Question 1

What is the name for tiny regulatory RNAs that negatively regulate the expression of target mRNAs?

Accepted Answer

A) tRNAs 
B) microRNAs 
C) mtRNAs 
D) macroRNAs 
E) rRNAs 
A) tRNAs 
B) microRNAs 
C) mtRNAs 
D) macroRNAs 
E) rRNAs

Question 2

If any of the proteins involved in mismatch repair are damaged,the mutation rate and cancer risk will rise; this is called the ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) stability phenotype 
B) mutator phenotype 
C) mutator genotype 
D) alteration phenotype 
E) alteration genotype 
A) stability phenotype 
B) mutator phenotype 
C) mutator genotype 
D) alteration phenotype 
E) alteration genotype

Question 3

What is the oncogene that is most often mutated in human tumors and what does it encode?

Accepted Answer

A) the RAS gene,a GTP-binding protein that serves as an on-off switch for a key cell signaling pathway that controls cell proliferation 
B) the RAS gene,a DNA polymerase that replicates DNA for dividing cells 
C) the MYC gene,an RNA polymerase that transcribes mRNA encoding proteins needed for cell division 
D) the RB gene,a GTP-binding protein that serves as an on-off switch for a key cell signaling pathway that controls cell proliferation 
E) the MYC gene,a protein kinase that enhances cell differentiation 
A) the RAS gene,a GTP-binding protein that serves as an on-off switch for a key cell signaling pathway that controls cell proliferation 
B) the RAS gene,a DNA polymerase that replicates DNA for dividing cells 
C) the MYC gene,an RNA polymerase that transcribes mRNA encoding proteins needed for cell division 
D) the RB gene,a GTP-binding protein that serves as an on-off switch for a key cell signaling pathway that controls cell proliferation 
E) the MYC gene,a protein kinase that enhances cell differentiation

Question 4

Who made the first known correlation between environmental agents and cancer development?

Accepted Answer

A) Harry Potter 
B) Percivall Pott 
C) Percival Lowell 
D) Charles Darwin 
E) Archibald Garrod 
A) Harry Potter 
B) Percivall Pott 
C) Percival Lowell 
D) Charles Darwin 
E) Archibald Garrod

Question 5

What is a humanized monoclonal antibody,as used in passive immunotherapy?

Accepted Answer

A) An antibody that is made by mouse cells and used in human cancer therapy 
B) A human antibody that is produced by one cancer patient and administered to another 
C) A human antibody with an antigen recognition surface of mouse origin 
D) An antibody that is introduced into mice by human researchers 
E) An antibody against a tumor antigen that is produced in healthy people 
A) An antibody that is made by mouse cells and used in human cancer therapy 
B) A human antibody that is produced by one cancer patient and administered to another 
C) A human antibody with an antigen recognition surface of mouse origin 
D) An antibody that is introduced into mice by human researchers 
E) An antibody against a tumor antigen that is produced in healthy people

Question 6

Which statement below is a correct statement about the abilities of normal cells and cancer cells to grow and divide when cultured under conditions favorable for cell proliferation?

Accepted Answer

A) Malignant cells grow and divide at a somewhat faster rate than normal cells. 
B) Normal cells grow and divide at a faster rate than malignant cells. 
C) Malignant and normal cells grow and divide at similar rates. 
D) Neither type of cell grows well in culture. 
E) Normal cells do not grow at all,while malignant cells grow very rapidly. 
A) Malignant cells grow and divide at a somewhat faster rate than normal cells. 
B) Normal cells grow and divide at a faster rate than malignant cells. 
C) Malignant and normal cells grow and divide at similar rates. 
D) Neither type of cell grows well in culture. 
E) Normal cells do not grow at all,while malignant cells grow very rapidly.

Question 7

Under what circumstances are tumor cells likely to undergo apoptosis when they have sustained damage to DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) if they have a functioning RP gene. 
B) if they have a functioning TP53 gene 
C) if they have a non-functioning RP gene. 
D) if they have a non-functioning TP53gene 
E) if they have a non-functioning BAX gene 
A) if they have a functioning RP gene. 
B) if they have a functioning TP53 gene 
C) if they have a non-functioning RP gene. 
D) if they have a non-functioning TP53gene 
E) if they have a non-functioning BAX gene

Question 8

What virus seems to be related to the development of Burkitt's lymphoma in African patients,while it is associated only with minor infections,like mononucleosis,in the Western world?

Accepted Answer

A) avian erythroblastosis virus 
B) simian sarcoma virus 
C) rhinovirus 
D) Epstein-Barr virus 
E) parvovirus 
A) avian erythroblastosis virus 
B) simian sarcoma virus 
C) rhinovirus 
D) Epstein-Barr virus 
E) parvovirus

Question 9

You culture cells and selectively block MYC gene expression.What is the effect on the cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Cell progression through the cycle continues unabated. 
B) Cell progression through G1 is blocked. 
C) The cells arrest in the middle of mitosis. 
D) The cells arrest in the middle of meiosis. 
E) The cells arrest in the middle of S phase. 
A) Cell progression through the cycle continues unabated. 
B) Cell progression through G1 is blocked. 
C) The cells arrest in the middle of mitosis. 
D) The cells arrest in the middle of meiosis. 
E) The cells arrest in the middle of S phase.

