Question 1

Humans are the only species that:

Accepted Answer

A)  acquire skills. 
B)  communicate. 
C)  display advanced behavioral plasticity. 
D)  use tools. 
A)  acquire skills. 
B)  communicate. 
C)  display advanced behavioral plasticity. 
D)  use tools.

Question 2

In the _____ stage of skill acquisition,connections among the elements required for successful performance are strengthened.

Accepted Answer

A)  acquisition 
B)  associative 
C)  autonomous 
D)  cognitive 
A)  acquisition 
B)  associative 
C)  autonomous 
D)  cognitive

Question 3

As individuals become more proficient at a task,they seem to use _____ of their brains to perform that task.

Accepted Answer

A)  less 
B)  more 
C)  much more 
D)  the same quantity 
A)  less 
B)  more 
C)  much more 
D)  the same quantity

Question 4

Adults do not grow new neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

As participants learn to read transformed text,activity in the _____ decreases.

Accepted Answer

A)  basal ganglia 
B)  hippocampus 
C)  motor cortex 
D)  prefrontal cortex 
A)  basal ganglia 
B)  hippocampus 
C)  motor cortex 
D)  prefrontal cortex

Question 6

According to Skoyles (1999),what ability allowed humans to spread throughout the world?

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability to communicate 
B)  the ability to acquire expertise in novel environments 
C)  the ability to form societal institutions 
D)  the ability to adapt to the environment 
A)  the ability to communicate 
B)  the ability to acquire expertise in novel environments 
C)  the ability to form societal institutions 
D)  the ability to adapt to the environment

Question 7

According to the _____,transfer of skills will span domains that have no content in common.

Accepted Answer

A)  doctrine of formal discipline 
B)  power law of learning 
C)  theory of identical elements 
D)  theory of negative transfer 
A)  doctrine of formal discipline 
B)  power law of learning 
C)  theory of identical elements 
D)  theory of negative transfer

Question 8

A great deal of deliberate practice is necessary to develop expertise in any field.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

How can intelligent tutors help students to master complex skills?

Accepted Answer

They can help by carefully mon

Question 10

As one becomes more proficient at a task,what brain change occurs?

Accepted Answer

As people become mor

Question 11

Which statement is an accurate description of the brain activity of participants in Qin,et al.'s (2003)study of mental activity during problem solving?

Accepted Answer

A)  With expertise,the amount of brain activity necessary to solve a problem decreases. 
B)  Expertise in problem solving serves to tone the brain and make activation of specific brain regions involved in this activity occur more quickly. 
C)  Overall,brain activity during problem solving increases with greater expertise. 
D)  Expertise is not a factor in the amount of brain activity during problem solving;fatigue is a much more salient variable. 
A)  With expertise,the amount of brain activity necessary to solve a problem decreases. 
B)  Expertise in problem solving serves to tone the brain and make activation of specific brain regions involved in this activity occur more quickly. 
C)  Overall,brain activity during problem solving increases with greater expertise. 
D)  Expertise is not a factor in the amount of brain activity during problem solving;fatigue is a much more salient variable.

Question 12

Ericsson,et al.(1993)argues for which position regarding development of expertise?

Accepted Answer

A)  Expertise in most endeavors is overwhelming because of genetic endowment. 
B)  It is impossible to determine the individual contributions of genetics and experience to expertise in a cognitive task. 
C)  All of expertise can be accounted for by deliberate practice. 
D)  Practice in one cognitive domain does not affect performance in another cognitive domain. 
A)  Expertise in most endeavors is overwhelming because of genetic endowment. 
B)  It is impossible to determine the individual contributions of genetics and experience to expertise in a cognitive task. 
C)  All of expertise can be accounted for by deliberate practice. 
D)  Practice in one cognitive domain does not affect performance in another cognitive domain.

Question 13

The theory of identical elements was _____ in its predictions.

Accepted Answer

A)  accurate 
B)  too broad 
C)  too narrow 
D)  similar to the doctrine of formal discipline 
A)  accurate 
B)  too broad 
C)  too narrow 
D)  similar to the doctrine of formal discipline

Question 14

Compare the doctrine of formal discipline with the theory of identical elements.

Accepted Answer

Doctrine of formal discipline:
•The doct

Question 15

The benefit of further practice:

Accepted Answer

A)  slowly diminishes. 
B)  slowly increases. 
C)  rapidly diminishes. 
D)  rapidly increases. 
A)  slowly diminishes. 
B)  slowly increases. 
C)  rapidly diminishes. 
D)  rapidly increases.

Question 16

_____ refers to a process by which individuals learn to organize their problem solving.

Accepted Answer

A)  Learning 
B)  Proceduralization 
C)  Tactical learning 
D)  Strategic learning 
A)  Learning 
B)  Proceduralization 
C)  Tactical learning 
D)  Strategic learning

Question 17

Using PET,Jenkins et al.(1994)found that there was:

Accepted Answer

A)  comparable activation early versus late in the hippocampus. 
B)  more activation in the hippocampus early in learning than late in learning. 
C)  more activation in the hippocampus late in learning than early in learning. 
D)  no activation in the hippocampus at any time. 
A)  comparable activation early versus late in the hippocampus. 
B)  more activation in the hippocampus early in learning than late in learning. 
C)  more activation in the hippocampus late in learning than early in learning. 
D)  no activation in the hippocampus at any time.

Question 18

Anderson (2007)found that,after 5 days of practice with math problems,there was:

Accepted Answer

A)  comparable activation in the prefrontal cortex early in practice and late in practice. 
B)  more activation in the prefrontal cortex early in practice than late in practice. 
C)  more activation in the prefrontal cortex late in practice than early in practice. 
D)  no activation of the prefrontal cortex at any time. 
A)  comparable activation in the prefrontal cortex early in practice and late in practice. 
B)  more activation in the prefrontal cortex early in practice than late in practice. 
C)  more activation in the prefrontal cortex late in practice than early in practice. 
D)  no activation of the prefrontal cortex at any time.

Question 19

Compare long-term memory of experts with that of novices.

Accepted Answer

•Chess experts have an increased capacit

Question 20

Private human tutoring is:

Accepted Answer

A)  very ineffective. 
B)  somewhat ineffective. 
C)  somewhat effective. 
D)  very effective. 
A)  very ineffective. 
B)  somewhat ineffective. 
C)  somewhat effective. 
D)  very effective.

Humans are the only species that:

In the _____ stage of skill acquisition,connections among the elements required for successful performance are strengthened.

As individuals become more proficient at a task,they seem to use _____ of their brains to perform that task.

Adults do not grow new neurons.

As participants learn to read transformed text,activity in the _____ decreases.

According to Skoyles (1999),what ability allowed humans to spread throughout the world?

According to the _____,transfer of skills will span domains that have no content in common.

A great deal of deliberate practice is necessary to develop expertise in any field.

How can intelligent tutors help students to master complex skills?

As one becomes more proficient at a task,what brain change occurs?

Which statement is an accurate description of the brain activity of participants in Qin,et al.'s (2003)study of mental activity during problem solving?

Ericsson,et al.(1993)argues for which position regarding development of expertise?

The theory of identical elements was _____ in its predictions.

Compare the doctrine of formal discipline with the theory of identical elements.

The benefit of further practice:

_____ refers to a process by which individuals learn to organize their problem solving.

Using PET,Jenkins et al.(1994)found that there was:

Anderson (2007)found that,after 5 days of practice with math problems,there was:

Compare long-term memory of experts with that of novices.

Private human tutoring is:

The Science of Cognition

Perception

Attention and Performance

Mental Imagery

Representation of Knowledge

Human Memory: Encoding and Storage

Human Memory: Retention and Retrieval

Problem Solving

Reasoning

Decision Making

Language Structure

Language Comprehension

Individual Differences in Cognition

Filters

Exam 9: Expertise

Humans are the only species that:

In the _____ stage of skill acquisition,connections among the elements required for successful performance are strengthened.

As individuals become more proficient at a task,they seem to use _____ of their brains to perform that task.

Adults do not grow new neurons.

As participants learn to read transformed text,activity in the _____ decreases.

According to Skoyles (1999),what ability allowed humans to spread throughout the world?

According to the _____,transfer of skills will span domains that have no content in common.

A great deal of deliberate practice is necessary to develop expertise in any field.

How can intelligent tutors help students to master complex skills?

As one becomes more proficient at a task,what brain change occurs?

Which statement is an accurate description of the brain activity of participants in Qin,et al.'s (2003)study of mental activity during problem solving?

Ericsson,et al.(1993)argues for which position regarding development of expertise?

The theory of identical elements was _____ in its predictions.

Compare the doctrine of formal discipline with the theory of identical elements.

The benefit of further practice:

_____ refers to a process by which individuals learn to organize their problem solving.

Using PET,Jenkins et al.(1994)found that there was:

Anderson (2007)found that,after 5 days of practice with math problems,there was:

Compare long-term memory of experts with that of novices.

Private human tutoring is:

The Science of Cognition

Perception

Attention and Performance

Mental Imagery

Representation of Knowledge

Human Memory: Encoding and Storage

Human Memory: Retention and Retrieval

Problem Solving

Reasoning

Decision Making

Language Structure

Language Comprehension

Individual Differences in Cognition

Filters