Question 1

Which part of working memory does not actually store information,but instead guides attention and ensures that the other components are working on the appropriate task?

Accepted Answer

A) the phonological loop 
B) the central executive 
C) the episodic buffer 
D) the visuospatial sketchpad 
A) the phonological loop 
B) the central executive 
C) the episodic buffer 
D) the visuospatial sketchpad B

Question 2

The _______________is a storage component of working memory that relies on rehearsal and stores information as sounds,or an auditory code.

Accepted Answer

A) phonological loop 
B) central executive 
C) episodic buffer 
D) visuospatial sketchpad 
A) phonological loop 
B) central executive 
C) episodic buffer 
D) visuospatial sketchpad A

Question 3

One potential drawback to the use of mnemonic devices is that they

Accepted Answer

A) can help with rote memorization;they may not improve your understanding of material. 
B) can lead to the formation of false memories that seem real. 
C) cannot be used to remember more than approximately 20 items. 
D) are usually only useful for remembering information for short periods of time. 
A) can help with rote memorization;they may not improve your understanding of material. 
B) can lead to the formation of false memories that seem real. 
C) cannot be used to remember more than approximately 20 items. 
D) are usually only useful for remembering information for short periods of time. A

Question 4

Steve was recalling his first day in college,including walking into the wrong class,dropping his books as he left,and the long line at the registrar's office he encountered when he had to switch classes.These memories are examples of

Accepted Answer

A) semantic memory. 
B) nondeclarative memory. 
C) procedural memory. 
D) episodic memory. 
A) semantic memory. 
B) nondeclarative memory. 
C) procedural memory. 
D) episodic memory.

Question 5

Recent research suggests that working memory includes a(n)_______________,which acts as a storage component of working memory that combines the images and sounds from the other two components into coherent,story-like episodes.

Accepted Answer

A) phonological loop 
B) central executive 
C) episodic buffer 
D) visuospatial sketchpad 
A) phonological loop 
B) central executive 
C) episodic buffer 
D) visuospatial sketchpad

Question 6

A __________ is an organized cluster of memories that constitutes one's knowledge about events,objects,and ideas .

Accepted Answer

A) chunk 
B) mnemonic 
C) primer 
D) schema 
A) chunk 
B) mnemonic 
C) primer 
D) schema

Question 7

Mariska cannot remember events that occurred in her life prior to three years of age.She is most likely experiencing

Accepted Answer

A) anterograde amnesia. 
B) infantile amnesia. 
C) repression. 
D) traumatic amnesia. 
A) anterograde amnesia. 
B) infantile amnesia. 
C) repression. 
D) traumatic amnesia.

Question 8

Which of the following situations is most likely to lead to the misinformation effect?

Accepted Answer

A) Professor Weiss asked his chemistry students how terrifying the explosion was. 
B) Jared's mother asks him about his day at school. 
C) The police detective asked the witness to describe what happened. 
D) Danny asks his girlfriend what they had for dinner last night. 
A) Professor Weiss asked his chemistry students how terrifying the explosion was. 
B) Jared's mother asks him about his day at school. 
C) The police detective asked the witness to describe what happened. 
D) Danny asks his girlfriend what they had for dinner last night.

Question 9

Which of the following correctly describes the basic levels of processing (LOP)effect?

Accepted Answer

A) The longer someone is exposed to information,the more they will encode. 
B) Long-term memories are processed at a deeper level than short-term memories. 
C) Thinking deeply about information leads to better encoding than shallow thinking. 
D) Memories are easier to recall in the same context they were originally processed and encoded. 
A) The longer someone is exposed to information,the more they will encode. 
B) Long-term memories are processed at a deeper level than short-term memories. 
C) Thinking deeply about information leads to better encoding than shallow thinking. 
D) Memories are easier to recall in the same context they were originally processed and encoded.

