Question 1

What would be the expected result of a lysine residue being substituted with a serine residue in the BPG binding site of hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

A)  BPG would bind more tightly because of the loss of a positive charge. 
B)  BPG would bind more tightly because of the gain of a positive charge. 
C)  BPG would bind less tightly because of the loss of a positive charge. 
D)  BPG would bind less tightly because of the gain of a positive charge. 
E)  This substitution would have no effect on the binding of BPG. 
A)  BPG would bind more tightly because of the loss of a positive charge. 
B)  BPG would bind more tightly because of the gain of a positive charge. 
C)  BPG would bind less tightly because of the loss of a positive charge. 
D)  BPG would bind less tightly because of the gain of a positive charge. 
E)  This substitution would have no effect on the binding of BPG.

Question 2

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-____________: The substance produced when carbon dioxide reacts with water.

Accepted Answer

A) cooperative 
B) oxygen 
C) fMRI 
D) carbamate 
E) histidine
F)hyperbolic
G)myoglobin
H)bicarbonate ion
I)sickle-cell anemia
J)protoporphyrin
K)fetal
L)carbonic acid 
A) cooperative 
B) oxygen 
C) fMRI 
D) carbamate 
E) histidine
F)hyperbolic
G)myoglobin
H)bicarbonate ion
I)sickle-cell anemia
J)protoporphyrin
K)fetal
L)carbonic acid

Question 3

The ability of myoglobin to bind oxygen depends on the presence of a bound prosthetic group called _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ability of myoglobin to bind oxygen...

Question 4

The T state of hemoglobin is stabilized by a salt bridge between β1 Asp 94 and the C-terminal _____________ of the β1 chain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The T state of hemoglobin is stabilized...

Question 5

The structure of normal adult hemoglobin can be described as:

Accepted Answer

A)  a tetramer composed of four myoglobin molecules. 
B)  a tetramer composed of two αβ dimers. 
C)  a tetramer composed of two α2 and two β2 dimers. 
D)  a tetramer composed of two α2 and two γ2 dimers. 
E)  None of these accurately describe hemoglobin. 
A)  a tetramer composed of four myoglobin molecules. 
B)  a tetramer composed of two αβ dimers. 
C)  a tetramer composed of two α2 and two β2 dimers. 
D)  a tetramer composed of two α2 and two γ2 dimers. 
E)  None of these accurately describe hemoglobin.

Question 6

Briefly describe the cause of sickle-cell anemia.

Accepted Answer

Sickle-cell anemia is a genetic disorder

Question 7

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-____________: The type of binding that is indicated by a sigmoidal-shaped binding curve.

Accepted Answer

A) cooperative 
B) oxygen 
C) fMRI 
D) carbamate 
E) histidine
F)hyperbolic
G)myoglobin
H)bicarbonate ion
I)sickle-cell anemia
J)protoporphyrin
K)fetal
L)carbonic acid 
A) cooperative 
B) oxygen 
C) fMRI 
D) carbamate 
E) histidine
F)hyperbolic
G)myoglobin
H)bicarbonate ion
I)sickle-cell anemia
J)protoporphyrin
K)fetal
L)carbonic acid

Question 8

Carbon dioxide reacts with the amino-terminal groups of hemoglobin to form carbamate groups, which carry a(n) _____________ charge.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carbon dioxide reacts with the amino-terminal groups...

Question 9

Use the following to answer questions
Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-____________: The organic portion of the heme group in hemoglobin.

Accepted Answer

A) cooperative 
B) oxygen 
C) fMRI 
D) carbamate 
E) histidine
F)hyperbolic
G)myoglobin
H)bicarbonate ion
I)sickle-cell anemia
J)protoporphyrin
K)fetal
L)carbonic acid 
A) cooperative 
B) oxygen 
C) fMRI 
D) carbamate 
E) histidine
F)hyperbolic
G)myoglobin
H)bicarbonate ion
I)sickle-cell anemia
J)protoporphyrin
K)fetal
L)carbonic acid

Question 10

In normal adult hemoglobin, HbA, the β6 position is a glutamate residue, whereas in sickle-cell hemoglobin, HbS, it is a(n) _____________ residue.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In normal adult hemoglobin, HbA, the β6...

Question 11

Describe how carbon dioxide affects the oxygenation of hemoglobin.

Accepted Answer

Increased levels of carbon dioxide cause

Question 12

Which of the following is correct concerning the oxygenation plot of proteins X and Y, shown below?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protein Y exhibits tighter oxygen binding than does protein X. 
B)  Protein Y corresponds to fetal hemoglobin; protein X corresponds to normal adult hemoglobin. 
C)  Protein X corresponds to fetal hemoglobin; protein Y corresponds to normal adult hemoglobin. 
D)  Protein X corresponds to myoglobin; protein Y corresponds to hemoglobin. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  Protein Y exhibits tighter oxygen binding than does protein X. 
B)  Protein Y corresponds to fetal hemoglobin; protein X corresponds to normal adult hemoglobin. 
C)  Protein X corresponds to fetal hemoglobin; protein Y corresponds to normal adult hemoglobin. 
D)  Protein X corresponds to myoglobin; protein Y corresponds to hemoglobin. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 13

Describe the role of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate in the function of hemoglobin.

Accepted Answer

2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG), is a

Question 14

Under normal conditions, the heme iron in myoglobin and hemoglobin is in the _____________ oxidation state.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Under normal conditions, the heme iron in...

