Question 1

Which of the following is the best definition for language?

Accepted Answer

A) a form of communication involving the use of spoken,written,or gestural symbols that are combined in a rule-based form 
B) any set of signals used to communicate information between members of a species 
C) a set of words with specific meanings and relationships 
D) a bidirectional mapping of sounds and vocalizations to specific objects,ideas,and actions 
A) a form of communication involving the use of spoken,written,or gestural symbols that are combined in a rule-based form 
B) any set of signals used to communicate information between members of a species 
C) a set of words with specific meanings and relationships 
D) a bidirectional mapping of sounds and vocalizations to specific objects,ideas,and actions

Question 2

Many people categorize tomatoes as a vegetable,even though they technically meet the scientific definition for a fruit.A likely reason for this is that

Accepted Answer

A) they are using classical categorization. 
B) tomatoes only belong in a category of their own. 
C) tomatoes are closer to most people's prototype for a vegetable than their prototype for a fruit. 
D) the tomato is a common prototype for fruit. 
A) they are using classical categorization. 
B) tomatoes only belong in a category of their own. 
C) tomatoes are closer to most people's prototype for a vegetable than their prototype for a fruit. 
D) the tomato is a common prototype for fruit.

Question 3

Concepts and categories are important because they allow us to

Accepted Answer

A) classify objects or ideas as belonging to one single group and no others. 
B) avoid using prototypes in most situations. 
C) develop mental sets which help us solve new problems. 
D) organize and manage tremendous amounts of information. 
A) classify objects or ideas as belonging to one single group and no others. 
B) avoid using prototypes in most situations. 
C) develop mental sets which help us solve new problems. 
D) organize and manage tremendous amounts of information.

Question 4

Seventy percent of the students in a classroom are women and 30 percent are men.One student is described as ambitious,athletic,and assertive.Why are most people likely to think this description refers to a male student?

Accepted Answer

A) The anchoring effect can lead to gender bias. 
B) They are using the representativeness heuristic. 
C) People seek only confirming information. 
D) People tend to make relative comparisons. 
A) The anchoring effect can lead to gender bias. 
B) They are using the representativeness heuristic. 
C) People seek only confirming information. 
D) People tend to make relative comparisons.

Question 5

Which of the following is both a single phoneme AND a morpheme?

Accepted Answer

A) the "th" at the beginning of think 
B) the "s" at the end of cats 
C) the word mom 
D) the "psy" in psychology 
A) the "th" at the beginning of think 
B) the "s" at the end of cats 
C) the word mom 
D) the "psy" in psychology

Question 6

Language is based on basic sound units called ___________,which typically have no meaning by themselves.

Accepted Answer

A) phonemes 
B) morphemes 
C) semantics 
D) syntax 
A) phonemes 
B) morphemes 
C) semantics 
D) syntax

Question 7

The concept of belief perseverance assumes that we are most likely to believe

Accepted Answer

A) the scientific method as true. 
B) information that agrees with our thinking. 
C) information that refutes our thinking. 
D) logical thinking. 
A) the scientific method as true. 
B) information that agrees with our thinking. 
C) information that refutes our thinking. 
D) logical thinking.

Question 8

You are learning Russian in preparation for a trip next summer.You have gotten to the point where you can sound out the words written in the Cyrillic alphabet,but you do not understand what any of the words mean.What element of the Russian language will you need to start learning next?

Accepted Answer

A) syntax 
B) phonemes 
C) morphemes 
D) pragmatics 
A) syntax 
B) phonemes 
C) morphemes 
D) pragmatics

Question 9

The linguistic relativity hypothesis suggests that

Accepted Answer

A) one's language determines the pattern of one's thinking and view of the world. 
B) one's thinking and view of the world determines the structure of one's language. 
C) we decide which objects belong to a concept according to what is most probable or sensible,given the facts at hand. 
D) perception of surface structure precedes deep structure in understanding a sentence. 
A) one's language determines the pattern of one's thinking and view of the world. 
B) one's thinking and view of the world determines the structure of one's language. 
C) we decide which objects belong to a concept according to what is most probable or sensible,given the facts at hand. 
D) perception of surface structure precedes deep structure in understanding a sentence.

Question 10

Brenda is worried about having her six-year-old daughter learn Spanish,because she fears that learning a second language will interfere with her daughter's mastery of English.What advice should you give Brenda?

