Question 1

An advantage of personality tests and questionnaires is that they

Accepted Answer

A)  establish cause-effect relationships. 
B)  provide objective data. 
C)  provide for the study of many variables. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  establish cause-effect relationships. 
B)  provide objective data. 
C)  provide for the study of many variables. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 2

The case of Clever Hans illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  experimenter expectancy effects. 
B)  response style. 
C)  demand characteristics. 
D)  subliminal perception. 
A)  experimenter expectancy effects. 
B)  response style. 
C)  demand characteristics. 
D)  subliminal perception.

Question 3

A(n) _____ detects variations in blood flow, whereas a(n) _____ records electrical activity of neurons.

Accepted Answer

A)  fMRI; SCR 
B)  fMRI; EEG 
C)  EEG; SCR 
D)  EEG; fMRI 
A)  fMRI; SCR 
B)  fMRI; EEG 
C)  EEG; SCR 
D)  EEG; fMRI

Question 4

Discuss the concepts of reliability and validity. Define both concepts, note how they are related to one another, and how they relate to the evaluation of a theory.

Accepted Answer

Reliability and validity are two importa

Question 5

The use of ratings in personality research illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  L-data. 
B)  O-data. 
C)  T-data. 
D)  S-data. 
A)  L-data. 
B)  O-data. 
C)  T-data. 
D)  S-data.

Question 6

The case of "Clever Hans" is

Accepted Answer

A)  an account of the life and times of a pick-pocket from the Bronx. 
B)  an example of demand characteristics. 
C)  an example of response style. 
D)  an example of an experimenter bias. 
A)  an account of the life and times of a pick-pocket from the Bronx. 
B)  an example of demand characteristics. 
C)  an example of response style. 
D)  an example of an experimenter bias.

Question 7

To obtain a detailed portrait of an individual, it would be best to use a(n) ________ method)

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental 
B)  correlational 
C)  idiographic 
D)  nomothetic 
A)  experimental 
B)  correlational 
C)  idiographic 
D)  nomothetic

Question 8

What does the personality psychologist mean by "idiographic" and by "nomothetic" research strategies? Give an example of both types of strategies. Is the idiographic/nomothetic distinction a completely clear, "clean" one, or might research strategies vary in the degree to which they employ nomothetic versus idiographic methods?

Accepted Answer

The personality psychologist uses the te

Question 9

The theories and research of scientific personality psychologists differ from those of the ordinary person in being

Accepted Answer

A)  more general and testable. 
B)  more explicit and testable. 
C)  more general and valid. 
D)  more explicit and valid. 
A)  more general and testable. 
B)  more explicit and testable. 
C)  more general and valid. 
D)  more explicit and valid.

Question 10

Steele's research on stereotype threat demonstrated that stereotype threat processes

Accepted Answer

A)  impair performance. 
B)  improve performance by motivating individuals. 
C)  have no affect on performance. 
A)  impair performance. 
B)  improve performance by motivating individuals. 
C)  have no affect on performance.

Question 11

Experimenter expectancy effects represent

Accepted Answer

A)  an unintended source of error. 
B)  an intended influence on subject behavior. 
C)  a contribution toward greater reliability. 
D)  a contribution toward greater validity. 
A)  an unintended source of error. 
B)  an intended influence on subject behavior. 
C)  a contribution toward greater reliability. 
D)  a contribution toward greater validity.

Question 12

Ethics of research involve questions of

Accepted Answer

A)  requirements of participation. 
B)  deception of subjects. 
C)  protection of subjects from harm. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  requirements of participation. 
B)  deception of subjects. 
C)  protection of subjects from harm. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 13

Performance on an intelligence test illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  L-data. 
B)  O-data. 
C)  T-data. 
D)  S-data. 
A)  L-data. 
B)  O-data. 
C)  T-data. 
D)  S-data.

Question 14

The term ________ comes from the Greek for the word law, as in general scientific laws.

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit 
B)  explicit 
C)  idiographic 
D)  nomothetic 
A)  implicit 
B)  explicit 
C)  idiographic 
D)  nomothetic

Question 15

Which of the following is a potential limitation of experimental research?

Accepted Answer

A)  entangled relationships among variables. 
B)  establishes associational relationships. 
C)  limited generality of findings due to artificial setting. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  entangled relationships among variables. 
B)  establishes associational relationships. 
C)  limited generality of findings due to artificial setting. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 16

The study of an Algerian man named Ali, conducted by the psychologist Hubert Hermans, discussed in the text, is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  correlational research 
B)  experimental research 
C)  a case study 
D)  none of the above 
A)  correlational research 
B)  experimental research 
C)  a case study 
D)  none of the above

Question 17

Ratings of an individual made by parents, friends, or teachers are an example of _____ data.

