Question 1

What property does gene rearrangement lend to immunoglobulin molecules?

Accepted Answer

A) stability 
B) variability 
C) efficiency 
D) speed 
E) fragility 
A) stability 
B) variability 
C) efficiency 
D) speed 
E) fragility

Question 2

Which of the antigens below are typically able to activate B cells without the involvement of T cells?

Accepted Answer

A) very large bacterial lipids 
B) very large viral lipids 
C) bacterial cell wall polysaccharides 
D) bacterial cell wall polypeptides 
E) bacterial DNA 
A) very large bacterial lipids 
B) very large viral lipids 
C) bacterial cell wall polysaccharides 
D) bacterial cell wall polypeptides 
E) bacterial DNA

Question 3

The variable portions of both heavy and light chains contain subregions that are especially variable from one antibody to another; these variable subregions account for the great diversity of antibody specificity.Such portions of both the light and heavy chains are called _________ regions.

Accepted Answer

A) hypovariable 
B) hypervariable 
C) hypoconstant 
D) hyperconstant 
E) extremovariable 
A) hypovariable 
B) hypervariable 
C) hypoconstant 
D) hyperconstant 
E) extremovariable

Question 4

What happens to T cells whose TCRs are unable to recognize self-MHC complexes?

Accepted Answer

A) They die within the thymus due to a lack of growth signals. 
B) They die within the bone marrow due to a lack of growth signals. 
C) They undergo proliferation in the thymus. 
D) They undergo proliferation in the bone marrow. 
E) They die within the liver due to a lack of growth signals. 
A) They die within the thymus due to a lack of growth signals. 
B) They die within the bone marrow due to a lack of growth signals. 
C) They undergo proliferation in the thymus. 
D) They undergo proliferation in the bone marrow. 
E) They die within the liver due to a lack of growth signals.

Question 5

_________ immune responses are mounted by the body immediately without requiring previous contact with the microbe; they are the first line of defense and are characterized by a lack of specificity.

Accepted Answer

A) Innate 
B) Acquired 
C) Adaptive 
D) Intuitive 
E) Inductive 
A) Innate 
B) Acquired 
C) Adaptive 
D) Intuitive 
E) Inductive

Question 6

What cells are the primary target of HIV,the virus that causes AIDS?

Accepted Answer

A) cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
B) helper T lymphocytes 
C) B lymphocytes 
D) macrophages 
E) regulatory T lymphocytes 
A) cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
B) helper T lymphocytes 
C) B lymphocytes 
D) macrophages 
E) regulatory T lymphocytes

Question 7

Which cells of the immune system produce IL-4,which mobilizes mast cells,basophils and eosinophils to protect against extracellular pathogens,especially parasitic worms?

Accepted Answer

A) TH1 cells 
B) TH2 cells 
C) cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
D) TH17 cells 
E) regulatory T lymphocytes 
A) TH1 cells 
B) TH2 cells 
C) cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
D) TH17 cells 
E) regulatory T lymphocytes

Question 8

What is the natural function of the MHC proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) to attack bacterial surface antigens 
B) to destroy transplanted antigens 
C) involvement in antigen presentation 
D) involvement in antibody presentation 
E) maintaining the stability of the plasma membrane 
A) to attack bacterial surface antigens 
B) to destroy transplanted antigens 
C) involvement in antigen presentation 
D) involvement in antibody presentation 
E) maintaining the stability of the plasma membrane

Question 9

Where are the MHC class I and II proteins thought to separate from one another?

Accepted Answer

A) in the RER 
B) in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) 
C) in the cis-Golgi network (CGN) 
D) in lysosomes 
E) at the plasma membrane 
A) in the RER 
B) in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) 
C) in the cis-Golgi network (CGN) 
D) in lysosomes 
E) at the plasma membrane

Question 10

Which cells of the immune system produce an interleukin,which is thought to stimulate epithelial cells to recruit phagocytes and thereby prevent the entry of extracellular bacteria and fungi into the body?

Accepted Answer

A) TH1 cells 
B) TH2 cells 
C) cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
D) TH17 cells 
E) regulatory T lymphocytes 
A) TH1 cells 
B) TH2 cells 
C) cytotoxic T lymphocytes 
D) TH17 cells 
E) regulatory T lymphocytes

Question 11

Natural killer cells cause the death of virus-infected cells by inducing them to undergo _________.

