Question 1

In modern humans the nuchal plane is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a horizontally flat region on the bottom of the skull 
B)  a convex bulge in the skull to accommodate an enlarged brain 
C)  a group of spiky bones to which the muscles of the neck attach 
D)  the back of the skull 
A)  a horizontally flat region on the bottom of the skull 
B)  a convex bulge in the skull to accommodate an enlarged brain 
C)  a group of spiky bones to which the muscles of the neck attach 
D)  the back of the skull A

Question 2

According to Dean Falk and Glenn Conroy bipedalism could have developed to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  make it possible to reach fruit in trees 
B)  see over tall grasses 
C)  dissipate heat 
D)  carry infants 
A)  make it possible to reach fruit in trees 
B)  see over tall grasses 
C)  dissipate heat 
D)  carry infants C

Question 3

The most influential of the dietary models for bipedalism is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the advantages of hunting with weapons 
B)  standing upright to collect fruit from trees 
C)  standing to collect handfuls of grass seeds 
D)  standing upright to increase the line of sight when looking for food 
A)  the advantages of hunting with weapons 
B)  standing upright to collect fruit from trees 
C)  standing to collect handfuls of grass seeds 
D)  standing upright to increase the line of sight when looking for food B

Question 4

The anterior gluteal muscles, which attach to the ilium, are rotated __________ in the biped.

Accepted Answer

A)  to the front and sides of the pelvis 
B)  to the bottom and sides of the pelvis 
C)  to the top and center of the pelvis 
D)  to the rear and center of the pelvis 
A)  to the front and sides of the pelvis 
B)  to the bottom and sides of the pelvis 
C)  to the top and center of the pelvis 
D)  to the rear and center of the pelvis

Question 5

Terry Deacon's research has shown that brain size in early hominin species __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  was a linear progression favoring greater intelligence 
B)  was largely the result of sexual dimorphism 
C)  was the result of brains scaled to different body sizes in hominin species 
D)  both increased and decreased over time until the appearance of modern humans 
A)  was a linear progression favoring greater intelligence 
B)  was largely the result of sexual dimorphism 
C)  was the result of brains scaled to different body sizes in hominin species 
D)  both increased and decreased over time until the appearance of modern humans

Question 6

A problem with the technological intelligence model for hominin brain expansion is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  that the tools suggested by the model are too complex for a small-brained hominin to produce 
B)  that tools were not used earlier than 2.5 million years ago 
C)  that simple tool use and production requires very little intelligence 
D)  that bipedalism occurred much earlier, and brain expansion occurred much later than the appearance and widespread use of stone tools 
A)  that the tools suggested by the model are too complex for a small-brained hominin to produce 
B)  that tools were not used earlier than 2.5 million years ago 
C)  that simple tool use and production requires very little intelligence 
D)  that bipedalism occurred much earlier, and brain expansion occurred much later than the appearance and widespread use of stone tools

Question 7

According to the Lovejoy model of bipedal evolution the number of ape species have declined compared to monkeys because

Accepted Answer

A)  monkeys can subsist on lower quality foods 
B)  monkeys are faster and more successful at escaping predators 
C)  apes reproduce at a much slower rate than monkeys 
D)  several ape species transitioned into hominin species 
A)  monkeys can subsist on lower quality foods 
B)  monkeys are faster and more successful at escaping predators 
C)  apes reproduce at a much slower rate than monkeys 
D)  several ape species transitioned into hominin species

Question 8

__________ suggest that the key impetus for the expansion of the brain was the selective advantage of being able to navigate and find food in a highly complex environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  Dietary models 
B)  Ecological intelligence models 
C)  Environmental intelligence models 
D)  Movement and provisioning models 
A)  Dietary models 
B)  Ecological intelligence models 
C)  Environmental intelligence models 
D)  Movement and provisioning models

Question 9

The concept of homology suggests that ___________ and ___________ should be central to using primate studies to reconstruct hominin behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  diet, environment 
B)  intelligence, social complexity 
C)  morphology, diet 
D)  social complexity, genetic comparisons 
A)  diet, environment 
B)  intelligence, social complexity 
C)  morphology, diet 
D)  social complexity, genetic comparisons

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of Isbell and Young's model based on crossing open territory to access food sources?

