Question 1

What determines the specificity of an antibody?

Accepted Answer

A) the amino acids of the antigen-combining sites at the ends of each arm of the Y-shaped antibody 
B) the amino acids of the antigen-combining sites at the base of the Y-shaped antibody 
C) the nucleic acids of the antigen-combining sites at the base of the Y-shaped antibody 
D) the nucleic acids of the antigen-combining sites at the ends of each arm of the Y-shaped antibody 
E) the amino acids of the antigen-combining sites at the end of one arm of the Y-shaped antibody 
A) the amino acids of the antigen-combining sites at the ends of each arm of the Y-shaped antibody 
B) the amino acids of the antigen-combining sites at the base of the Y-shaped antibody 
C) the nucleic acids of the antigen-combining sites at the base of the Y-shaped antibody 
D) the nucleic acids of the antigen-combining sites at the ends of each arm of the Y-shaped antibody 
E) the amino acids of the antigen-combining sites at the end of one arm of the Y-shaped antibody

Question 2

Which cells are characterized by their possession of CD4 and CD25 surface markers?

Accepted Answer

A) TH1 cells 
B) TH2 cells 
C) cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
D) B cells 
E) regulatory T lymphocytes 
A) TH1 cells 
B) TH2 cells 
C) cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
D) B cells 
E) regulatory T lymphocytes

Question 3

What is the physical sign that a person's immune system is involved in the proliferation of T cells in response to an infection?

Accepted Answer

A) The skin is reddened. 
B) The lymph nodes in the region of the infection become enlarged. 
C) The skin is bruised in the infected region. 
D) The lymph nodes shrink because they are secreting so much material. 
E) The temperature of the infected region decreases. 
A) The skin is reddened. 
B) The lymph nodes in the region of the infection become enlarged. 
C) The skin is bruised in the infected region. 
D) The lymph nodes shrink because they are secreting so much material. 
E) The temperature of the infected region decreases.

Question 4

_________ occurs when a specific antibody changes the heavy chain that the cell makes without changing the antigen-combining site of the antibodies synthesized.

Accepted Answer

A) Class consistency 
B) Somatic hypermutation 
C) Class switching 
D) Class hypermutation 
E) Somatic switching 
A) Class consistency 
B) Somatic hypermutation 
C) Class switching 
D) Class hypermutation 
E) Somatic switching

Question 5

_________ are pathogens that are capable of stimulating immunity while being genetically crippled so that they are unable to cause disease.

Accepted Answer

A) Crippled pathogens 
B) Weakened pathogens 
C) Attenuated pathogens 
D) Dystrophied pathogens 
E) Disadvantaged pathogens 
A) Crippled pathogens 
B) Weakened pathogens 
C) Attenuated pathogens 
D) Dystrophied pathogens 
E) Disadvantaged pathogens

Question 6

Where do dendritic cells go once they have processed antigens and what do they do when they get there?

Accepted Answer

A) They go to the lymph nodes,where they undergo apoptosis. 
B) They go to the liver,where they undergo apoptosis. 
C) They go to the lymph nodes,where they differentiate into mature antigen-processing cells. 
D) They go to the liver,where they differentiate into mature antigen-processing cells. 
E) They go to the liver,where they proliferate. 
A) They go to the lymph nodes,where they undergo apoptosis. 
B) They go to the liver,where they undergo apoptosis. 
C) They go to the lymph nodes,where they differentiate into mature antigen-processing cells. 
D) They go to the liver,where they differentiate into mature antigen-processing cells. 
E) They go to the liver,where they proliferate.

Question 7

What holds the small peptide fragments of an antigen at the surface of an APC?

Accepted Answer

A) phosphotyrosine motifs 
B) MHC proteins 
C) T-cell receptors 
D) phosphatidylinositol 
E) B-cell receptors 
A) phosphotyrosine motifs 
B) MHC proteins 
C) T-cell receptors 
D) phosphatidylinositol 
E) B-cell receptors

Question 8

In what way does the character of the antibodies made during a secondary response differ from those made during the primary response?

Accepted Answer

A) They are bigger. 
B) They are smaller. 
C) The antibodies of the secondary response have a much greater affinity for their antigen. 
D) The antibodies of the secondary response have a much lower affinity for their antigen. 
E) They are more stable. 
A) They are bigger. 
B) They are smaller. 
C) The antibodies of the secondary response have a much greater affinity for their antigen. 
D) The antibodies of the secondary response have a much lower affinity for their antigen. 
E) They are more stable.