Question 10

According to the serial-position effect,if you are shown a list of items and then asked to immediately recall them

Accepted Answer

A) you will most easily recall items from the beginning and the middle of the list. 
B) you will most easily recall items from the beginning and the end of the list. 
C) you will most easily recall items from the middle and the end of the list. 
D) retention of any particular item is based on emotional valence,not its position in the list. 
A) you will most easily recall items from the beginning and the middle of the list. 
B) you will most easily recall items from the beginning and the end of the list. 
C) you will most easily recall items from the middle and the end of the list. 
D) retention of any particular item is based on emotional valence,not its position in the list.

Question 11

Using the terminology of computer science,_____________ is the input process to long-term memory and ____________ is the output.

Accepted Answer

A) encoding;storage 
B) encoding;retrieval 
C) storage;retrieval 
D) chunking;storage 
A) encoding;storage 
B) encoding;retrieval 
C) storage;retrieval 
D) chunking;storage

Question 12

___________ memories could be called "knowing that" memories,while ____________ memories could be called "knowing how" memories.

Accepted Answer

A) Procedural;declarative 
B) Nondeclarative;procedural 
C) Declarative;nondeclarative 
D) Nondeclarative;declarative 
A) Procedural;declarative 
B) Nondeclarative;procedural 
C) Declarative;nondeclarative 
D) Nondeclarative;declarative

Question 13

When asked to recall single-digit numbers presented in various digit span sizes,the typical adult would probably start to encounter difficulty once they got past ________ digits.

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 5 
D) 7 
A) 3 
B) 4 
C) 5 
D) 7

Question 14

In the Brown-Peterson test,subjects read a trigram (an unpronounceable series of three letters),and are then asked to count backwards by threes from a given number.What is the purpose of having the subjects count backward?

Accepted Answer

A) To test if the subject can multitask. 
B) To test if they can remember how to subtract. 
C) To interfere with the subject's ability to rehearse the trigram. 
D) To determine if numerical and phonetic memories are stored in different areas of the brain. 
A) To test if the subject can multitask. 
B) To test if they can remember how to subtract. 
C) To interfere with the subject's ability to rehearse the trigram. 
D) To determine if numerical and phonetic memories are stored in different areas of the brain.

Question 15

Who is most likely suffering from retrograde amnesia?

Accepted Answer

A) Billy,who can't seem to learn a foreign language. 
B) Margie,who can't remember much of anything prior to being attacked on the street after a late-night party. 
C) Cecil,who cannot remember long telephone numbers without writing them down right away. 
D) Mariana,who struggles to remember the names of the people she just met. 
A) Billy,who can't seem to learn a foreign language. 
B) Margie,who can't remember much of anything prior to being attacked on the street after a late-night party. 
C) Cecil,who cannot remember long telephone numbers without writing them down right away. 
D) Mariana,who struggles to remember the names of the people she just met.

Question 16

Alice was distracted when her friend asked her a question.She started to ask her friend to repeat the question,when she suddenly realized what her friend had been asking her.This is likely because the question was still stored in her

Accepted Answer

A) working memory. 
B) short-term memory. 
C) long-term memory. 
D) sensory memory. 
A) working memory. 
B) short-term memory. 
C) long-term memory. 
D) sensory memory.

Question 17

A researcher identifies a neuron in the brain that sends signals to a second neuron.After stimulating the neurons,the researcher finds that the signal being sent between the neurons is stronger than before.Which phenomenon can explain this result?

Accepted Answer

A) consolidation 
B) cross-cortical storage 
C) long-term potentiation 
D) interference 
A) consolidation 
B) cross-cortical storage 
C) long-term potentiation 
D) interference

Question 18

The Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory consists of ____________,which retain information in memory without using it for any specific purpose,and ____________,which shift information from one type of memory to another.

Accepted Answer

A) central executives;episodic buffers 
B) episodic buffers;central executives 
C) stores;control processes 
D) control processes;stores 
A) central executives;episodic buffers 
B) episodic buffers;central executives 
C) stores;control processes 
D) control processes;stores

Question 19

Mimi is recovering from serious back surgery and has been taking pain medication for the last several days.She has received multiple phone calls from friends and family.Later that week,off her medication,she can't seem to remember the names of anyone who called her.Which of the following provides the best explanation for her memory failure?

