Question 1

Today, humans are the only bipedal mammals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a scenario for the evolution of bipedalism?

Accepted Answer

A)  energy efficiency 
B)  tool making 
C)  ecology 
D)  sexual selection 
A)  energy efficiency 
B)  tool making 
C)  ecology 
D)  sexual selection

Question 3

A bipedal foot contains both a transverse and a longitudinal arch.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

What environmental changes are taking place in Africa during the time that bipedalism developed and the hominin line diverged? How might these changes have favored bipedalism?

Accepted Answer

During the time that bipedalism develope

Question 5

Evidence exists that frugivorous primate species have __________ than folivorous primate species.

Accepted Answer

A)  more efficient calorie-burning metabolisms 
B)  greater mobility 
C)  larger digestive systems 
D)  greater brain to body ratios 
A)  more efficient calorie-burning metabolisms 
B)  greater mobility 
C)  larger digestive systems 
D)  greater brain to body ratios

Question 6

Outline the "radiator" hypothesis for the evolution of bipedalism. Include both the effects of body orientation of bipeds and blood circulation.

Accepted Answer

The "radiator" hypothesis for the evolut

Question 7

Research suggests that differences in tool use among chimpanzee populations is the result of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic differences 
B)  cultural traditions 
C)  environmental differences 
D)  intelligence 
A)  genetic differences 
B)  cultural traditions 
C)  environmental differences 
D)  intelligence

Question 8

While the femur of a quadruped is straight, the femur of a biped is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  curved 
B)  angled inward to the knee 
C)  reduced at the knee 
D)  angled outward to the knee 
A)  curved 
B)  angled inward to the knee 
C)  reduced at the knee 
D)  angled outward to the knee

Question 9

While walking, a biped must always balance its weight __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  on two legs 
B)  on one leg 
C)  by shifting its weight directly above the leg on the ground 
D)  by swinging its arms 
A)  on two legs 
B)  on one leg 
C)  by shifting its weight directly above the leg on the ground 
D)  by swinging its arms

Question 10

The length of the arms decreased in hominin species over time because __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  shorter arms improve balance 
B)  shorter arms increased tool-making ability 
C)  the arms were no longer weight bearing 
D)  the arms were used for carrying items 
A)  shorter arms improve balance 
B)  shorter arms increased tool-making ability 
C)  the arms were no longer weight bearing 
D)  the arms were used for carrying items

Question 11

The anatomical shift from quadrupedalism came after a behavioral shift began in the ape ancestor of the hominin line.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Foot arches help reduce the incidence of __________ to the lower leg.

Accepted Answer

A)  sprains 
B)  torn muscles 
C)  bone spurs 
D)  fatigue fractures 
A)  sprains 
B)  torn muscles 
C)  bone spurs 
D)  fatigue fractures

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT an element of the "radiator" hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  bipeds expose less of their bodies to the sun than quadrupeds 
B)  bipeds are farther from the ground and exposed to cooling air 
C)  body hair traps cooling moist air close to the skin 
D)  the blood flow system bipeds have to move blood against gravity also works to cool the brain 
A)  bipeds expose less of their bodies to the sun than quadrupeds 
B)  bipeds are farther from the ground and exposed to cooling air 
C)  body hair traps cooling moist air close to the skin 
D)  the blood flow system bipeds have to move blood against gravity also works to cool the brain

Question 14

Most scientists agree that energy efficiency is the prime mover for the development of bipedalism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Describe the anatomical changes that are required for the transition from quadrupedalism to bipedalism. Be sure to include changes in the legs, feet, pelvis, spinal column and skull.

Accepted Answer

The transition from quadrupedalism to bi

Question 16

Summarize ecological and dietary scenarios for the evolution of bipedalism.

Accepted Answer

The evolution of bipedalism is thought t

Question 17

Natural selection will always select for a bigger brain over other possible solutions if a larger brain is possible.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Tool use is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ecological intelligence 
B)  social intelligence 
C)  technical intelligence 
D)  environmental intelligence 
A)  ecological intelligence 
B)  social intelligence 
C)  technical intelligence 
D)  environmental intelligence

Question 19

Discuss the technical school of thought for the expansion of primate intelligence. Be sure to include evidence from studies of non-human primates.

Accepted Answer

The technical school of thought for the

Question 20

Compared to the pelvis of a quadruped, the pelvis of a biped is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  extremely dense and heavy 
B)  elongated and fan-shaped 
C)  broader and bowl-shaped 
D)  almost the same except for the number of bones 
A)  extremely dense and heavy 
B)  elongated and fan-shaped 
C)  broader and bowl-shaped 
D)  almost the same except for the number of bones

Today, humans are the only bipedal mammals.