Question 9

Which antibodies have no clear function?

Accepted Answer

A) IgGs 
B) IgAs 
C) IgMs 
D) IgEs 
E) IgDs 
A) IgGs 
B) IgAs 
C) IgMs 
D) IgEs 
E) IgDs

Question 10

Receptors on the surface of phagocytes that recognize certain types of highly conserved molecules that play essential roles in viruses and bacteria are called _______.

Accepted Answer

A) pattern recognition receptors 
B) PRRs 
C) Toll-like receptors 
D) TLRs 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) pattern recognition receptors 
B) PRRs 
C) Toll-like receptors 
D) TLRs 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 11

What is usually required for B cell activation by an antigen?

Accepted Answer

A) other B cells 
B) T cells 
C) platelets 
D) megakaryocytes 
E) erythrocytes 
A) other B cells 
B) T cells 
C) platelets 
D) megakaryocytes 
E) erythrocytes

Question 12

The heavy chains of which class of antibody bind and activate one of the complement system proteins,leading to the lysis of the bacterial cell to which the antibody molecules are bound?

Accepted Answer

A) IgM 
B) IgG 
C) IgE 
D) IgD 
E) IgA 
A) IgM 
B) IgG 
C) IgE 
D) IgD 
E) IgA

Question 13

Who realized that a cowpox infection at an early age protected people against deadly smallpox infections? He had noticed that milkmaids were typically spared the ravages of smallpox.He turned this observation into vaccination by intentionally exposing a boy to cowpox to develop immunity and then later exposing the same boy to smallpox,which he survived.

Accepted Answer

A) Gregor Mendel 
B) Caitlyn Jenner 
C) Edward Jenner 
D) Claude Bernard 
E) Louis Pasteur 
A) Gregor Mendel 
B) Caitlyn Jenner 
C) Edward Jenner 
D) Claude Bernard 
E) Louis Pasteur

Question 14

Which of the following plays an important role in allergic reactions by binding to mast cell surfaces and what does that binding trigger?

Accepted Answer

A) IgE heavy chains,the release of histamine 
B) IgE heavy chains,the release of allergan 
C) IgE light chains,the uptake of histamine 
D) IgE light chains,the release of allergan 
E) IgA heavy chains,the release of histamine 
A) IgE heavy chains,the release of histamine 
B) IgE heavy chains,the release of allergan 
C) IgE light chains,the uptake of histamine 
D) IgE light chains,the release of allergan 
E) IgA heavy chains,the release of histamine

Question 15

Which antibodies are the predominant antibodies in secretions of the respiratory,digestive and urogenital tracts?

Accepted Answer

A) IgGs 
B) IgAs 
C) IgMs 
D) IgEs 
E) IgDs 
A) IgGs 
B) IgAs 
C) IgMs 
D) IgEs 
E) IgDs

Question 16

The heavy chains of which class of antibody bind specifically to macrophage and neutrophil surface receptors,inducing these phagocytes to ingest the particle to which the antibodies are bound?

Accepted Answer

A) IgM 
B) IgG 
C) IgE 
D) IgD 
E) IgA 
A) IgM 
B) IgG 
C) IgE 
D) IgD 
E) IgA

Question 17

The modified,harmless version of the tetanus toxin that is used to immunize infants is called a(n)_______.

Accepted Answer

A) toxin 
B) poison 
C) toxoid 
D) toxico 
E) toxon 
A) toxin 
B) poison 
C) toxoid 
D) toxico 
E) toxon

Question 18

In some cases,the light chains of autoreactive antibodies can be replaced by a new light chain encoded by an immunoglobulin gene that has been secondarily rearranged in a process called _________.

Accepted Answer

A) receptor rearrangement 
B) receptor editing 
C) receptor stimulation 
D) receptor costimulation 
E) receptor subtraction 
A) receptor rearrangement 
B) receptor editing 
C) receptor stimulation 
D) receptor costimulation 
E) receptor subtraction

Question 19

MHC class II proteins are synthesized _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) as RER membrane proteins 
B) as RER lumen proteins 
C) as lysosomal membrane proteins 
D) as lysosomal lumen proteins 
E) as mitochondrial membrane proteins 
A) as RER membrane proteins 
B) as RER lumen proteins 
C) as lysosomal membrane proteins 
D) as lysosomal lumen proteins 
E) as mitochondrial membrane proteins

Question 20

What is found on the surface of T cells?