Accepted Answer

A) rapid growth 
B) apoptosis 
C) perforation of their membranes 
D) solubilization of their membranes 
E) dehydration 
A) rapid growth 
B) apoptosis 
C) perforation of their membranes 
D) solubilization of their membranes 
E) dehydration

Question 12

The nucleotides encoding the 13 amino acids at the C-terminal end of the V$\kappa$region is called the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) Q segment 
B) C segment 
C) J segment 
D) VJ segment 
E) M segment 
A) Q segment 
B) C segment 
C) J segment 
D) VJ segment 
E) M segment

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic or component of an MHC class II molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 MHC-encoded polypeptide chain called the heavy chain 
B) a non-MHC polypeptide associated non-covalently with another subunit 
C) $\beta$2-microglobulin 
D) a heterodimer,with both subunits encoded by MHC alleles 
E) a heterotrimer,with all three subunits encoded by MHC alleles 
A) 1 MHC-encoded polypeptide chain called the heavy chain 
B) a non-MHC polypeptide associated non-covalently with another subunit 
C) $\beta$2-microglobulin 
D) a heterodimer,with both subunits encoded by MHC alleles 
E) a heterotrimer,with all three subunits encoded by MHC alleles

Question 14

What happens to plasma cells after the removal of the original antigenic stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A) They die off. 
B) They may,in some cases,persist for the person's lifetime. 
C) They revert to precursor cells. 
D) They proliferate even more. 
E) They dedifferentiate. 
A) They die off. 
B) They may,in some cases,persist for the person's lifetime. 
C) They revert to precursor cells. 
D) They proliferate even more. 
E) They dedifferentiate.

Question 15

You are studying a weasel and find that its genome contains 7 J$\kappa$and 55 V$\kappa$genes.Assuming that any V sequence can join with any J sequence,how many different$\kappa$ chains can this organism make?

Accepted Answer

A) 62 
B) 385 
C) 350 
D) 7 
E) 55 
A) 62 
B) 385 
C) 350 
D) 7 
E) 55

Question 16

Why is a second weapon system (specifically cell-mediated immunity)in addition to humoral immunity needed to defend the body against invading pathogens?

Accepted Answer

A) Humoral immunity is ineffective against antibodies. 
B) Antibodies are not effective against pathogens that are present inside cells. 
C) Antibodies are not effective against pathogens that are present outside cells. 
D) If used too often,antibodies can attack red blood cells. 
E) Antibodies are typically ineffective against bacteria,while they work well against viruses. 
A) Humoral immunity is ineffective against antibodies. 
B) Antibodies are not effective against pathogens that are present inside cells. 
C) Antibodies are not effective against pathogens that are present outside cells. 
D) If used too often,antibodies can attack red blood cells. 
E) Antibodies are typically ineffective against bacteria,while they work well against viruses.

Question 17

A complete $\kappa$ V gene is formed as a specific V$\kappa$gene is joined to one of the J$\kappa$ segments with the intervening DNA excised; the process is catalyzed by a protein complex called ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) V(
D) J polymerase 
B) V(
D) J recombinase 
C) V(
D) J joinase 
D) V(
D) J ligase 
E) ligandase 
A) V(
D) J polymerase 
B) V(
D) J recombinase 
C) V(
D) J joinase 
D) V(
D) J ligase 
E) ligandase

Question 18

Nucleotide sequence analysis of the V genes indicated that they are ________ than required to encode the V region of the $\kappa$ light chain.

Accepted Answer

A) shorter 
B) longer 
C) the same length as 
D) more coiled 
E) less coiled 
A) shorter 
B) longer 
C) the same length as 
D) more coiled 
E) less coiled

Question 19

How can the migration patterns of different types of lymphocytes and phagocytes be controlled separately?

Accepted Answer

A) They all possess receptors for the same cytokines. 
B) They all possess receptors for the same chemokines. 
C) Different types of lymphocytes and phagocytes possess receptors for different chemokines. 
D) The different types of lymphocytes and phagocytes produce different chemokines. 
E) The different types of lymphocytes and phagocytes produce different cytokines. 
A) They all possess receptors for the same cytokines. 
B) They all possess receptors for the same chemokines. 
C) Different types of lymphocytes and phagocytes possess receptors for different chemokines. 
D) The different types of lymphocytes and phagocytes produce different chemokines. 
E) The different types of lymphocytes and phagocytes produce different cytokines.

Question 20

Heavy chain variable regions consist of which of the following combinations of segments?

Accepted Answer

A) V,D and J segments 
B) V and J segments 
C) D and J segments 
D) V,M and J segments 
E) V,D,M and J segments 
A) V,D and J segments 
B) V and J segments 
C) D and J segments 
D) V,M and J segments 
E) V,D,M and J segments

What property does gene rearrangement lend to immunoglobulin molecules?

Which of the antigens below are typically able to activate B cells without the involvement of T cells?

The variable portions of both heavy and light chains contain subregions that are especially variable from one antibody to another; these variable subregions account for the great diversity of antibody specificity.Such portions of both the light and heavy chains are called _________ regions.