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in body size 
B)  an increase in the size of social groups 
C)  fusion-fission social groups 
D)  increased efficiency of bipedal locomotion 
A)  an increase in body size 
B)  an increase in the size of social groups 
C)  fusion-fission social groups 
D)  increased efficiency of bipedal locomotion

Question 11

A possible ecological scenario for the evolution of bipedalism is that increasing aridity lead to deforestation and the need to travel long distances to find fruit.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

One sexual selection model for bipedalism is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  it allows females to carry infants 
B)  it allows males to more effectively protect females 
C)  it makes males more effective fighters in mating contests 
D)  it makes males look more impressive during display behavior 
A)  it allows females to carry infants 
B)  it allows males to more effectively protect females 
C)  it makes males more effective fighters in mating contests 
D)  it makes males look more impressive during display behavior

Question 13

One change necessary to the vertebral column for bipeds is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  denser bone material in vertebrae 
B)  an S-shaped curvature 
C)  a straightening of the vertebral column 
D)  a complete reconfiguration of muscle attachments 
A)  denser bone material in vertebrae 
B)  an S-shaped curvature 
C)  a straightening of the vertebral column 
D)  a complete reconfiguration of muscle attachments

Question 14

Among the earliest developments in the hominin family is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  bipedal locomotion 
B)  prehensile hands 
C)  expanded cranial capacity 
D)  reduced facial prognathism 
A)  bipedal locomotion 
B)  prehensile hands 
C)  expanded cranial capacity 
D)  reduced facial prognathism

Question 15

In bipeds, the lumbar vertebrae are enlarged in order to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  more effectively bear weight 
B)  provide a strong anchor for the upper legs 
C)  enlarge the birth canal in females 
D)  correct for balance problems 
A)  more effectively bear weight 
B)  provide a strong anchor for the upper legs 
C)  enlarge the birth canal in females 
D)  correct for balance problems

Question 16

If the last common ancestor of chimpanzees and hominins was not a knucklewalker, knucklewalking developed before hominins existed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The __________ is the hole in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord connects to the brain.

Accepted Answer

A)  ischium 
B)  foramen magnum 
C)  coccyx 
D)  nuchal cavity 
A)  ischium 
B)  foramen magnum 
C)  coccyx 
D)  nuchal cavity

Question 18

Discuss ecological models for the expansion of primate intelligence. Why have these models become less popular currently?

Accepted Answer

Ecological models for the expansion of p

Question 19

The vertebral column is made up of the __________ regions.

Accepted Answer

A)  neck, thorax, lower back and pelvic 
B)  neck and spinal 
C)  lumbar and cervical 
D)  neck, spinal and sacrum 
A)  neck, thorax, lower back and pelvic 
B)  neck and spinal 
C)  lumbar and cervical 
D)  neck, spinal and sacrum

Question 20

The constraints of the narrow, bipedal pelvis on the width of the birth canal may be an evolutionary incentive for __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased pair bonding 
B)  the birth of more fully developed infants 
C)  shorter gestation periods 
D)  socially assisted birthing 
A)  increased pair bonding 
B)  the birth of more fully developed infants 
C)  shorter gestation periods 
D)  socially assisted birthing

In modern humans the nuchal plane is __________.

According to Dean Falk and Glenn Conroy bipedalism could have developed to __________.

The most influential of the dietary models for bipedalism is __________.

The anterior gluteal muscles, which attach to the ilium, are rotated __________ in the biped.

Terry Deacon's research has shown that brain size in early hominin species __________.

A problem with the technological intelligence model for hominin brain expansion is __________.

According to the Lovejoy model of bipedal evolution the number of ape species have declined compared to monkeys because

__________ suggest that the key impetus for the expansion of the brain was the selective advantage of being able to navigate and find food in a highly complex environment.

