divide. 
C)  Cells export a large amount of protein following cell division. 
D)  There is always a supply of amino acids in the cell. 
A)  Protein production occurs throughout the cell cycle. 
B)  An increase in ribosomal activity occurs as a cell prepares to divide. 
C)  Cells export a large amount of protein following cell division. 
D)  There is always a supply of amino acids in the cell.

Question 3

Archaea are composed of ________ cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  prokaryotic 
B)  bacterial 
C)  eukaryotic 
D)  animal 
A)  prokaryotic 
B)  bacterial 
C)  eukaryotic 
D)  animal

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cytoskeleton helps to support cells. 
B)  Once laid down, the elements of the cytoskeleton are fixed and remain permanently in place. 
C)  The cytoskeleton is composed of three types of fibers: microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. 
D)  The cytoskeleton plays an important role in amoeboid motion. 
A)  The cytoskeleton helps to support cells. 
B)  Once laid down, the elements of the cytoskeleton are fixed and remain permanently in place. 
C)  The cytoskeleton is composed of three types of fibers: microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. 
D)  The cytoskeleton plays an important role in amoeboid motion.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about electron microscopes is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Electron microscopes focus electron beams to create a magnified image of an object. 
B)  Scanning electron microscopes are used to study the details of internal cell structure. 
C)  Transmission electron microscopes are mainly used to study cell surfaces. 
D)  Specimens must be sectioned to be viewed under a scanning electron microscope. 
A)  Electron microscopes focus electron beams to create a magnified image of an object. 
B)  Scanning electron microscopes are used to study the details of internal cell structure. 
C)  Transmission electron microscopes are mainly used to study cell surfaces. 
D)  Specimens must be sectioned to be viewed under a scanning electron microscope.

Question 6

Cyanide inhibits mitochondrial function; as a result, the rate of

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP synthesis increases. 
B)  ATP synthesis decreases. 
C)  photosynthesis increases. 
D)  protein synthesis increases. 
A)  ATP synthesis increases. 
B)  ATP synthesis decreases. 
C)  photosynthesis increases. 
D)  protein synthesis increases.

Question 7

The endosymbiosis hypothesis is supported by all of the following pieces of evidence except the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria have circular DNA like prokaryotes. 
B)  mitochondria lack ribosomes like prokaryotes. 
C)  chloroplasts have ribosomes like prokaryotes. 
D)  chloroplasts reproduce through a splitting process like certain prokaryotes. 
A)  mitochondria have circular DNA like prokaryotes. 
B)  mitochondria lack ribosomes like prokaryotes. 
C)  chloroplasts have ribosomes like prokaryotes. 
D)  chloroplasts reproduce through a splitting process like certain prokaryotes.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about cellular metabolism is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cellular metabolism includes different processes that require different conditions. 
B)  Cellular metabolism can occur within organelles. 
C)  Cellular metabolism occurs in animal but not plant cells. 
D)  Cellular metabolism often occurs on the surfaces of internal membranes. 
A)  Cellular metabolism includes different processes that require different conditions. 
B)  Cellular metabolism can occur within organelles. 
C)  Cellular metabolism occurs in animal but not plant cells. 
D)  Cellular metabolism often occurs on the surfaces of internal membranes.

Question 9

The Golgi apparatus

Accepted Answer

A)  is composed of stacks of membranous vesicles that are continuous with one another. 
B)  stores, modifies, and packages proteins. 
C)  strings together amino acids to produce proteins. 
D)  is the site of carbohydrate breakdown. 
A)  is composed of stacks of membranous vesicles that are continuous with one another. 
B)  stores, modifies, and packages proteins. 
C)  strings together amino acids to produce proteins. 
D)  is the site of carbohydrate breakdown.

Question 10

A scanning electron microscope is used to study ________, whereas a transmission electron microscope is used to study ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  live cells; dead cells 
B)  cell surfaces; internal cell structures 
C)  dead cells; live cells 
D)  internal cell structures; cell surfaces 
A)  live cells; dead cells 
B)  cell surfaces; internal cell structures 
C)  dead cells; live cells 
D)  internal cell structures; cell surfaces

Question 11

Microfilaments differ from microtubules in that microfilaments

Accepted Answer

A)  are thicker than microtubules. 
B)  are found only in plants, whereas microtubules are found in both plant and animal cells. 
C)  are mainly composed of actin, whereas microtubules are composed of tubulin. 
D)  help to anchor organelles, whereas microtubules primarily function to help cells change shape and move. 
A)  are thicker than microtubules. 
B)  are found only in plants, whereas microtubules are found in both plant and animal cells. 
C)  are mainly composed of actin, whereas microtubules are composed of tubulin. 
D)  help to anchor organelles, whereas microtubules primarily function to help cells change shape and move.

