Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding the movement of electrons during cellular respiration is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Electrons tend to move away from O2. 
B)  O2 is eventually oxidized by the electrons to form water. 
C)  The electrons release large amounts of energy each time they are transferred from one molecule to another. 
D)  O2 is reduced when it accepts electrons and forms water. 
A)  Electrons tend to move away from O2. 
B)  O2 is eventually oxidized by the electrons to form water. 
C)  The electrons release large amounts of energy each time they are transferred from one molecule to another. 
D)  O2 is reduced when it accepts electrons and forms water.

Question 2

Which of the following is a result of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  production of CO2 
B)  conversion of glucose to two three-carbon compounds 
C)  a net loss of two ATPs per glucose molecule 
D)  conversion of NADH to NAD+ 
A)  production of CO2 
B)  conversion of glucose to two three-carbon compounds 
C)  a net loss of two ATPs per glucose molecule 
D)  conversion of NADH to NAD+

Question 3

If ATP accumulates in a cell

Accepted Answer

A)  the cell receives a signal that there is a need for more energy. 
B)  feedback inhibition speeds up cellular respiration. 
C)  feedback inhibition slows down cellular respiration. 
D)  the rate of cellular respiration does not change. 
A)  the cell receives a signal that there is a need for more energy. 
B)  feedback inhibition speeds up cellular respiration. 
C)  feedback inhibition slows down cellular respiration. 
D)  the rate of cellular respiration does not change.

Question 4

Arsenic is a poison that binds to a molecule needed to build acetyl CoA. Based on this information, which part of cellular respiration would be stopped if arsenic were ingested?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis 
B)  citric acid cycle 
C)  electron transport chain 
D)  ATP synthase 
A)  glycolysis 
B)  citric acid cycle 
C)  electron transport chain 
D)  ATP synthase

Question 5

In yeast cells

Accepted Answer

A)  lactic acid is produced during anaerobic respiration. 
B)  lactic acid is produced during glycolysis. 
C)  alcohol is produced during the citric acid cycle. 
D)  alcohol is produced after glycolysis. 
A)  lactic acid is produced during anaerobic respiration. 
B)  lactic acid is produced during glycolysis. 
C)  alcohol is produced during the citric acid cycle. 
D)  alcohol is produced after glycolysis.

Question 6

People who have phenylketonuria, a genetic disorder, are unable to break down the amino acid phenylalanine so that it can be used in cellular respiration. Yet they need phenylalanine in their diet. Why do they need to eat some foods with phenylalanine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amino acids yield the most energy per gram, so they need phenylalanine to supply their cells with energy. 
B)  Amino acids are used to build proteins and so they need enough phenylalanine for biosynthesis without any leftover that needs to be broken down to enter cellular respiration. 
C)  Cellular respiration can use proteins more readily than other types of molecules, so the amino acid phenylalanine is essential. 
A)  Amino acids yield the most energy per gram, so they need phenylalanine to supply their cells with energy. 
B)  Amino acids are used to build proteins and so they need enough phenylalanine for biosynthesis without any leftover that needs to be broken down to enter cellular respiration. 
C)  Cellular respiration can use proteins more readily than other types of molecules, so the amino acid phenylalanine is essential.

Question 7

By-products of cellular respiration include

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen and heat. 
B)  carbon dioxide and water. 
C)  FADH2 and NADH. 
D)  NADH and ATP. 
A)  oxygen and heat. 
B)  carbon dioxide and water. 
C)  FADH2 and NADH. 
D)  NADH and ATP.

Question 8

The antibiotic oligomycin works by inhibiting ATP synthase. You would expect that

Accepted Answer

A)  there will be an increase in ATP production. 
B)  H+ will accumulate in the intermembrane space. 
C)  H+ will accumulate in the mitochondrial matrix. 
D)  NAD+ and FAD will pick up the extra H+. 
A)  there will be an increase in ATP production. 
B)  H+ will accumulate in the intermembrane space. 
C)  H+ will accumulate in the mitochondrial matrix. 
D)  NAD+ and FAD will pick up the extra H+.

Question 9

The energy yield from the breakdown of a single molecule of glucose does not depend upon

Accepted Answer

A)  whether the NADH produced in glycolysis passes its electrons across the mitochondrial membrane to NAD+ or FAD. 
B)  the supply of oxygen. 
C)  the supply of carbon dioxide. 
D)  whether some of the energy of the H+ gradient is used for work other than ATP production. 
A)  whether the NADH produced in glycolysis passes its electrons across the mitochondrial membrane to NAD+ or FAD. 
B)  the supply of oxygen. 
C)  the supply of carbon dioxide. 
D)  whether some of the energy of the H+ gradient is used for work other than ATP production.

Question 10

The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary. During these energy conversions, some energy is

Accepted Answer

A)  lost in the form of heat. 
B)  used to create light. 
C)  destroyed when the chemical bonds of glucose are made. 
D)  saved in the chemical bonds of water, CO2, and O2. 
A)  lost in the form of heat. 
B)  used to create light. 
C)  destroyed when the chemical bonds of glucose are made. 
D)  saved in the chemical bonds of water, CO2, and O2.

Question 11

In biological systems, an important enzyme involved in the regulation of redox reactions is

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose. 
B)  dehydrogenase. 
C)  oxygen. 
D)  ATP. 
A)  glucose. 
B)  dehydrogenase. 
C)  oxygen. 
D)  ATP.