The concept of homology suggests that _ and _ should be central to using primate studies to reconstruct hominin behavior.

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of Isbell and Young's model based on crossing open territory to access food sources?

A possible ecological scenario for the evolution of bipedalism is that increasing aridity lead to deforestation and the need to travel long distances to find fruit.

One sexual selection model for bipedalism is __________.

One change necessary to the vertebral column for bipeds is __________.

Among the earliest developments in the hominin family is __________.

In bipeds, the lumbar vertebrae are enlarged in order to __________.

If the last common ancestor of chimpanzees and hominins was not a knucklewalker, knucklewalking developed before hominins existed.

The __________ is the hole in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord connects to the brain.

Discuss ecological models for the expansion of primate intelligence. Why have these models become less popular currently?

The vertebral column is made up of the __________ regions.

The constraints of the narrow, bipedal pelvis on the width of the birth canal may be an evolutionary incentive for __________.

Introduction: What Is Biological Anthropology

Genetics: Cells and Molecules

Genetics: From Genotype to Phenotype

The Forces of Evolution and the Formation of Species

Human Variation: Evolution, Adaptation, and Adaptability

The Primates

Primate Behavior

Fossils in Geological Context

Origin of Primates

Early Hominins

Origin and Evolution of the Genus Homo Tc L1

Archaic Homo Sapiens and Neandertals

The Emergence and Dispersal of Homo Sapiens

Evolution of the Brain and Language Tc L1

Biomedical Anthropology

The Evolution of Human Behavior

Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology

Origins of Evolutionary Thought

Filters

Exam 10: Becoming Human: the Ape-Hominin Transition

In modern humans the nuchal plane is __________.

According to Dean Falk and Glenn Conroy bipedalism could have developed to __________.

The most influential of the dietary models for bipedalism is __________.

The anterior gluteal muscles, which attach to the ilium, are rotated __________ in the biped.

Terry Deacon's research has shown that brain size in early hominin species __________.

A problem with the technological intelligence model for hominin brain expansion is __________.

According to the Lovejoy model of bipedal evolution the number of ape species have declined compared to monkeys because

__________ suggest that the key impetus for the expansion of the brain was the selective advantage of being able to navigate and find food in a highly complex environment.

The concept of homology suggests that ___________ and ___________ should be central to using primate studies to reconstruct hominin behavior.

Which of the following is NOT an aspect of Isbell and Young's model based on crossing open territory to access food sources?

A possible ecological scenario for the evolution of bipedalism is that increasing aridity lead to deforestation and the need to travel long distances to find fruit.

One sexual selection model for bipedalism is __________.

One change necessary to the vertebral column for bipeds is __________.

Among the earliest developments in the hominin family is __________.

In bipeds, the lumbar vertebrae are enlarged in order to __________.

If the last common ancestor of chimpanzees and hominins was not a knucklewalker, knucklewalking developed before hominins existed.

The __________ is the hole in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord connects to the brain.

Discuss ecological models for the expansion of primate intelligence. Why have these models become less popular currently?

The vertebral column is made up of the __________ regions.

The constraints of the narrow, bipedal pelvis on the width of the birth canal may be an evolutionary incentive for __________.

Introduction: What Is Biological Anthropology

Genetics: Cells and Molecules

Genetics: From Genotype to Phenotype

The Forces of Evolution and the Formation of Species

Human Variation: Evolution, Adaptation, and Adaptability

The Primates

Primate Behavior

Fossils in Geological Context

Origin of Primates

Early Hominins

Origin and Evolution of the Genus Homo Tc L1

Archaic Homo Sapiens and Neandertals

The Emergence and Dispersal of Homo Sapiens

Evolution of the Brain and Language Tc L1

Biomedical Anthropology

The Evolution of Human Behavior

Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology

Origins of Evolutionary Thought

Filters

The concept of homology suggests that _ and _ should be central to using primate studies to reconstruct hominin behavior.