Question 10

_____________ is an inherited disease in which individuals develop many (hundreds or thousands)of premalignant polyps from epithelial cells lining the colon wall.

Accepted Answer

A) Familial adenomatous polyposis coli 
B) Familial hypercholesterolemia 
C) Inherited adenomitis 
D) Familial polypsoidemia 
E) Inherited polypoma intestines 
A) Familial adenomatous polyposis coli 
B) Familial hypercholesterolemia 
C) Inherited adenomitis 
D) Familial polypsoidemia 
E) Inherited polypoma intestines

Question 11

What is the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor?

Accepted Answer

Both benign and malignant tumo

Question 12

Because they act to _______ tumorigenesis,the miR-15a and miR-16 miRNAs can be thought of as _________.

Accepted Answer

A) enhance,tumor suppressors 
B) inhibit,oncogenes 
C) enhance,oncogenes 
D) inhibit,tumor suppressors 
E) delete,parts of the mismatch repair mechanism 
A) enhance,tumor suppressors 
B) inhibit,oncogenes 
C) enhance,oncogenes 
D) inhibit,tumor suppressors 
E) delete,parts of the mismatch repair mechanism

Question 13

What do all of the environmental agents that can cause cancer have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) They can all alter the genome. 
B) They are all soluble in water. 
C) They are all made of nucleic acids. 
D) They are all made of amino acids. 
E) They all can alter proteins present in the cell cytoplasm that are responsible for the onset of cancer. 
A) They can all alter the genome. 
B) They are all soluble in water. 
C) They are all made of nucleic acids. 
D) They are all made of amino acids. 
E) They all can alter proteins present in the cell cytoplasm that are responsible for the onset of cancer.

Question 14

Which one of the following viruses does not appear to be linked to human cancers?

Accepted Answer

A) hepatitis B virus 
B) Epstein-Barr virus 
C) herpes virus HHV-8 
D) SV40 
E) rhinovirus 
A) hepatitis B virus 
B) Epstein-Barr virus 
C) herpes virus HHV-8 
D) SV40 
E) rhinovirus

Question 15

About 25% of breast cancers are composed of cells that overexpress the HER2 gene.What property does the overexpression of this gene confer upon the tumor cells?

Accepted Answer

A) The tumor cells are more responsive to Herceptin stimulation in the body. 
B) The tumor cells are less responsive to Herceptin stimulation. 
C) The tumor cells are more likely to undergo apoptosis. 
D) These cells are especially sensitive to growth factor stimulation. 
E) These cells are especially resistant to growth factor stimulation. 
A) The tumor cells are more responsive to Herceptin stimulation in the body. 
B) The tumor cells are less responsive to Herceptin stimulation. 
C) The tumor cells are more likely to undergo apoptosis. 
D) These cells are especially sensitive to growth factor stimulation. 
E) These cells are especially resistant to growth factor stimulation.

Question 16

You are studying two rodent cell lines,one malignant and one normal.You carry out an experiment in which you fuse malignant and normal cells.What happens?

Accepted Answer

A) All of the hybrid (fused)cells behave like malignant cancer cells. 
B) Some of the hybrid cells lose malignant traits. 
C) Some of the hybrid cells gained more extreme malignant traits. 
D) Most of the hybrids died shortly after fusion. 
E) The hybrids began to fuse together spontaneously making giant multinucleate cells. 
A) All of the hybrid (fused)cells behave like malignant cancer cells. 
B) Some of the hybrid cells lose malignant traits. 
C) Some of the hybrid cells gained more extreme malignant traits. 
D) Most of the hybrids died shortly after fusion. 
E) The hybrids began to fuse together spontaneously making giant multinucleate cells.

Question 17

Against what protein is the treatment for metastatic colon cancer Vectibix directed?

Accepted Answer

A) pRB 
B) p53 
C) the EGF receptor 
D) VEGF 
E) Her2 
A) pRB 
B) p53 
C) the EGF receptor 
D) VEGF 
E) Her2

Question 18

What was the initial explanation for the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiation therapy and chemotherapy as compared to normal cells?

Accepted Answer

A) Cancer cells are sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy because they divide more rapidly. 
B) Cancer cells are less resistant to drugs or radiation because once they sustain genetic damage,they either progress through the cell cycle while repair is incomplete and they may undergo apoptosis. 
C) Cancer cells are sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy because they divide more slowly. 
D) Cancer cells are less resistant to drugs or radiation because once they sustain genetic damage,they either arrest the cell cycle until repair is complete or undergo apoptosis. 
E) Cancer cells are sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy because they will not undergo apoptosis. 
A) Cancer cells are sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy because they divide more rapidly. 
B) Cancer cells are less resistant to drugs or radiation because once they sustain genetic damage,they either progress through the cell cycle while repair is incomplete and they may undergo apoptosis. 
C) Cancer cells are sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy because they divide more slowly. 
D) Cancer cells are less resistant to drugs or radiation because once they sustain genetic damage,they either arrest the cell cycle until repair is complete or undergo apoptosis. 
E) Cancer cells are sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy because they will not undergo apoptosis.

