Question 1

Photoautotrophs include _________.

Accepted Answer

A) plants 
B) eukaryotic algae 
C) various flagellated protists 
D) members of several groups of prokaryotes 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) plants 
B) eukaryotic algae 
C) various flagellated protists 
D) members of several groups of prokaryotes 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 2

To what type of molecule does pheophytin pass its photoexcited electron?

Accepted Answer

A) theophyllin 
B) plastoquinone 
C) another pheophytin 
D) xanthophylls 
E) succinate dehydrogenase 
A) theophyllin 
B) plastoquinone 
C) another pheophytin 
D) xanthophylls 
E) succinate dehydrogenase

Question 3

Where are the enzymes that synthesize carbohydrates located?

Accepted Answer

A) grana 
B) thylakoids 
C) the lumen 
D) stroma 
E) chloroplast envelope 
A) grana 
B) thylakoids 
C) the lumen 
D) stroma 
E) chloroplast envelope

Question 4

Photosynthetic light absorption occurs in large pigment-protein complexes called __________.

Accepted Answer

A) pigmentoses 
B) pigmentosystems 
C) antennoids 
D) photoids 
E) photosystems 
A) pigmentoses 
B) pigmentosystems 
C) antennoids 
D) photoids 
E) photosystems

Question 5

Why is the conversion of CO2 to a 6-carbon sugar so energetically expensive?

Accepted Answer

A) CO2 is the most highly reduced and least energetic form in which carbon can occur. 
B) CO2 is very unstable. 
C) CO2 is the most highly oxidized and least energetic form in which carbon can occur. 
D) CO2 is the most highly oxidized and most energetic form in which carbon can occur. 
E) CO2 is highly unstable and only moderately energetic which makes the process more expensive energetically. 
A) CO2 is the most highly reduced and least energetic form in which carbon can occur. 
B) CO2 is very unstable. 
C) CO2 is the most highly oxidized and least energetic form in which carbon can occur. 
D) CO2 is the most highly oxidized and most energetic form in which carbon can occur. 
E) CO2 is highly unstable and only moderately energetic which makes the process more expensive energetically.

Question 6

The raw materials that the earliest forms of life on Earth used for nutrients were produced ______.

Accepted Answer

A) artificially 
B) biotically 
C) abiotically 
D) supernaturally 
E) quickly 
A) artificially 
B) biotically 
C) abiotically 
D) supernaturally 
E) quickly

Question 7

To what organelle is glycolate passed after it is produced in the chloroplast?

Accepted Answer

A) the peroxisome 
B) the glyoxysome 
C) the lysosome 
D) the Golgi apparatus 
E) the rough endoplasmic reticulum 
A) the peroxisome 
B) the glyoxysome 
C) the lysosome 
D) the Golgi apparatus 
E) the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

Organisms that depend on an external source of organic compounds are called _________.

Accepted Answer

A) autotrophs 
B) heterotrophs 
C) chemotrophs 
D) phototrophs 
E) externotrophs 
A) autotrophs 
B) heterotrophs 
C) chemotrophs 
D) phototrophs 
E) externotrophs

Question 9

What metabolic process below do all eukaryotic green algae and higher plants have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) glycolysis 
B) photosynthesis 
C) transcription 
D) translation 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) glycolysis 
B) photosynthesis 
C) transcription 
D) translation 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 10

The reduction of ________ is accomplished with electrons passed through ferredoxin;this substance then reduces certain _______ in selected Calvin cycle enzymes.

Accepted Answer

A) thioredoxin,disulfide bridges 
B) thioredoxin,sulfhydryl groups 
C) sulfhydryl groups,thioredoxin 
D) disulfide bridges,thioredoxin 
E) thioredoxin,hydrogen bonds 
A) thioredoxin,disulfide bridges 
B) thioredoxin,sulfhydryl groups 
C) sulfhydryl groups,thioredoxin 
D) disulfide bridges,thioredoxin 
E) thioredoxin,hydrogen bonds

Question 11

Why are organisms that presently use hydrogen sulfide as an electron source limited in their distribution and importance?

Accepted Answer

A) It is more efficient. 
B) They are smaller. 
C) Hydrogen sulfide is abundant and widespread. 
D) Hydrogen sulfide is neither abundant nor widespread. 
E) In the current environment,hydrogen sulfide combines with silicon dioxide inactivating it. 
A) It is more efficient. 
B) They are smaller. 
C) Hydrogen sulfide is abundant and widespread. 
D) Hydrogen sulfide is neither abundant nor widespread. 
E) In the current environment,hydrogen sulfide combines with silicon dioxide inactivating it.

