Question 1

Which part of the brain has a role in personality as seen in the case of Phineas Gage?

Accepted Answer

A)  the amygdala 
B)  the hypothalamus 
C)  the ventromedial prefrontal cortex 
D)  the parietal lobe 
A)  the amygdala 
B)  the hypothalamus 
C)  the ventromedial prefrontal cortex 
D)  the parietal lobe

Question 2

A model that specifies the means of evaluating the probability of a hypothesis is known as a(n)_____ model.

Accepted Answer

A)  approximation 
B)  conservative 
C)  descriptive 
D)  prescriptive 
A)  approximation 
B)  conservative 
C)  descriptive 
D)  prescriptive

Question 3

Research suggests that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex might play an important role in:

Accepted Answer

A)  emotional stability. 
B)  involuntary reflexes. 
C)  motor coordination. 
D)  self-regulation. 
A)  emotional stability. 
B)  involuntary reflexes. 
C)  motor coordination. 
D)  self-regulation.

Question 4

Participants' behavior based on experience often does not correspond to Bayes's theorem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Shafir (1993)asked participants to play the role of the judge in a divorce case in which both parents are seeking custody.Parent A has an average income,average health,average working hours,reasonable rapport with the child,and a relatively stable social life.Parent B has an above-average income,minor health problems,lots of work-related travel,a very close relation with the child,and an extremely active social life.To whom were the participants more likely to award custody?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parent A 
B)  Parent B 
C)  Females were more likely to vote for parent A;males were more likely to vote for parent B. 
D)  No significant trends were found. 
A)  Parent A 
B)  Parent B 
C)  Females were more likely to vote for parent A;males were more likely to vote for parent B. 
D)  No significant trends were found.

Question 6

According to Goldstein and Gigerenzer (1999,2002),which group should perform best at judging relative sizes?

Accepted Answer

A)  American students judging American cities 
B)  German students judging German cities 
C)  German students judging American cities 
D)  American students judging American cities and German students judging German cities 
A)  American students judging American cities 
B)  German students judging German cities 
C)  German students judging American cities 
D)  American students judging American cities and German students judging German cities

Question 7

Describe the methods and findings of the Gluck and Bower (1988)study on implicit Bayesian behavior.

Accepted Answer

•Gluck and Bower (1988)presented partici

Question 8

The probability of a reward is represented in the activity of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebellum. 
B)  lateral geniculate nucleus. 
C)  nucleus accumbens. 
D)  ventromedial prefrontal cortex. 
A)  cerebellum. 
B)  lateral geniculate nucleus. 
C)  nucleus accumbens. 
D)  ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

Question 9

The value we place on money is not always the same as the face value of the money.This is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  framing effects. 
B)  probability matching. 
C)  subjective probability. 
D)  subjective utility. 
A)  framing effects. 
B)  probability matching. 
C)  subjective probability. 
D)  subjective utility.

Question 10

Which statement is NOT true of Gluck and Bower's (1988)study on Bayesian behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  The proportion of the participants' choices was very close to the true probabilities. 
B)  Participants consistently overestimated the frequency of the rare disease. 
C)  Their judgments show no influence of base rate. 
D)  Participants implicitly used Bayesian behavior. 
A)  The proportion of the participants' choices was very close to the true probabilities. 
B)  Participants consistently overestimated the frequency of the rare disease. 
C)  Their judgments show no influence of base rate. 
D)  Participants implicitly used Bayesian behavior.

Question 11

The dopamine system provides mammals with a basic ability to:

Accepted Answer

A)  seek things that are rewarding and avoid things that are harmful. 
B)  avoid things that are harmful and reflect on their circumstances. 
C)  reflect on their circumstances and self-regulate. 
D)  self-regulate and seek things that are rewarding. 
A)  seek things that are rewarding and avoid things that are harmful. 
B)  avoid things that are harmful and reflect on their circumstances. 
C)  reflect on their circumstances and self-regulate. 
D)  self-regulate and seek things that are rewarding.

Question 12

Damage to this area of the brain led to personality changes in Phineas Gage.

Accepted Answer

A)  the hippocampus 
B)  the prefrontal cortex 
C)  the nucleus accumbens 
D)  the temporal cortex 
A)  the hippocampus 
B)  the prefrontal cortex 
C)  the nucleus accumbens 
D)  the temporal cortex

Question 13

Kahneman and Tversky have found in their research on decision making that people will make different choices for two different versions of the same question if the versions are worded in a slightly different manner.They referred to this phenomenon as:

Accepted Answer

A)  framing effects. 
B)  subjective evaluation. 
C)  gambler's fallacy. 
D)  attitudinal preconception. 
A)  framing effects. 
B)  subjective evaluation. 
C)  gambler's fallacy. 
D)  attitudinal preconception.