Question 12

Secretory proteins are

Accepted Answer

A)  produced by ribosomes on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  chemically modified in the nucleus. 
C)  produced by the cell for internal use. 
D)  released from the cell through the plasma membrane. 
A)  produced by ribosomes on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. 
B)  chemically modified in the nucleus. 
C)  produced by the cell for internal use. 
D)  released from the cell through the plasma membrane.

Question 13

One centimeter = ________ millimeters.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.01 
B)  0.10 
C)  10 
D)  100 
A)  0.01 
B)  0.10 
C)  10 
D)  100

Question 14

Which part of the mitochondrion shown enhances its ability to produce ATP by increasing the surface area of a mitochondrial membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  structure A 
B)  structure B 
C)  structure C 
D)  structure D 
A)  structure A 
B)  structure B 
C)  structure C 
D)  structure D

Question 15

The complex of proteins and DNA in a nondividing cell is called

Accepted Answer

A)  chromatin. 
B)  a nucleolus. 
C)  a ribosome. 
D)  a lysosome. 
A)  chromatin. 
B)  a nucleolus. 
C)  a ribosome. 
D)  a lysosome.

Question 16

The function of mitochondria is

Accepted Answer

A)  cellular respiration. 
B)  lipid synthesis. 
C)  photosynthesis. 
D)  intracellular digestion. 
A)  cellular respiration. 
B)  lipid synthesis. 
C)  photosynthesis. 
D)  intracellular digestion.

Question 17

Tay-Sachs disease results from the malfunction of

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria. 
B)  lysosomes. 
C)  endoplasmic reticulum. 
D)  nucleoli. 
A)  mitochondria. 
B)  lysosomes. 
C)  endoplasmic reticulum. 
D)  nucleoli.

Question 18

Protein synthesis requires the use of mRNA, which

Accepted Answer

A)  is made in the nucleolus. 
B)  must be made by the ribosomes. 
C)  is translated by the ribosomes into the amino acid sequences of proteins. 
D)  carries the message to the nucleus to synthesize new DNA during cell division. 
A)  is made in the nucleolus. 
B)  must be made by the ribosomes. 
C)  is translated by the ribosomes into the amino acid sequences of proteins. 
D)  carries the message to the nucleus to synthesize new DNA during cell division.

Question 19

Which of the following structures is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  membrane-bound nucleus 
B)  nucleoid 
C)  chromosome 
D)  ribosomes 
A)  membrane-bound nucleus 
B)  nucleoid 
C)  chromosome 
D)  ribosomes

Question 20

Studies of the endomembrane system often involve the use of a protein that can emit a green fluorescence (glow). A researcher wants to make a video of cell behavior, so she initially labels the outer nuclear envelope of a cell with the fluorescent tag and records a video for several hours. Later, she sees that the tag is part of a transport vesicle very close to the plasma membrane.
-What likely happened during the intervening time?

Accepted Answer

A)  The outer membrane of the nucleus broke off and moved the fluorescent tag to the Golgi. 
B)  The endoplasmic reticulum engulfed the tagged protein and released it in a transport vacuole. 
C)  Material from the nucleus, including the tag, was being secreted outside the cell. 
D)  The tag was seen in the Golgi before being seen in a transport vacuole. 
A)  The outer membrane of the nucleus broke off and moved the fluorescent tag to the Golgi. 
B)  The endoplasmic reticulum engulfed the tagged protein and released it in a transport vacuole. 
C)  Material from the nucleus, including the tag, was being secreted outside the cell. 
D)  The tag was seen in the Golgi before being seen in a transport vacuole.

Exam 4: A Tour of the Cell

The ________ of a mitochondrion is/are an adaptation that increases the surface area and enhances a mitochondrion's ability to produce ATP.

Archaea are composed of ________ cells.

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is false?

Which of the following statements about electron microscopes is true?

Cyanide inhibits mitochondrial function; as a result, the rate of

The endosymbiosis hypothesis is supported by all of the following pieces of evidence except the fact that

Which of the following statements about cellular metabolism is false?

The Golgi apparatus

A scanning electron microscope is used to study ________, whereas a transmission electron microscope is used to study ________.

Microfilaments differ from microtubules in that microfilaments

Secretory proteins are

One centimeter = ________ millimeters.

Which part of the mitochondrion shown enhances its ability to produce ATP by increasing the surface area of a mitochondrial membrane?

The complex of proteins and DNA in a nondividing cell is called

The function of mitochondria is

Tay-Sachs disease results from the malfunction of

Protein synthesis requires the use of mRNA, which

Which of the following structures is exclusively associated with prokaryotic cells?

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

The Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

The Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

The Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

Filters

A scanning electron microscope is used to study , whereas a transmission electron microscope is used to study .