Question 12

Flattened membranous structures that connect the thylakoids of different grana are known as ______.

Accepted Answer

A) grana thylakoids 
B) stroma thylakoids 
C) grana 
D) lumen 
E) stroma 
A) grana thylakoids 
B) stroma thylakoids 
C) grana 
D) lumen 
E) stroma

Question 13

How did the evolution of photosynthesis set the stage for the evolution of aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

A) Photosynthesis produces a waste product (carbon dioxide)that led to the evolution of aerobic respiration. 
B) Photosynthesis produces a waste product (oxygen)that led to the evolution of aerobic respiration. 
C) Photosynthesis uses carbon monoxide in the atmosphere. 
D) Photosynthesis produces a waste product (sulfur)that led to the evolution of aerobic respiration. 
E) Photosynthesis inhibits glycolysis. 
A) Photosynthesis produces a waste product (carbon dioxide)that led to the evolution of aerobic respiration. 
B) Photosynthesis produces a waste product (oxygen)that led to the evolution of aerobic respiration. 
C) Photosynthesis uses carbon monoxide in the atmosphere. 
D) Photosynthesis produces a waste product (sulfur)that led to the evolution of aerobic respiration. 
E) Photosynthesis inhibits glycolysis.

Question 14

Which molecule carries electrons to the luminal side of the positively charged PSI reaction center where they are transferred to pigment P700+,the positively charged reaction-center pigment of PSI?

Accepted Answer

A) cytochrome b6f 
B) plastocyanin 
C) phytochrome 
D) cytochrome c 
E) oxygen 
A) cytochrome b6f 
B) plastocyanin 
C) phytochrome 
D) cytochrome c 
E) oxygen

Question 15

Why are plants unlikely to produce many carbohydrates at night?

Accepted Answer

A) Selected Calvin cycle enzymes are inactive in the dark because they denature at night. 
B) Selected Calvin cycle enzymes are immobilized at night. 
C) Chloroplasts shrink at night. 
D) Selected Calvin cycle enzymes are inactive in the dark because thioredoxin is oxidized and cannot reduce their disulfide linkages. 
E) Selected Calvin cycle enzymes are inactive in the dark because thioredoxin is reduced and can break their disulfide linkages. 
A) Selected Calvin cycle enzymes are inactive in the dark because they denature at night. 
B) Selected Calvin cycle enzymes are immobilized at night. 
C) Chloroplasts shrink at night. 
D) Selected Calvin cycle enzymes are inactive in the dark because thioredoxin is oxidized and cannot reduce their disulfide linkages. 
E) Selected Calvin cycle enzymes are inactive in the dark because thioredoxin is reduced and can break their disulfide linkages.

Question 16

Chloroplasts were discovered as the site of photosynthesis in an ingenious experiment.What was it?

Accepted Answer

A) Oxygen could be seen as it was produced in chloroplasts. 
B) Chloroplasts were seen to swell in the presence of sunlight. 
C) Spirogyra in the dark shrank and their chloroplast disappeared. 
D) When Spirogyra was illuminated,actively moving bacteria gathered outside the cell near its large ribbon-like chloroplast to use the oxygen produced there for aerobic respiration. 
E) None of these are correct. 
A) Oxygen could be seen as it was produced in chloroplasts. 
B) Chloroplasts were seen to swell in the presence of sunlight. 
C) Spirogyra in the dark shrank and their chloroplast disappeared. 
D) When Spirogyra was illuminated,actively moving bacteria gathered outside the cell near its large ribbon-like chloroplast to use the oxygen produced there for aerobic respiration. 
E) None of these are correct.

Question 17

How do C4 plants manage to cause CO2 fixation to be favored over photorespiration?

Accepted Answer

A) They can generate high [CO2]/[O2] ratios in the local Rubisco environment. 
B) They can generate low [CO2]/[O2] ratios in the local Rubisco environment. 
C) They destroy the cell wall. 
D) They convert CO2 to O2. 
E) They can generate high [CO2]/[O2] ratios in the local PEP carboxylase environment. 
A) They can generate high [CO2]/[O2] ratios in the local Rubisco environment. 
B) They can generate low [CO2]/[O2] ratios in the local Rubisco environment. 
C) They destroy the cell wall. 
D) They convert CO2 to O2. 
E) They can generate high [CO2]/[O2] ratios in the local PEP carboxylase environment.

Question 18

When a photon of light is absorbed by a molecule,pushing an electron to a higher energy state,it gives off light or fluoresces if the electron drops down to its ground state.Why is the light given off as fluorescence always of longer wavelength than the light absorbed?

Accepted Answer

Longer wavelength light has lower energy

Question 19

Starch stored as granules in the chloroplasts serves what purpose?