Which of the following is NOT a scenario for the evolution of bipedalism?

A bipedal foot contains both a transverse and a longitudinal arch.

What environmental changes are taking place in Africa during the time that bipedalism developed and the hominin line diverged? How might these changes have favored bipedalism?

Evidence exists that frugivorous primate species have __________ than folivorous primate species.

Outline the "radiator" hypothesis for the evolution of bipedalism. Include both the effects of body orientation of bipeds and blood circulation.

Research suggests that differences in tool use among chimpanzee populations is the result of __________.

While the femur of a quadruped is straight, the femur of a biped is __________.

While walking, a biped must always balance its weight __________.

The length of the arms decreased in hominin species over time because __________.

The anatomical shift from quadrupedalism came after a behavioral shift began in the ape ancestor of the hominin line.

Foot arches help reduce the incidence of __________ to the lower leg.

Which of the following is NOT an element of the "radiator" hypothesis?

Most scientists agree that energy efficiency is the prime mover for the development of bipedalism.

Describe the anatomical changes that are required for the transition from quadrupedalism to bipedalism. Be sure to include changes in the legs, feet, pelvis, spinal column and skull.

Summarize ecological and dietary scenarios for the evolution of bipedalism.

Natural selection will always select for a bigger brain over other possible solutions if a larger brain is possible.

Tool use is an example of __________.

Discuss the technical school of thought for the expansion of primate intelligence. Be sure to include evidence from studies of non-human primates.

Compared to the pelvis of a quadruped, the pelvis of a biped is __________.

Introduction: What Is Biological Anthropology

Genetics: Cells and Molecules

Genetics: From Genotype to Phenotype

The Forces of Evolution and the Formation of Species

Human Variation: Evolution, Adaptation, and Adaptability

The Primates

Primate Behavior

Fossils in Geological Context

Origin of Primates

Early Hominins

Origin and Evolution of the Genus Homo Tc L1

Archaic Homo Sapiens and Neandertals

The Emergence and Dispersal of Homo Sapiens

Evolution of the Brain and Language Tc L1

Biomedical Anthropology

The Evolution of Human Behavior

Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology

Origins of Evolutionary Thought

Filters

Exam 10: Becoming Human: the Ape-Hominin Transition

Today, humans are the only bipedal mammals.

Which of the following is NOT a scenario for the evolution of bipedalism?

A bipedal foot contains both a transverse and a longitudinal arch.

What environmental changes are taking place in Africa during the time that bipedalism developed and the hominin line diverged? How might these changes have favored bipedalism?

Evidence exists that frugivorous primate species have __________ than folivorous primate species.

Outline the "radiator" hypothesis for the evolution of bipedalism. Include both the effects of body orientation of bipeds and blood circulation.

Research suggests that differences in tool use among chimpanzee populations is the result of __________.

While the femur of a quadruped is straight, the femur of a biped is __________.

While walking, a biped must always balance its weight __________.

The length of the arms decreased in hominin species over time because __________.

The anatomical shift from quadrupedalism came after a behavioral shift began in the ape ancestor of the hominin line.

Foot arches help reduce the incidence of __________ to the lower leg.

Which of the following is NOT an element of the "radiator" hypothesis?

Most scientists agree that energy efficiency is the prime mover for the development of bipedalism.

Describe the anatomical changes that are required for the transition from quadrupedalism to bipedalism. Be sure to include changes in the legs, feet, pelvis, spinal column and skull.

Summarize ecological and dietary scenarios for the evolution of bipedalism.

Natural selection will always select for a bigger brain over other possible solutions if a larger brain is possible.

Tool use is an example of __________.

Discuss the technical school of thought for the expansion of primate intelligence. Be sure to include evidence from studies of non-human primates.

Compared to the pelvis of a quadruped, the pelvis of a biped is __________.

Introduction: What Is Biological Anthropology

Genetics: Cells and Molecules

Genetics: From Genotype to Phenotype

The Forces of Evolution and the Formation of Species

Human Variation: Evolution, Adaptation, and Adaptability

The Primates

Primate Behavior

Fossils in Geological Context

Origin of Primates

Early Hominins

Origin and Evolution of the Genus Homo Tc L1

Archaic Homo Sapiens and Neandertals

The Emergence and Dispersal of Homo Sapiens

Evolution of the Brain and Language Tc L1

Biomedical Anthropology

The Evolution of Human Behavior

Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology

Origins of Evolutionary Thought

Filters