Question 1

As one becomes more practiced at a task,brain activation shifts from the:

Accepted Answer

A)  basal ganglia to the prefrontal cortex. 
B)  basal ganglia to more posterior areas of the cortex. 
C)  prefrontal cortex to the basal ganglia. 
D)  prefrontal cortex to more posterior areas of the cortex. 
A)  basal ganglia to the prefrontal cortex. 
B)  basal ganglia to more posterior areas of the cortex. 
C)  prefrontal cortex to the basal ganglia. 
D)  prefrontal cortex to more posterior areas of the cortex.

Question 2

Explain the doctrine of formal discipline.

Accepted Answer

•The doctrine of formal discipline held

Question 3

In deliberate practice,learners are motivated to:

Accepted Answer

A)  learn. 
B)  perform. 
C)  practice. 
D)  perform and practice. 
A)  learn. 
B)  perform. 
C)  practice. 
D)  perform and practice.

Question 4

After Chris learns the locations of the keyboard keys,he learns to use the Shift and Control keys.He is in the _____ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  acquisition 
B)  associative 
C)  autonomous 
D)  cognitive 
A)  acquisition 
B)  associative 
C)  autonomous 
D)  cognitive

Question 5

The process of converting the deliberate use of declarative knowledge into pattern-driven recognition is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  proceduralization. 
B)  recognition by components. 
C)  metacognition. 
D)  serial processing. 
A)  proceduralization. 
B)  recognition by components. 
C)  metacognition. 
D)  serial processing.

Question 6

A tactic is a plan for attaining a particular goal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

As expertise develops,reliance on procedural knowledge increases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Performance of a cognitive skill improves as a power function of:

Accepted Answer

A)  acquisition. 
B)  practice. 
C)  proceduralization. 
D)  retention. 
A)  acquisition. 
B)  practice. 
C)  proceduralization. 
D)  retention.

Question 9

Using PET,Jenkins et al.(1994)found that there was:

Accepted Answer

A)  comparable activation early versus late in the frontal areas. 
B)  more activation in the frontal areas early in learning than late in learning. 
C)  more activation in the frontal areas late in learning than early in learning. 
D)  no activation in the frontal areas at any time. 
A)  comparable activation early versus late in the frontal areas. 
B)  more activation in the frontal areas early in learning than late in learning. 
C)  more activation in the frontal areas late in learning than early in learning. 
D)  no activation in the frontal areas at any time.

Question 10

Describe the three stages of skill acquisition.

Accepted Answer

The three stages are:
•Cognitive stage:

Question 11

As a person becomes more proficient at a task,he uses more of his brain to perform that task.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

_____ is difficult because it requires setting and keeping track of goals and subgoals.

Accepted Answer

A)  Reasoning 
B)  Reasoning backward 
C)  Reasoning forward 
D)  Tactical learning 
A)  Reasoning 
B)  Reasoning backward 
C)  Reasoning forward 
D)  Tactical learning

Question 13

According to the _____,the mind is NOT composed of general faculties.

Accepted Answer

A)  doctrine of formal discipline 
B)  power law of learning 
C)  theory of identical elements 
D)  theory of negative transfer 
A)  doctrine of formal discipline 
B)  power law of learning 
C)  theory of identical elements 
D)  theory of negative transfer

Question 14

By providing feedback on learning,intelligent tutors:

Accepted Answer

A)  help students' mastery of complex skills. 
B)  hinder students' mastery of complex skills. 
C)  neither help nor hinder students' mastery of complex skills. 
D)  Intelligent tutors never provide feedback. 
A)  help students' mastery of complex skills. 
B)  hinder students' mastery of complex skills. 
C)  neither help nor hinder students' mastery of complex skills. 
D)  Intelligent tutors never provide feedback.

Question 15

How do computers achieve expertise compared to humans?

Accepted Answer

Computers achieve expertise differently.

Question 16

Which area of the brain is involved in the control of cognition?