Accepted Answer

A) It causes plant cells to swell. 
B) It provides plants with sugars at night when light-dependent reactions are not possible. 
C) It provides plants with cellulose during the day. 
D) It supplies plants with ribulose bisphosphate. 
E) It causes plant cells to shrink. 
A) It causes plant cells to swell. 
B) It provides plants with sugars at night when light-dependent reactions are not possible. 
C) It provides plants with cellulose during the day. 
D) It supplies plants with ribulose bisphosphate. 
E) It causes plant cells to shrink.

Question 20

What waste product of photolysis is released to the environment?

Accepted Answer

A) carbon dioxide 
B) water 
C) oxygen 
D) ammonia 
E) precipitated manganese 
A) carbon dioxide 
B) water 
C) oxygen 
D) ammonia 
E) precipitated manganese

Photoautotrophs include _________.

To what type of molecule does pheophytin pass its photoexcited electron?

Where are the enzymes that synthesize carbohydrates located?

Photosynthetic light absorption occurs in large pigment-protein complexes called __________.

Why is the conversion of CO₂ to a 6-carbon sugar so energetically expensive?

The raw materials that the earliest forms of life on Earth used for nutrients were produced ______.

To what organelle is glycolate passed after it is produced in the chloroplast?

Organisms that depend on an external source of organic compounds are called _________.

What metabolic process below do all eukaryotic green algae and higher plants have in common?

The reduction of __ is accomplished with electrons passed through ferredoxin;this substance then reduces certain _ in selected Calvin cycle enzymes.

Why are organisms that presently use hydrogen sulfide as an electron source limited in their distribution and importance?

Flattened membranous structures that connect the thylakoids of different grana are known as ______.

How did the evolution of photosynthesis set the stage for the evolution of aerobic respiration?

Which molecule carries electrons to the luminal side of the positively charged PSI reaction center where they are transferred to pigment P700⁺,the positively charged reaction-center pigment of PSI?

Why are plants unlikely to produce many carbohydrates at night?

Chloroplasts were discovered as the site of photosynthesis in an ingenious experiment.What was it?

How do C₄ plants manage to cause CO₂ fixation to be favored over photorespiration?

When a photon of light is absorbed by a molecule,pushing an electron to a higher energy state,it gives off light or fluoresces if the electron drops down to its ground state.Why is the light given off as fluorescence always of longer wavelength than the light absorbed?

Starch stored as granules in the chloroplasts serves what purpose?

What waste product of photolysis is released to the environment?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes, and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 6: Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Photoautotrophs include _________.

To what type of molecule does pheophytin pass its photoexcited electron?

Where are the enzymes that synthesize carbohydrates located?

Photosynthetic light absorption occurs in large pigment-protein complexes called __________.

Why is the conversion of CO2 to a 6-carbon sugar so energetically expensive?

The raw materials that the earliest forms of life on Earth used for nutrients were produced ______.

To what organelle is glycolate passed after it is produced in the chloroplast?

Organisms that depend on an external source of organic compounds are called _________.

What metabolic process below do all eukaryotic green algae and higher plants have in common?

The reduction of ________ is accomplished with electrons passed through ferredoxin;this substance then reduces certain _______ in selected Calvin cycle enzymes.

Why are organisms that presently use hydrogen sulfide as an electron source limited in their distribution and importance?

Flattened membranous structures that connect the thylakoids of different grana are known as ______.

How did the evolution of photosynthesis set the stage for the evolution of aerobic respiration?

Which molecule carries electrons to the luminal side of the positively charged PSI reaction center where they are transferred to pigment P700+,the positively charged reaction-center pigment of PSI?

Why are plants unlikely to produce many carbohydrates at night?

Chloroplasts were discovered as the site of photosynthesis in an ingenious experiment.What was it?

How do C4 plants manage to cause CO2 fixation to be favored over photorespiration?

When a photon of light is absorbed by a molecule,pushing an electron to a higher energy state,it gives off light or fluoresces if the electron drops down to its ground state.Why is the light given off as fluorescence always of longer wavelength than the light absorbed?

Starch stored as granules in the chloroplasts serves what purpose?

What waste product of photolysis is released to the environment?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes, and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Why is the conversion of CO₂ to a 6-carbon sugar so energetically expensive?

The reduction of __ is accomplished with electrons passed through ferredoxin;this substance then reduces certain _ in selected Calvin cycle enzymes.

Which molecule carries electrons to the luminal side of the positively charged PSI reaction center where they are transferred to pigment P700⁺,the positively charged reaction-center pigment of PSI?

How do C₄ plants manage to cause CO₂ fixation to be favored over photorespiration?