What happens to T cells whose TCRs are unable to recognize self-MHC complexes?

_________ immune responses are mounted by the body immediately without requiring previous contact with the microbe; they are the first line of defense and are characterized by a lack of specificity.

What cells are the primary target of HIV,the virus that causes AIDS?

Which cells of the immune system produce IL-4,which mobilizes mast cells,basophils and eosinophils to protect against extracellular pathogens,especially parasitic worms?

What is the natural function of the MHC proteins?

Where are the MHC class I and II proteins thought to separate from one another?

Which cells of the immune system produce an interleukin,which is thought to stimulate epithelial cells to recruit phagocytes and thereby prevent the entry of extracellular bacteria and fungi into the body?

Natural killer cells cause the death of virus-infected cells by inducing them to undergo _________.

The nucleotides encoding the 13 amino acids at the C-terminal end of the V $\kappa$ region is called the ____.

Which of the following is a characteristic or component of an MHC class II molecule?

What happens to plasma cells after the removal of the original antigenic stimulus?

You are studying a weasel and find that its genome contains 7 J $\kappa$ and 55 V $\kappa$ genes.Assuming that any V sequence can join with any J sequence,how many different $\kappa$ chains can this organism make?

Why is a second weapon system (specifically cell-mediated immunity)in addition to humoral immunity needed to defend the body against invading pathogens?

A complete $\kappa$ V gene is formed as a specific V $\kappa$ gene is joined to one of the J $\kappa$ segments with the intervening DNA excised; the process is catalyzed by a protein complex called ___________.

Nucleotide sequence analysis of the V genes indicated that they are ________ than required to encode the V region of the $\kappa$ light chain.

How can the migration patterns of different types of lymphocytes and phagocytes be controlled separately?

Heavy chain variable regions consist of which of the following combinations of segments?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics,enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 17: The Immune Response

What property does gene rearrangement lend to immunoglobulin molecules?

Which of the antigens below are typically able to activate B cells without the involvement of T cells?

The variable portions of both heavy and light chains contain subregions that are especially variable from one antibody to another; these variable subregions account for the great diversity of antibody specificity.Such portions of both the light and heavy chains are called _________ regions.

What happens to T cells whose TCRs are unable to recognize self-MHC complexes?

_________ immune responses are mounted by the body immediately without requiring previous contact with the microbe; they are the first line of defense and are characterized by a lack of specificity.

What cells are the primary target of HIV,the virus that causes AIDS?

Which cells of the immune system produce IL-4,which mobilizes mast cells,basophils and eosinophils to protect against extracellular pathogens,especially parasitic worms?

What is the natural function of the MHC proteins?

Where are the MHC class I and II proteins thought to separate from one another?

Which cells of the immune system produce an interleukin,which is thought to stimulate epithelial cells to recruit phagocytes and thereby prevent the entry of extracellular bacteria and fungi into the body?

Natural killer cells cause the death of virus-infected cells by inducing them to undergo _________.

The nucleotides encoding the 13 amino acids at the C-terminal end of the V κ\kappaκ region is called the ____.

Which of the following is a characteristic or component of an MHC class II molecule?

What happens to plasma cells after the removal of the original antigenic stimulus?

You are studying a weasel and find that its genome contains 7 J κ\kappaκ and 55 V κ\kappaκ genes.Assuming that any V sequence can join with any J sequence,how many different κ\kappaκ chains can this organism make?

Why is a second weapon system (specifically cell-mediated immunity)in addition to humoral immunity needed to defend the body against invading pathogens?

A complete κ\kappaκ V gene is formed as a specific V κ\kappaκ gene is joined to one of the J κ\kappaκ segments with the intervening DNA excised; the process is catalyzed by a protein complex called ___________.

Nucleotide sequence analysis of the V genes indicated that they are ________ than required to encode the V region of the κ\kappaκ light chain.

How can the migration patterns of different types of lymphocytes and phagocytes be controlled separately?

Heavy chain variable regions consist of which of the following combinations of segments?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics,enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

The nucleotides encoding the 13 amino acids at the C-terminal end of the V $\kappa$ region is called the ____.

You are studying a weasel and find that its genome contains 7 J $\kappa$ and 55 V $\kappa$ genes.Assuming that any V sequence can join with any J sequence,how many different $\kappa$ chains can this organism make?

A complete $\kappa$ V gene is formed as a specific V $\kappa$ gene is joined to one of the J $\kappa$ segments with the intervening DNA excised; the process is catalyzed by a protein complex called ___________.

Nucleotide sequence analysis of the V genes indicated that they are ________ than required to encode the V region of the $\kappa$ light chain.