Accepted Answer

A)  L-data 
B)  O-data 
C)  T-data 
D)  S-data 
A)  L-data 
B)  O-data 
C)  T-data 
D)  S-data

Question 18

It is possible to make reliable observations that are not valid but not possible to make valid
observations that are unreliable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Research on personality and health indicates that high levels of heart disease risk factors are associated with high levels of

Accepted Answer

A)  intelligence. 
B)  hostility. 
C)  extraversion. 
D)  stereotype threat. 
A)  intelligence. 
B)  hostility. 
C)  extraversion. 
D)  stereotype threat.

Question 20

Demand characteristics are characteristics of an experimenter who, without recognizing it,
biases the responses of subjects.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

An advantage of personality tests and questionnaires is that they

The case of Clever Hans illustrates

A(n) _ detects variations in blood flow, whereas a(n) _ records electrical activity of neurons.

Discuss the concepts of reliability and validity. Define both concepts, note how they are related to one another, and how they relate to the evaluation of a theory.

The use of ratings in personality research illustrates

The case of "Clever Hans" is

To obtain a detailed portrait of an individual, it would be best to use a(n) ________ method)

The theories and research of scientific personality psychologists differ from those of the ordinary person in being

Steele's research on stereotype threat demonstrated that stereotype threat processes

Experimenter expectancy effects represent

Ethics of research involve questions of

Performance on an intelligence test illustrates

The term ________ comes from the Greek for the word law, as in general scientific laws.

Which of the following is a potential limitation of experimental research?

The study of an Algerian man named Ali, conducted by the psychologist Hubert Hermans, discussed in the text, is an example of:

Ratings of an individual made by parents, friends, or teachers are an example of _____ data.

It is possible to make reliable observations that are not valid but not possible to make valid observations that are unreliable.

Research on personality and health indicates that high levels of heart disease risk factors are associated with high levels of

Demand characteristics are characteristics of an experimenter who, without recognizing it, biases the responses of subjects.

Personality Theory: From Everyday Observations to Systematic Theories

A Psychodynamic Theory: Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality

Freuds Psychodynamic Theory: Applications, Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Research

A Phenomenological Theory: Carl Rogers Person-Centered Theory of Personality

A Phenomenological Theory - Applications and Evaluation of Rogers Theory

Trait Approaches to Personality - Allport, Eyesneck and Cattell

Trait Theory: the Five-Factor Model: Applications and Evaluation of the Trait Approach

Biological Foundations of Personality

Behaviorism and the Learning Approaches to Personality

A Cognitive Theory of Personality: George a Kellys Personal Construct Theory of Personality

Social Cognitive Theory: Bandura and Mischel

Social-Cognitive Theory: Applications, Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Research

Personality in Context: Interpersonal Relations, Culture, and Development Across the Course of Life

An Overview of Personality Theory, Assessment, and Research

Filters

Exam 2: The Scientific Study of People

An advantage of personality tests and questionnaires is that they

The case of Clever Hans illustrates

A(n) _____ detects variations in blood flow, whereas a(n) _____ records electrical activity of neurons.

Discuss the concepts of reliability and validity. Define both concepts, note how they are related to one another, and how they relate to the evaluation of a theory.

The use of ratings in personality research illustrates

The case of "Clever Hans" is

To obtain a detailed portrait of an individual, it would be best to use a(n) ________ method)

The theories and research of scientific personality psychologists differ from those of the ordinary person in being

Steele's research on stereotype threat demonstrated that stereotype threat processes

Experimenter expectancy effects represent

Ethics of research involve questions of

Performance on an intelligence test illustrates

The term ________ comes from the Greek for the word law, as in general scientific laws.

Which of the following is a potential limitation of experimental research?

The study of an Algerian man named Ali, conducted by the psychologist Hubert Hermans, discussed in the text, is an example of:

Ratings of an individual made by parents, friends, or teachers are an example of _____ data.

It is possible to make reliable observations that are not valid but not possible to make valid observations that are unreliable.

Research on personality and health indicates that high levels of heart disease risk factors are associated with high levels of

Demand characteristics are characteristics of an experimenter who, without recognizing it, biases the responses of subjects.

Personality Theory: From Everyday Observations to Systematic Theories

A Psychodynamic Theory: Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality

Freuds Psychodynamic Theory: Applications, Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Research

A Phenomenological Theory: Carl Rogers Person-Centered Theory of Personality

A Phenomenological Theory - Applications and Evaluation of Rogers Theory

Trait Approaches to Personality - Allport, Eyesneck and Cattell

Trait Theory: the Five-Factor Model: Applications and Evaluation of the Trait Approach

Biological Foundations of Personality

Behaviorism and the Learning Approaches to Personality

A Cognitive Theory of Personality: George a Kellys Personal Construct Theory of Personality

Social Cognitive Theory: Bandura and Mischel

Social-Cognitive Theory: Applications, Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Research

Personality in Context: Interpersonal Relations, Culture, and Development Across the Course of Life

An Overview of Personality Theory, Assessment, and Research

Filters

A(n) _ detects variations in blood flow, whereas a(n) _ records electrical activity of neurons.