Question 12

Which of the following statements regarding glycolysis is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic process because it does not require oxygen. 
B)  Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic process because it is not located in a membrane-bound organelle. 
C)  Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic system because it occurs universally. 
D)  Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic system because it is the most efficient metabolic pathway for ATP synthesis. 
A)  Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic process because it does not require oxygen. 
B)  Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic process because it is not located in a membrane-bound organelle. 
C)  Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic system because it occurs universally. 
D)  Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic system because it is the most efficient metabolic pathway for ATP synthesis.

Question 13

During chemiosmosis,

Accepted Answer

A)  energy is released as H+ ions move freely across mitochondrial membranes. 
B)  ATP is synthesized when H+ ions move through a channel in ATP synthase. 
C)  a concentration gradient is generated when large numbers of H+ ions are passively transported from the matrix of the mitochondrion to the mitochondrion's intermembrane space. 
D)  H+ ions serve as the final electron acceptor. 
A)  energy is released as H+ ions move freely across mitochondrial membranes. 
B)  ATP is synthesized when H+ ions move through a channel in ATP synthase. 
C)  a concentration gradient is generated when large numbers of H+ ions are passively transported from the matrix of the mitochondrion to the mitochondrion's intermembrane space. 
D)  H+ ions serve as the final electron acceptor.

Question 14

Oxidation is the ________, and reduction is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  gain of electrons; loss of electrons 
B)  loss of electrons; gain of electrons 
C)  gain of oxygen; loss of oxygen 
D)  gain of protons; loss of protons 
A)  gain of electrons; loss of electrons 
B)  loss of electrons; gain of electrons 
C)  gain of oxygen; loss of oxygen 
D)  gain of protons; loss of protons

Question 15

A culture of bacteria is fed glucose containing radioactive carbon and is then examined. During the citric acid cycle, radioactive carbon would first appear in

Accepted Answer

A)  NADH. 
B)  citrate. 
C)  oxaloacetate. 
D)  CO2. 
A)  NADH. 
B)  citrate. 
C)  oxaloacetate. 
D)  CO2.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the inner mitochondrial membrane is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP synthase is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. 
B)  The inner mitochondrial membrane plays a role in the production of pyruvate. 
C)  Electron carriers are found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. 
D)  A gradient of H+ exists across the inner mitochondrial membrane. 
A)  ATP synthase is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. 
B)  The inner mitochondrial membrane plays a role in the production of pyruvate. 
C)  Electron carriers are found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. 
D)  A gradient of H+ exists across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Question 17

Pyruvate

Accepted Answer

A)  forms at the end of glycolysis. 
B)  is the molecule that starts the citric acid cycle. 
C)  is the end product of oxidative phosphorylation. 
D)  is a six-carbon molecule. 
A)  forms at the end of glycolysis. 
B)  is the molecule that starts the citric acid cycle. 
C)  is the end product of oxidative phosphorylation. 
D)  is a six-carbon molecule.

Question 18

Which of the following statements regarding the chemical grooming of pyruvate is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two molecules of pyruvate are each converted into two-carbon molecules joined to a coenzyme A molecule. 
B)  Each pyruvate loses a carbon atom, which is released as CO2. 
C)  Two pyruvate molecules together contain less chemical energy than was found in the original glucose molecule. 
D)  Each pyruvate molecule has a CO2 added and then joins with an NADH. 
A)  Two molecules of pyruvate are each converted into two-carbon molecules joined to a coenzyme A molecule. 
B)  Each pyruvate loses a carbon atom, which is released as CO2. 
C)  Two pyruvate molecules together contain less chemical energy than was found in the original glucose molecule. 
D)  Each pyruvate molecule has a CO2 added and then joins with an NADH.

Question 19

A mutant protist is found in which some mitochondria lack an inner mitochondrial membrane. Which of the following pathways would be completely disrupted in these mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidative phosphorylation 
B)  alcoholic fermentation 
C)  glycolysis 
A)  oxidative phosphorylation 
B)  alcoholic fermentation 
C)  glycolysis

Question 20

Which of the following organisms can make organic molecules from water and carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

A)  bear 
B)  mushroom 
C)  wheat 
D)  crayfish 
A)  bear 
B)  mushroom 
C)  wheat 
D)  crayfish

Exam 6: How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Which of the following statements regarding the movement of electrons during cellular respiration is true?

Which of the following is a result of glycolysis?

If ATP accumulates in a cell

Arsenic is a poison that binds to a molecule needed to build acetyl CoA. Based on this information, which part of cellular respiration would be stopped if arsenic were ingested?

In yeast cells

People who have phenylketonuria, a genetic disorder, are unable to break down the amino acid phenylalanine so that it can be used in cellular respiration. Yet they need phenylalanine in their diet. Why do they need to eat some foods with phenylalanine?

By-products of cellular respiration include

The antibiotic oligomycin works by inhibiting ATP synthase. You would expect that

The energy yield from the breakdown of a single molecule of glucose does not depend upon

The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are complementary. During these energy conversions, some energy is

In biological systems, an important enzyme involved in the regulation of redox reactions is

Which of the following statements regarding glycolysis is false?

During chemiosmosis,

Oxidation is the ________, and reduction is the ________.

A culture of bacteria is fed glucose containing radioactive carbon and is then examined. During the citric acid cycle, radioactive carbon would first appear in

Which of the following statements about the inner mitochondrial membrane is false?

Pyruvate

Which of the following statements regarding the chemical grooming of pyruvate is false?

A mutant protist is found in which some mitochondria lack an inner mitochondrial membrane. Which of the following pathways would be completely disrupted in these mitochondria?

Which of the following organisms can make organic molecules from water and carbon dioxide?

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

The Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

The Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

The Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Conservation Biology

Filters

Oxidation is the , and reduction is the .