Question 14

The subjective utility of an outcome or a stimulus is directly paired to the release of which neurotransmitter in the reward pathway of the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine 
B)  norepinephrine 
C)  serotonin 
D)  dopamine 
A)  acetylcholine 
B)  norepinephrine 
C)  serotonin 
D)  dopamine

Question 15

What is Bayes's Theorem,and what is it used for? How does the behavior of human participants compare with the theorem's predictions?

Accepted Answer

•Bayes's theorem is a prescriptive model

Question 16

Someone might prefer a 4% chance at $200 than a 2% chance at $400.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  base-rate neglect. 
B)  framing effects. 
C)  subjective probability. 
D)  subjective utility. 
A)  base-rate neglect. 
B)  framing effects. 
C)  subjective probability. 
D)  subjective utility.

Question 17

What is meant by conservatism?

Accepted Answer

Conservatism refers to the ten

Question 18

Goldstein and Gigerenzer (1999,2002)display the utility of which decision-making heuristic in their study involving judging relative sizes of German cities?

Accepted Answer

A)  anchoring and adjustment 
B)  representativeness 
C)  recognition 
D)  naïve diversification 
A)  anchoring and adjustment 
B)  representativeness 
C)  recognition 
D)  naïve diversification

Question 19

Individuals sometimes ignore posterior probabilities.This is referred to as base-rate neglect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What is the role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex?

Accepted Answer

It plays an important role in

Which part of the brain has a role in personality as seen in the case of Phineas Gage?

A model that specifies the means of evaluating the probability of a hypothesis is known as a(n)_____ model.

Research suggests that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex might play an important role in:

Participants' behavior based on experience often does not correspond to Bayes's theorem.

According to Goldstein and Gigerenzer (1999,2002),which group should perform best at judging relative sizes?

Describe the methods and findings of the Gluck and Bower (1988)study on implicit Bayesian behavior.

The probability of a reward is represented in the activity of the:

The value we place on money is not always the same as the face value of the money.This is referred to as:

Which statement is NOT true of Gluck and Bower's (1988)study on Bayesian behavior?

The dopamine system provides mammals with a basic ability to:

Damage to this area of the brain led to personality changes in Phineas Gage.

Kahneman and Tversky have found in their research on decision making that people will make different choices for two different versions of the same question if the versions are worded in a slightly different manner.They referred to this phenomenon as:

The subjective utility of an outcome or a stimulus is directly paired to the release of which neurotransmitter in the reward pathway of the brain?

What is Bayes's Theorem,and what is it used for? How does the behavior of human participants compare with the theorem's predictions?

Someone might prefer a 4% chance at $200 than a 2% chance at $400.This is an example of:

What is meant by conservatism?

Goldstein and Gigerenzer (1999,2002)display the utility of which decision-making heuristic in their study involving judging relative sizes of German cities?

Individuals sometimes ignore posterior probabilities.This is referred to as base-rate neglect.

What is the role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex?

The Science of Cognition

Perception

Attention and Performance

Mental Imagery

Representation of Knowledge

Human Memory: Encoding and Storage

Human Memory: Retention and Retrieval

Problem Solving

Expertise

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Language Structure

Language Comprehension

Individual Differences in Cognition

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Exam 11: Decision Making

Which part of the brain has a role in personality as seen in the case of Phineas Gage?

A model that specifies the means of evaluating the probability of a hypothesis is known as a(n)_____ model.

Research suggests that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex might play an important role in:

Participants' behavior based on experience often does not correspond to Bayes's theorem.

According to Goldstein and Gigerenzer (1999,2002),which group should perform best at judging relative sizes?

Describe the methods and findings of the Gluck and Bower (1988)study on implicit Bayesian behavior.

The probability of a reward is represented in the activity of the:

The value we place on money is not always the same as the face value of the money.This is referred to as:

Which statement is NOT true of Gluck and Bower's (1988)study on Bayesian behavior?

The dopamine system provides mammals with a basic ability to:

Damage to this area of the brain led to personality changes in Phineas Gage.

Kahneman and Tversky have found in their research on decision making that people will make different choices for two different versions of the same question if the versions are worded in a slightly different manner.They referred to this phenomenon as:

The subjective utility of an outcome or a stimulus is directly paired to the release of which neurotransmitter in the reward pathway of the brain?

What is Bayes's Theorem,and what is it used for? How does the behavior of human participants compare with the theorem's predictions?

Someone might prefer a 4% chance at $200 than a 2% chance at $400.This is an example of:

What is meant by conservatism?

Goldstein and Gigerenzer (1999,2002)display the utility of which decision-making heuristic in their study involving judging relative sizes of German cities?

Individuals sometimes ignore posterior probabilities.This is referred to as base-rate neglect.

What is the role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex?

The Science of Cognition

Perception

Attention and Performance

Mental Imagery

Representation of Knowledge

Human Memory: Encoding and Storage

Human Memory: Retention and Retrieval

Problem Solving

Expertise

Reasoning

Language Structure

Language Comprehension

Individual Differences in Cognition

Filters