Accepted Answer

A)  the parietal cortex 
B)  the prefrontal cortex 
C)  the anterior cingulate cortex 
D)  the temporal cortex 
A)  the parietal cortex 
B)  the prefrontal cortex 
C)  the anterior cingulate cortex 
D)  the temporal cortex

Question 17

The transition from novices to experts entails the same changes in strategy in all domains.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The doctrine of formal discipline was _____ in its predictions.

Accepted Answer

A)  accurate 
B)  too broad 
C)  too narrow 
D)  similar to the theory of identical elements 
A)  accurate 
B)  too broad 
C)  too narrow 
D)  similar to the theory of identical elements

Question 19

The process of converting declarative knowledge into procedural knowledge is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  conversion. 
B)  implicitization. 
C)  pattern-driven application. 
D)  proceduralization. 
A)  conversion. 
B)  implicitization. 
C)  pattern-driven application. 
D)  proceduralization.

Question 20

In the _____ stage of skill acquisition,the individual develops a declarative encoding of the skill.

Accepted Answer

A)  acquisition 
B)  associative 
C)  autonomous 
D)  cognitive 
A)  acquisition 
B)  associative 
C)  autonomous 
D)  cognitive

As one becomes more practiced at a task,brain activation shifts from the:

Explain the doctrine of formal discipline.

In deliberate practice,learners are motivated to:

After Chris learns the locations of the keyboard keys,he learns to use the Shift and Control keys.He is in the _____ stage.

The process of converting the deliberate use of declarative knowledge into pattern-driven recognition is called:

A tactic is a plan for attaining a particular goal.

As expertise develops,reliance on procedural knowledge increases.

Performance of a cognitive skill improves as a power function of:

Using PET,Jenkins et al.(1994)found that there was:

Describe the three stages of skill acquisition.

As a person becomes more proficient at a task,he uses more of his brain to perform that task.

_____ is difficult because it requires setting and keeping track of goals and subgoals.

According to the _____,the mind is NOT composed of general faculties.

By providing feedback on learning,intelligent tutors:

How do computers achieve expertise compared to humans?

Which area of the brain is involved in the control of cognition?

The transition from novices to experts entails the same changes in strategy in all domains.

The doctrine of formal discipline was _____ in its predictions.

The process of converting declarative knowledge into procedural knowledge is called:

In the _____ stage of skill acquisition,the individual develops a declarative encoding of the skill.

The Science of Cognition

Perception

Attention and Performance

Mental Imagery

Representation of Knowledge

Human Memory: Encoding and Storage

Human Memory: Retention and Retrieval

Problem Solving

Reasoning

Decision Making

Language Structure

Language Comprehension

Individual Differences in Cognition

Filters

Exam 9: Expertise

As one becomes more practiced at a task,brain activation shifts from the:

Explain the doctrine of formal discipline.

In deliberate practice,learners are motivated to:

After Chris learns the locations of the keyboard keys,he learns to use the Shift and Control keys.He is in the _____ stage.

The process of converting the deliberate use of declarative knowledge into pattern-driven recognition is called:

A tactic is a plan for attaining a particular goal.

As expertise develops,reliance on procedural knowledge increases.

Performance of a cognitive skill improves as a power function of:

Using PET,Jenkins et al.(1994)found that there was:

Describe the three stages of skill acquisition.

As a person becomes more proficient at a task,he uses more of his brain to perform that task.

_____ is difficult because it requires setting and keeping track of goals and subgoals.

According to the _____,the mind is NOT composed of general faculties.

By providing feedback on learning,intelligent tutors:

How do computers achieve expertise compared to humans?

Which area of the brain is involved in the control of cognition?

The transition from novices to experts entails the same changes in strategy in all domains.

The doctrine of formal discipline was _____ in its predictions.

The process of converting declarative knowledge into procedural knowledge is called:

In the _____ stage of skill acquisition,the individual develops a declarative encoding of the skill.

The Science of Cognition

Perception

Attention and Performance

Mental Imagery

Representation of Knowledge

Human Memory: Encoding and Storage

Human Memory: Retention and Retrieval

Problem Solving

Reasoning

Decision Making

Language Structure

Language Comprehension

Individual Differences in Cognition

Filters