Question 15

Sickle-cell anemia is caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  a decreased production of α chains of hemoglobin. 
B)  a substitution of a glutamic acid residue for a phenylalanine residue at the β6 position. 
C)  the loss of the heme group because the proximal His is oxidized. 
D)  a substitution of a valine residue for a glutamic acid residue at the β6 position. 
E)  a substitution of glutamic acid residue for histidine at the C terminal of the α chain. 
A)  a decreased production of α chains of hemoglobin. 
B)  a substitution of a glutamic acid residue for a phenylalanine residue at the β6 position. 
C)  the loss of the heme group because the proximal His is oxidized. 
D)  a substitution of a valine residue for a glutamic acid residue at the β6 position. 
E)  a substitution of glutamic acid residue for histidine at the C terminal of the α chain.

Question 16

Briefly describe cooperative binding.

Accepted Answer

Cooperative binding occurs in multi-subu

Question 17

Which of the following is correct concerning the following equilibria? CO2 + H2OH2CO3

Accepted Answer

A)  An increase in the pressure of CO2 will result in a decrease of pH. 
B)  This reaction is catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase. 
C)  The H2CO3 dissociates to H+ and bicarbonate ion, HCO3−. 
D)  The majority of CO2 is transported to the lungs in the form of HCO3−. 
E)  All of the above. 
A)  An increase in the pressure of CO2 will result in a decrease of pH. 
B)  This reaction is catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase. 
C)  The H2CO3 dissociates to H+ and bicarbonate ion, HCO3−. 
D)  The majority of CO2 is transported to the lungs in the form of HCO3−. 
E)  All of the above.

Question 18

Which of the following is not correct concerning the oxygenation plot of proteins X and Y, shown below?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protein X exhibits tighter oxygen binding than protein Y. 
B)  Protein Y would function as a better transport protein than protein X. 
C)  Protein X exhibits cooperative binding; Y does not. 
D)  Protein X corresponds to myoglobin; protein Y corresponds to hemoglobin. 
E)  Protein Y contains multiple binding sites. 
A)  Protein X exhibits tighter oxygen binding than protein Y. 
B)  Protein Y would function as a better transport protein than protein X. 
C)  Protein X exhibits cooperative binding; Y does not. 
D)  Protein X corresponds to myoglobin; protein Y corresponds to hemoglobin. 
E)  Protein Y contains multiple binding sites.

Question 19

Carbon dioxide forms carbamate groups in proteins by reaction with:

Accepted Answer

A)  aspartate residues. 
B)  cysteine residues. 
C)  N-terminal amino groups. 
D)  tyrosine residues. 
E)  heme groups. 
A)  aspartate residues. 
B)  cysteine residues. 
C)  N-terminal amino groups. 
D)  tyrosine residues. 
E)  heme groups.

Question 20

Describe the chemical basis of the Bohr effect.

Accepted Answer

The effect observed by Christian Bohr is

Exam 9: Hemoglobin: an Allosteric Protein

What would be the expected result of a lysine residue being substituted with a serine residue in the BPG binding site of hemoglobin?

Use the following to answer questions Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________: The substance produced when carbon dioxide reacts with water.

The ability of myoglobin to bind oxygen depends on the presence of a bound prosthetic group called _____________.

The T state of hemoglobin is stabilized by a salt bridge between β1 Asp 94 and the C-terminal _____________ of the β1 chain.

The structure of normal adult hemoglobin can be described as:

Briefly describe the cause of sickle-cell anemia.

Use the following to answer questions Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________: The type of binding that is indicated by a sigmoidal-shaped binding curve.

Carbon dioxide reacts with the amino-terminal groups of hemoglobin to form carbamate groups, which carry a(n) _____________ charge.

Use the following to answer questions Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________: The organic portion of the heme group in hemoglobin.

In normal adult hemoglobin, HbA, the β6 position is a glutamate residue, whereas in sickle-cell hemoglobin, HbS, it is a(n) _____________ residue.

Describe how carbon dioxide affects the oxygenation of hemoglobin.

Which of the following is correct concerning the oxygenation plot of proteins X and Y, shown below?

Describe the role of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate in the function of hemoglobin.

Under normal conditions, the heme iron in myoglobin and hemoglobin is in the _____________ oxidation state.

Sickle-cell anemia is caused by:

Briefly describe cooperative binding.

Which of the following is correct concerning the following equilibria? CO2 + H2OH2CO3

Which of the following is not correct concerning the oxygenation plot of proteins X and Y, shown below?

Carbon dioxide forms carbamate groups in proteins by reaction with:

Describe the chemical basis of the Bohr effect.

Biochemistry and the Unity of Life

Water, Weak Bonds, and the Generation of Order Out of Chaos

Amino Acids

Protein Three-Dimensional Structure

Techniques in Protein Biochemistry

Basic Concepts of Enzyme Action

Kinetics and Regulation

Mechanisms and Inhibitors

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Membrane Structure and Function

Signal Transduction Pathways

Digestion: Turning a Meal Into Cellular Biochemicals

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis

Gluconeogenesis

Preparation for the Cycle

Harvesting Electrons From the Cycle

The Electron Transport Chain

The Proton-Motive Force

The Light Reactions

The Calvin Cycle

Glycogen Degradation

Glycogen Synthesis

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Degredation

Fatty Acid Synthesis

Lipid Synthesis

Amino Acid Degradation and the Urea Cycle

Amino Acids Synthesis

Nucleotide Metabolism

The Structure of Informational Macromolecules: Dna and Rna

DNA Replication

DNA Repair and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

RNA Processing in Eukaryotes

The Genetic Code

The Mechanism of Protein Synthesis

Recombinant Dna Techniques

Filters