Accepted Answer

A) Children should not try to learn languages from different families (e.g. ,English and Chinese),but because Spanish and English are similar,learning a second language should have little negative effect. 
B) Learning a second language during childhood is actually beneficial to the development of language skills. 
C) Children younger than four years old should not be exposed to a second language,but it should not affect a six-year-old. 
D) Waiting is a good strategy;children should not try to learn a second language until their preteens. 
A) Children should not try to learn languages from different families (e.g. ,English and Chinese),but because Spanish and English are similar,learning a second language should have little negative effect. 
B) Learning a second language during childhood is actually beneficial to the development of language skills. 
C) Children younger than four years old should not be exposed to a second language,but it should not affect a six-year-old. 
D) Waiting is a good strategy;children should not try to learn a second language until their preteens.

Question 11

When using the availability heuristic,people tend to judge the probability of an event based on

Accepted Answer

A) the need to be right,which makes it hard to listen to the available information with an open mind. 
B) statistical consideration of the frequency with which the event occurs in everyday life. 
C) the burden of doubt people feel about their abilities to determine probability from available information. 
D) how easy it is to think of examples or instances. 
A) the need to be right,which makes it hard to listen to the available information with an open mind. 
B) statistical consideration of the frequency with which the event occurs in everyday life. 
C) the burden of doubt people feel about their abilities to determine probability from available information. 
D) how easy it is to think of examples or instances.

Question 12

A child's ability to map words onto concepts or objects after only a single exposure to them is called ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) hyper learning 
B) pragmatics 
C) imitation 
D) fast mapping 
A) hyper learning 
B) pragmatics 
C) imitation 
D) fast mapping

Question 13

Jenny is deciding on which invitations to use for her wedding.If Jenny is a maximizer,she is most likely to

Accepted Answer

A) choose the least expensive invitation design. 
B) choose the most expensive invitation design. 
C) choose the first invitation design that she likes. 
D) spend a long time looking at different invitation designs until she finds the exact one she is looking for. 
A) choose the least expensive invitation design. 
B) choose the most expensive invitation design. 
C) choose the first invitation design that she likes. 
D) spend a long time looking at different invitation designs until she finds the exact one she is looking for.

Question 14

The use of specific rules to categorize objects is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) using a prototype. 
B) linguistic relativity. 
C) using a heuristic. 
D) classical categorization. 
A) using a prototype. 
B) linguistic relativity. 
C) using a heuristic. 
D) classical categorization.

Exam 8: B: Thought and Language

Which of the following is the best definition for language?

Many people categorize tomatoes as a vegetable,even though they technically meet the scientific definition for a fruit.A likely reason for this is that

Concepts and categories are important because they allow us to

Seventy percent of the students in a classroom are women and 30 percent are men.One student is described as ambitious,athletic,and assertive.Why are most people likely to think this description refers to a male student?

Which of the following is both a single phoneme AND a morpheme?

Language is based on basic sound units called ___________,which typically have no meaning by themselves.

The concept of belief perseverance assumes that we are most likely to believe

You are learning Russian in preparation for a trip next summer.You have gotten to the point where you can sound out the words written in the Cyrillic alphabet,but you do not understand what any of the words mean.What element of the Russian language will you need to start learning next?

The linguistic relativity hypothesis suggests that

Brenda is worried about having her six-year-old daughter learn Spanish,because she fears that learning a second language will interfere with her daughter's mastery of English.What advice should you give Brenda?

When using the availability heuristic,people tend to judge the probability of an event based on

A child's ability to map words onto concepts or objects after only a single exposure to them is called ____________.

Jenny is deciding on which invitations to use for her wedding.If Jenny is a maximizer,she is most likely to

The use of specific rules to categorize objects is an example of

A: Introducing Psychological Science

B: Introducing Psychological Science

C: Introducing Psychological Science

D: Introducing Psychological Science

E: Introducing Psychological Science

A: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

B: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

C: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

D: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

E: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research

A: Biological Psychology

B: Biological Psychology

C: Biological Psychology

D: Biological Psychology

E: Biological Psychology

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

E: Sensation and Perception

A: Consciousness

B: Consciousness

C: Consciousness

D: Consciousness

E: Consciousness

A: Learning

B: Learning

C: Learning

D: Learning

E: Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

D: Memory

E: Memory

A: Thought and Language

C: Thought and Language

D: Thought and Language

E: Thought and Language

A: Intelligence Testing

B: Intelligence Testing

C: Intelligence Testing

D: Intelligence Testing

E: Intelligence Testing

A: Lifespan Development

B: Lifespan Development

C: Lifespan Development

D: Lifespan Development

E: Lifespan Development

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

Emotivation and Emotion

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

E: Personality

A: Social Psychology

B: Social Psychology

C: Social Psychology

D: Social Psychology

E: Social Psychology

A: Health, Stress, and Coping