Accepted Answer

A) T cell receptors that allow a specific interaction with a particular antigen 
B) B cells receptors that allow a specific interaction with a particular antigen 
C) T cell antigens that allow a specific interaction with a particular antigen 
D) B cell antigens that allow a specific interaction with a particular antigen 
E) platelet receptors that allow a specific interaction with a particular antigen 
A) T cell receptors that allow a specific interaction with a particular antigen 
B) B cells receptors that allow a specific interaction with a particular antigen 
C) T cell antigens that allow a specific interaction with a particular antigen 
D) B cell antigens that allow a specific interaction with a particular antigen 
E) platelet receptors that allow a specific interaction with a particular antigen

What determines the specificity of an antibody?

Which cells are characterized by their possession of CD4 and CD25 surface markers?

What is the physical sign that a person's immune system is involved in the proliferation of T cells in response to an infection?

_________ occurs when a specific antibody changes the heavy chain that the cell makes without changing the antigen-combining site of the antibodies synthesized.

_________ are pathogens that are capable of stimulating immunity while being genetically crippled so that they are unable to cause disease.

Where do dendritic cells go once they have processed antigens and what do they do when they get there?

What holds the small peptide fragments of an antigen at the surface of an APC?

In what way does the character of the antibodies made during a secondary response differ from those made during the primary response?

Which antibodies have no clear function?

Receptors on the surface of phagocytes that recognize certain types of highly conserved molecules that play essential roles in viruses and bacteria are called _______.

What is usually required for B cell activation by an antigen?

The heavy chains of which class of antibody bind and activate one of the complement system proteins,leading to the lysis of the bacterial cell to which the antibody molecules are bound?

Which of the following plays an important role in allergic reactions by binding to mast cell surfaces and what does that binding trigger?

Which antibodies are the predominant antibodies in secretions of the respiratory,digestive and urogenital tracts?

The heavy chains of which class of antibody bind specifically to macrophage and neutrophil surface receptors,inducing these phagocytes to ingest the particle to which the antibodies are bound?

The modified,harmless version of the tetanus toxin that is used to immunize infants is called a(n)_______.

In some cases,the light chains of autoreactive antibodies can be replaced by a new light chain encoded by an immunoglobulin gene that has been secondarily rearranged in a process called _________.

MHC class II proteins are synthesized _____________.

What is found on the surface of T cells?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics,enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

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Exam 17: The Immune Response

What determines the specificity of an antibody?

Which cells are characterized by their possession of CD4 and CD25 surface markers?

What is the physical sign that a person's immune system is involved in the proliferation of T cells in response to an infection?

_________ occurs when a specific antibody changes the heavy chain that the cell makes without changing the antigen-combining site of the antibodies synthesized.

_________ are pathogens that are capable of stimulating immunity while being genetically crippled so that they are unable to cause disease.

Where do dendritic cells go once they have processed antigens and what do they do when they get there?

What holds the small peptide fragments of an antigen at the surface of an APC?

In what way does the character of the antibodies made during a secondary response differ from those made during the primary response?

Which antibodies have no clear function?

Receptors on the surface of phagocytes that recognize certain types of highly conserved molecules that play essential roles in viruses and bacteria are called _______.

What is usually required for B cell activation by an antigen?

The heavy chains of which class of antibody bind and activate one of the complement system proteins,leading to the lysis of the bacterial cell to which the antibody molecules are bound?

Which of the following plays an important role in allergic reactions by binding to mast cell surfaces and what does that binding trigger?

Which antibodies are the predominant antibodies in secretions of the respiratory,digestive and urogenital tracts?

The heavy chains of which class of antibody bind specifically to macrophage and neutrophil surface receptors,inducing these phagocytes to ingest the particle to which the antibodies are bound?

The modified,harmless version of the tetanus toxin that is used to immunize infants is called a(n)_______.

In some cases,the light chains of autoreactive antibodies can be replaced by a new light chain encoded by an immunoglobulin gene that has been secondarily rearranged in a process called _________.

MHC class II proteins are synthesized _____________.

What is found on the surface of T cells?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics,enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters