Question 1

In considering possible ancestors to the genus Homo, a good ancestor would NOT have which trait?

Accepted Answer

A)  be highly specialized 
B)  be less derived than potential descendants 
C)  exist substantially earlier than descendant groups 
D)  have characteristics that will develop further in descendant groups 
A)  be highly specialized 
B)  be less derived than potential descendants 
C)  exist substantially earlier than descendant groups 
D)  have characteristics that will develop further in descendant groups

Question 2

Most scientists agree that __________ is the most likely root ancestor of the australopithecines.

Accepted Answer

A)  Au. aethiopicus 
B)  Au. anamensis 
C)  Au. bahrelghazali 
D)  K. playtops 
A)  Au. aethiopicus 
B)  Au. anamensis 
C)  Au. bahrelghazali 
D)  K. playtops

Question 3

A. africanus is considered to be more derived than A. afarensis for all the following reasons EXCEPT __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  A. africanus has a cranial capacity of 450-550 cc 
B)  A. africanus lacks cranial crests 
C)  A. africanus shows greater facial prognathism 
D)  A. africanus has small anterior teeth 
A)  A. africanus has a cranial capacity of 450-550 cc 
B)  A. africanus lacks cranial crests 
C)  A. africanus shows greater facial prognathism 
D)  A. africanus has small anterior teeth

Question 4

Australopithecine species that shared the same environments at the same time show __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the quick extinction of one of the species based on food competition 
B)  a symbiotic relationship between the species 
C)  morphological differences that suggest a lack of direct competition for food 
D)  evidence for interbreeding between the species 
A)  the quick extinction of one of the species based on food competition 
B)  a symbiotic relationship between the species 
C)  morphological differences that suggest a lack of direct competition for food 
D)  evidence for interbreeding between the species

Question 5

The high degree of sexual dimorphism in A. afarensis suggests __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  that individuals of the species lived alone 
B)  that the species was monogamous 
C)  that the social group was comprised of a nuclear family 
D)  that the species was not monogamous 
A)  that individuals of the species lived alone 
B)  that the species was monogamous 
C)  that the social group was comprised of a nuclear family 
D)  that the species was not monogamous

Question 6

The dental arcade of modern humans is __________, while that of apes is__________.

Accepted Answer

A)  U-shaped/ curved 
B)  larger/ smaller 
C)  prognathic/ curved 
D)  curved/ U-shaped 
A)  U-shaped/ curved 
B)  larger/ smaller 
C)  prognathic/ curved 
D)  curved/ U-shaped

Question 7

The masseter, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoid muscles are as a group called the muscles of mastication.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a reason why the earliest hominin species has not been identified?

Accepted Answer

A)  The fossil record for hominins between 10 and 6 million years ago is poorly represented 
B)  no hominin finds date from the period from 7 to 4.4 million years ago 
C)  hominin fossils from the late Miocene are very fragmentary and show only slight differences from apes 
D)  there are several possible candidates still under analysis 
A)  The fossil record for hominins between 10 and 6 million years ago is poorly represented 
B)  no hominin finds date from the period from 7 to 4.4 million years ago 
C)  hominin fossils from the late Miocene are very fragmentary and show only slight differences from apes 
D)  there are several possible candidates still under analysis

Question 9

What clues concerning the social lives of early hominins are revealed by australopithecine physiology? What is a likely scenario for australopithecine social group composition and organization based on this evidence?

Accepted Answer

The physiology of australopithecines pro

Question 10

The Toumai fossil, or Sahelanthropus tchadensis was discovered in __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chad 
B)  Mali 
C)  Ethiopia 
D)  Tanzania 
A)  Chad 
B)  Mali 
C)  Ethiopia 
D)  Tanzania

Question 11

Australopithecines show __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  no reduction of the canine, but partial reduction of the diastema 
B)  an essentially ape-like dentition 
C)  some reduction of the canine and partial reduction or absence of the diastema 
D)  some reduction of the canine, but an ape-like diastema 
A)  no reduction of the canine, but partial reduction of the diastema 
B)  an essentially ape-like dentition 
C)  some reduction of the canine and partial reduction or absence of the diastema 
D)  some reduction of the canine, but an ape-like diastema

Question 12

The Taung child was identified by __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mary Leakey 
B)  Richard Leakey 
C)  Donald Johanson 
D)  Raymond Dart 
A)  Mary Leakey 
B)  Richard Leakey 
C)  Donald Johanson 
D)  Raymond Dart

Question 13

The site where Toumai was found was __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a heavily forested tropical area 
B)  an open semi-arid area 
C)  an area of rolling grassland 
D)  a dry, lightly forested area near a lakeshore 
A)  a heavily forested tropical area 
B)  an open semi-arid area 
C)  an area of rolling grassland 
D)  a dry, lightly forested area near a lakeshore

Question 14

Based on hand anatomy, robust australopithecines may have __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  never used tools 
B)  been among the earliest makers of stone tools 
C)  been limited to using natural objects as tools 
D)  been clumsier tool makers than contemporary gracile australopithecines 
A)  never used tools 
B)  been among the earliest makers of stone tools 
C)  been limited to using natural objects as tools 
D)  been clumsier tool makers than contemporary gracile australopithecines

Question 15

Lucy is significant because __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  of her surprisingly small brain size 
B)  the very early date of the specimen 
C)  the very complete nature of the skeleton 
D)  it is the sole representative of the afarensis species 
A)  of her surprisingly small brain size 
B)  the very early date of the specimen 
C)  the very complete nature of the skeleton 
D)  it is the sole representative of the afarensis species

Question 16

The Taung child belongs to which hominin species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Australopithecus afarensis 
B)  Australopithecus africanus 
C)  Australopithecus bahrelghazali 
D)  Homo erectus 
A)  Australopithecus afarensis 
B)  Australopithecus africanus 
C)  Australopithecus bahrelghazali 
D)  Homo erectus

Question 17

The majority of the fossil evidence of the earliest hominins has come from __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the Congo Basin in Central Africa 
B)  the Great Rift Valley of East Africa 
C)  sub-Saharan regions in Chad and Niger 
D)  South African caves 
A)  the Congo Basin in Central Africa 
B)  the Great Rift Valley of East Africa 
C)  sub-Saharan regions in Chad and Niger 
D)  South African caves

Question 18

Lucy was discovered by Donald Johanson at Hadar, in the Awash Valley of __________ in 1974.

Accepted Answer

A)  Kenya 
B)  Tanzania 
C)  South Africa 
D)  Ethiopia 
A)  Kenya 
B)  Tanzania 
C)  South Africa 
D)  Ethiopia

Question 19

Australopithecus afarensis lived from __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  4.2 to 3.5 mya 
B)  5.1 to 4.5 mya 
C)  3.9 to 2.9 mya 
D)  3.2 to 2.5 mya 
A)  4.2 to 3.5 mya 
B)  5.1 to 4.5 mya 
C)  3.9 to 2.9 mya 
D)  3.2 to 2.5 mya

Question 20

The other animals at Au. africanus sites suggest that these hominins were living in __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  water 
B)  open plains 
C)  mountainous terrain 
D)  open woodlands 
A)  water 
B)  open plains 
C)  mountainous terrain 
D)  open woodlands

In considering possible ancestors to the genus Homo, a good ancestor would NOT have which trait?

Most scientists agree that __________ is the most likely root ancestor of the australopithecines.

A. africanus is considered to be more derived than A. afarensis for all the following reasons EXCEPT __________.

Australopithecine species that shared the same environments at the same time show __________.

The high degree of sexual dimorphism in A. afarensis suggests __________.

The dental arcade of modern humans is , while that of apes is.

The masseter, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoid muscles are as a group called the muscles of mastication.

Which of the following is NOT a reason why the earliest hominin species has not been identified?

What clues concerning the social lives of early hominins are revealed by australopithecine physiology? What is a likely scenario for australopithecine social group composition and organization based on this evidence?

The Toumai fossil, or Sahelanthropus tchadensis was discovered in __________.

Australopithecines show __________.

The Taung child was identified by __________.

The site where Toumai was found was __________.

Based on hand anatomy, robust australopithecines may have __________.

Lucy is significant because __________.

The Taung child belongs to which hominin species?

The majority of the fossil evidence of the earliest hominins has come from __________.

Lucy was discovered by Donald Johanson at Hadar, in the Awash Valley of __________ in 1974.

Australopithecus afarensis lived from __________.

The other animals at Au. africanus sites suggest that these hominins were living in __________.

Introduction: What Is Biological Anthropology

Genetics: Cells and Molecules

Genetics: From Genotype to Phenotype

The Forces of Evolution and the Formation of Species

Human Variation: Evolution, Adaptation, and Adaptability

The Primates

Primate Behavior

Fossils in Geological Context

Origin of Primates

Becoming Human: the Ape-Hominin Transition

Origin and Evolution of the Genus Homo Tc L1

Archaic Homo Sapiens and Neandertals

The Emergence and Dispersal of Homo Sapiens

Evolution of the Brain and Language Tc L1

Biomedical Anthropology

The Evolution of Human Behavior

Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology

Origins of Evolutionary Thought

Filters

Exam 11: Early Hominins

In considering possible ancestors to the genus Homo, a good ancestor would NOT have which trait?

Most scientists agree that __________ is the most likely root ancestor of the australopithecines.

A. africanus is considered to be more derived than A. afarensis for all the following reasons EXCEPT __________.

Australopithecine species that shared the same environments at the same time show __________.

The high degree of sexual dimorphism in A. afarensis suggests __________.

The dental arcade of modern humans is __________, while that of apes is__________.

The masseter, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoid muscles are as a group called the muscles of mastication.

Which of the following is NOT a reason why the earliest hominin species has not been identified?

What clues concerning the social lives of early hominins are revealed by australopithecine physiology? What is a likely scenario for australopithecine social group composition and organization based on this evidence?

The Toumai fossil, or Sahelanthropus tchadensis was discovered in __________.

Australopithecines show __________.

The Taung child was identified by __________.

The site where Toumai was found was __________.

Based on hand anatomy, robust australopithecines may have __________.

Lucy is significant because __________.

The Taung child belongs to which hominin species?

The majority of the fossil evidence of the earliest hominins has come from __________.

Lucy was discovered by Donald Johanson at Hadar, in the Awash Valley of __________ in 1974.

Australopithecus afarensis lived from __________.

The other animals at Au. africanus sites suggest that these hominins were living in __________.

Introduction: What Is Biological Anthropology

Genetics: Cells and Molecules

Genetics: From Genotype to Phenotype

The Forces of Evolution and the Formation of Species

Human Variation: Evolution, Adaptation, and Adaptability

The Primates

Primate Behavior

Fossils in Geological Context

Origin of Primates

Becoming Human: the Ape-Hominin Transition

Origin and Evolution of the Genus Homo Tc L1

Archaic Homo Sapiens and Neandertals

The Emergence and Dispersal of Homo Sapiens

Evolution of the Brain and Language Tc L1

Biomedical Anthropology

The Evolution of Human Behavior

Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology

Origins of Evolutionary Thought

Filters

The dental arcade of modern humans is , while that of apes is.