Accepted Answer

A) context-dependent learning 
B) state-dependent learning 
C) retroactive interference 
D) proactive interference 
A) context-dependent learning 
B) state-dependent learning 
C) retroactive interference 
D) proactive interference

Question 20

The type of memory that is most like an encyclopedia or a dictionary is

Accepted Answer

A) emotional memory. 
B) episodic memory. 
C) procedural memory. 
D) semantic memory. 
A) emotional memory. 
B) episodic memory. 
C) procedural memory. 
D) semantic memory.

Exam 7: B: Memory

Which part of working memory does not actually store information,but instead guides attention and ensures that the other components are working on the appropriate task?

The _______________is a storage component of working memory that relies on rehearsal and stores information as sounds,or an auditory code.

One potential drawback to the use of mnemonic devices is that they

Steve was recalling his first day in college,including walking into the wrong class,dropping his books as he left,and the long line at the registrar's office he encountered when he had to switch classes.These memories are examples of

Recent research suggests that working memory includes a(n)_______________,which acts as a storage component of working memory that combines the images and sounds from the other two components into coherent,story-like episodes.

A __________ is an organized cluster of memories that constitutes one's knowledge about events,objects,and ideas .

Mariska cannot remember events that occurred in her life prior to three years of age.She is most likely experiencing

Which of the following situations is most likely to lead to the misinformation effect?

Which of the following correctly describes the basic levels of processing (LOP)effect?

According to the serial-position effect,if you are shown a list of items and then asked to immediately recall them

Using the terminology of computer science,_____________ is the input process to long-term memory and ____________ is the output.

___________ memories could be called "knowing that" memories,while ____________ memories could be called "knowing how" memories.

When asked to recall single-digit numbers presented in various digit span sizes,the typical adult would probably start to encounter difficulty once they got past ________ digits.

In the Brown-Peterson test,subjects read a trigram (an unpronounceable series of three letters),and are then asked to count backwards by threes from a given number.What is the purpose of having the subjects count backward?

Who is most likely suffering from retrograde amnesia?

Alice was distracted when her friend asked her a question.She started to ask her friend to repeat the question,when she suddenly realized what her friend had been asking her.This is likely because the question was still stored in her

A researcher identifies a neuron in the brain that sends signals to a second neuron.After stimulating the neurons,the researcher finds that the signal being sent between the neurons is stronger than before.Which phenomenon can explain this result?

The Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory consists of ____________,which retain information in memory without using it for any specific purpose,and ____________,which shift information from one type of memory to another.

The type of memory that is most like an encyclopedia or a dictionary is

A: Introducing Psychological Science

B: Introducing Psychological Science

C: Introducing Psychological Science

D: Introducing Psychological Science

E: Introducing Psychological Science

A: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

B: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

C: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

D: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

E: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

A: Biological Psychology

B: Biological Psychology

C: Biological Psychology

D: Biological Psychology

E: Biological Psychology

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

E: Sensation and Perception

A: Consciousness

B: Consciousness

C: Consciousness

D: Consciousness

E: Consciousness

A: Learning

B: Learning

C: Learning

D: Learning

E: Learning

A: Memory

C: Memory

D: Memory

E: Memory

A: Thought and Language

B: Thought and Language

C: Thought and Language

D: Thought and Language

E: Thought and Language

A: Intelligence Testing

B: Intelligence Testing

C: Intelligence Testing

D: Intelligence Testing

E: Intelligence Testing

A: Lifespan Development

B: Lifespan Development

C: Lifespan Development

D: Lifespan Development

E: Lifespan Development

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

Emotivation and Emotion

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

E: Personality

A: Social Psychology

Using the terminology of computer science,_ is the input process to long-term memory and is the output.

_ memories could be called "knowing that" memories,while __ memories could be called "knowing how" memories.

The Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory consists of ,which retain information in memory without using it for any specific purpose,and ,which shift information from one type of memory to another.