Question 19

Mutant forms of tumor-suppressor genes act _____; both copies of the gene must be _______ before their protective function is lost.

Accepted Answer

A) as dominant genetic traits,mutated or deleted 
B) as dominant genetic traits,preserved 
C) recessively,mutated or deleted 
D) recessively,preserved 
E) like sex-linked recessive genes,mutated or deleted 
A) as dominant genetic traits,mutated or deleted 
B) as dominant genetic traits,preserved 
C) recessively,mutated or deleted 
D) recessively,preserved 
E) like sex-linked recessive genes,mutated or deleted

Question 20

Normal cells greatly slow their rates of cell division after filling a culture dish with a layer one cell deep (a monolayer).If a circular group of cells is removed from the middle of the filled culture dish,the cells on the edges of the "wound" will begin to divide,fill the space and then stop dividing again.How does the behavior of transformed cells differ?

Accepted Answer

Transformed cells do not exhibit such be

What is the name for tiny regulatory RNAs that negatively regulate the expression of target mRNAs?

If any of the proteins involved in mismatch repair are damaged,the mutation rate and cancer risk will rise; this is called the ___________.

What is the oncogene that is most often mutated in human tumors and what does it encode?

Who made the first known correlation between environmental agents and cancer development?

What is a humanized monoclonal antibody,as used in passive immunotherapy?

Which statement below is a correct statement about the abilities of normal cells and cancer cells to grow and divide when cultured under conditions favorable for cell proliferation?

Under what circumstances are tumor cells likely to undergo apoptosis when they have sustained damage to DNA?

What virus seems to be related to the development of Burkitt's lymphoma in African patients,while it is associated only with minor infections,like mononucleosis,in the Western world?

You culture cells and selectively block MYC gene expression.What is the effect on the cells?

_____________ is an inherited disease in which individuals develop many (hundreds or thousands)of premalignant polyps from epithelial cells lining the colon wall.

What is the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor?

Because they act to _ tumorigenesis,the miR-15a and miR-16 miRNAs can be thought of as ___.

What do all of the environmental agents that can cause cancer have in common?

Which one of the following viruses does not appear to be linked to human cancers?

About 25% of breast cancers are composed of cells that overexpress the HER2 gene.What property does the overexpression of this gene confer upon the tumor cells?

You are studying two rodent cell lines,one malignant and one normal.You carry out an experiment in which you fuse malignant and normal cells.What happens?

Against what protein is the treatment for metastatic colon cancer Vectibix directed?

What was the initial explanation for the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiation therapy and chemotherapy as compared to normal cells?

Mutant forms of tumor-suppressor genes act _; both copies of the gene must be ___ before their protective function is lost.

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics,enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 16: Cancer

What is the name for tiny regulatory RNAs that negatively regulate the expression of target mRNAs?

If any of the proteins involved in mismatch repair are damaged,the mutation rate and cancer risk will rise; this is called the ___________.

What is the oncogene that is most often mutated in human tumors and what does it encode?

Who made the first known correlation between environmental agents and cancer development?

What is a humanized monoclonal antibody,as used in passive immunotherapy?

Which statement below is a correct statement about the abilities of normal cells and cancer cells to grow and divide when cultured under conditions favorable for cell proliferation?

Under what circumstances are tumor cells likely to undergo apoptosis when they have sustained damage to DNA?

What virus seems to be related to the development of Burkitt's lymphoma in African patients,while it is associated only with minor infections,like mononucleosis,in the Western world?

You culture cells and selectively block MYC gene expression.What is the effect on the cells?

_____________ is an inherited disease in which individuals develop many (hundreds or thousands)of premalignant polyps from epithelial cells lining the colon wall.

What is the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor?

Because they act to _______ tumorigenesis,the miR-15a and miR-16 miRNAs can be thought of as _________.

What do all of the environmental agents that can cause cancer have in common?

Which one of the following viruses does not appear to be linked to human cancers?

About 25% of breast cancers are composed of cells that overexpress the HER2 gene.What property does the overexpression of this gene confer upon the tumor cells?

You are studying two rodent cell lines,one malignant and one normal.You carry out an experiment in which you fuse malignant and normal cells.What happens?

Against what protein is the treatment for metastatic colon cancer Vectibix directed?

What was the initial explanation for the sensitivity of cancer cells to radiation therapy and chemotherapy as compared to normal cells?

Mutant forms of tumor-suppressor genes act _____; both copies of the gene must be _______ before their protective function is lost.

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics,enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Because they act to _ tumorigenesis,the miR-15a and miR-16 miRNAs can be thought of as ___.

Mutant forms of tumor-suppressor genes act _; both copies of the gene must be ___ before their protective function is lost.