Question 1

The tendency to answer questions in a consistent way is called

Accepted Answer

A)  dependable style. 
B)  validity. 
C)  reliability. 
D)  response style. 
A)  dependable style. 
B)  validity. 
C)  reliability. 
D)  response style.

Question 2

Researchers who use the correlational design are primarily interested in

Accepted Answer

A)  cause-effect relationships. 
B)  manipulating variables. 
C)  differences among individuals. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  cause-effect relationships. 
B)  manipulating variables. 
C)  differences among individuals. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 3

Which of the following is not a characteristic distinctive of experimental research?

Accepted Answer

A)  manipulation of specific variables. 
B)  recording of data objectively. 
C)  establishment of cause-effect relationships. 
D)  all of the above are distinctive. 
A)  manipulation of specific variables. 
B)  recording of data objectively. 
C)  establishment of cause-effect relationships. 
D)  all of the above are distinctive.

Question 4

Based on the discussion in the text, "flexible" measures could also be labeled as

Accepted Answer

A)  idiographic. 
B)  nomothetic. 
C)  implicit. 
D)  explicit. 
A)  idiographic. 
B)  nomothetic. 
C)  implicit. 
D)  explicit.

Question 5

Research on O-data suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  some people are more judgable than others. 
B)  some characteristics are more observable than others. 
C)  highly evaluative characteristics lead to biases. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  some people are more judgable than others. 
B)  some characteristics are more observable than others. 
C)  highly evaluative characteristics lead to biases. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 6

The goal of research is to establish facts and principles that can be interpreted within a
broader theoretical framework.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following is not true of correlational research?

Accepted Answer

A)  patterns of relationships among variables are studied. 
B)  characteristics-variables are studied sequentially. 
C)  one gives up control over the variables. 
D)  All of the above are true of correlational research. 
A)  patterns of relationships among variables are studied. 
B)  characteristics-variables are studied sequentially. 
C)  one gives up control over the variables. 
D)  All of the above are true of correlational research.

Question 8

The study of an Algerian man named Ali, conducted by the psychologist Hubert Hermans, discussed in the text, was designed to

Accepted Answer

A)  obtain a detailed portrait of the unique individual, Ali. 
B)  compare Ali to others in the population to determine whether Ali's characteristics were similar to those of other people. 
C)  test a specific hypothesis about the causal influence of Ali's personal background on his current relationships. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  obtain a detailed portrait of the unique individual, Ali. 
B)  compare Ali to others in the population to determine whether Ali's characteristics were similar to those of other people. 
C)  test a specific hypothesis about the causal influence of Ali's personal background on his current relationships. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 9

In correlational research, the investigator seeks to establish a relationship between two or
more variables that do not readily lend themselves to manipulation and control.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Findings of the 'nun study', discussed in the text, indicate that the experience of high levels of positive emotions is associated with higher

Accepted Answer

A)  levels of heart disease. 
B)  proneness to injury. 
C)  longevity. 
D)  depression 
A)  levels of heart disease. 
B)  proneness to injury. 
C)  longevity. 
D)  depression

Question 11

In clinical research

Accepted Answer

A)  many variables can be considered at one time. 
B)  behavior can be observed naturally. 
C)  verbal reports can be used. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  many variables can be considered at one time. 
B)  behavior can be observed naturally. 
C)  verbal reports can be used. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 12

As discussed in the text, "fixed" measures are ones that

Accepted Answer

A)  are explicit. 
B)  are implicit. 
C)  are administered in the same way to all people. 
D)  are in some way "unstructured," allowing some variability in the testing procedure from person to person. 
A)  are explicit. 
B)  are implicit. 
C)  are administered in the same way to all people. 
D)  are in some way "unstructured," allowing some variability in the testing procedure from person to person.

Question 13

The 'nun study', discussed in the text, is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a case study. 
B)  an experiment. 
C)  a correlational study. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  a case study. 
B)  an experiment. 
C)  a correlational study. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 14

A potential strength of experimental research is that it

Accepted Answer

A)  establishes associational relationships. 
B)  fosters demand relationships. 
C)  establishes causal relationships. 
D)  fosters expectancy effects. 
A)  establishes associational relationships. 
B)  fosters demand relationships. 
C)  establishes causal relationships. 
D)  fosters expectancy effects.

Question 15

O-data provide the opportunity for obtaining

Accepted Answer

A)  objective data. 
B)  self-report data. 
C)  checks on subject bias. 
D)  checks on observer reliability. 
A)  objective data. 
B)  self-report data. 
C)  checks on subject bias. 
D)  checks on observer reliability.

Question 16

The text suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  theory is more important than research. 
B)  research is more important than theory. 
C)  theory and research are closely related. 
D)  theory and research are separate and independent. 
A)  theory is more important than research. 
B)  research is more important than theory. 
C)  theory and research are closely related. 
D)  theory and research are separate and independent.

Question 17

In clinical research there is

Accepted Answer

A)  minimal experimental control and maximum emphasis on naturally occurring phenomena. 
B)  maximum experimental control and maximum emphasis on naturally occurring phenomena. 
C)  minimal experimental control and minimum emphasis on naturally occurring phenomena. 
D)  maximum experimental control and minimum emphasis on naturally occurring phenomena. 
A)  minimal experimental control and maximum emphasis on naturally occurring phenomena. 
B)  maximum experimental control and maximum emphasis on naturally occurring phenomena. 
C)  minimal experimental control and minimum emphasis on naturally occurring phenomena. 
D)  maximum experimental control and minimum emphasis on naturally occurring phenomena.

Question 18

Stereotype threat processes have been shown to affect the performance of

Accepted Answer

A)  members of minority groups. 
B)  women. 
C)  a and b 
D)  none of the above. 
A)  members of minority groups. 
B)  women. 
C)  a and b 
D)  none of the above.

Question 19

If a psychologist believed that people's behavior is shaped largely by thoughts over which they have little control, that psychologists's target for assessment would most likely be:

Accepted Answer

A)  average behavior 
B)  variability in behavior 
C)  conscious thought 
D)  unconscious mental events 
A)  average behavior 
B)  variability in behavior 
C)  conscious thought 
D)  unconscious mental events

Question 20

A case study method is an example of a ____________ technique.

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental 
B)  correlational 
C)  idiographic 
D)  nomothetic 
A)  experimental 
B)  correlational 
C)  idiographic 
D)  nomothetic

The tendency to answer questions in a consistent way is called

Researchers who use the correlational design are primarily interested in

Which of the following is not a characteristic distinctive of experimental research?

Based on the discussion in the text, "flexible" measures could also be labeled as

Research on O-data suggests that

The goal of research is to establish facts and principles that can be interpreted within a broader theoretical framework.

Which of the following is not true of correlational research?

The study of an Algerian man named Ali, conducted by the psychologist Hubert Hermans, discussed in the text, was designed to

In correlational research, the investigator seeks to establish a relationship between two or more variables that do not readily lend themselves to manipulation and control.

Findings of the 'nun study', discussed in the text, indicate that the experience of high levels of positive emotions is associated with higher

In clinical research

As discussed in the text, "fixed" measures are ones that

The 'nun study', discussed in the text, is an example of

A potential strength of experimental research is that it

O-data provide the opportunity for obtaining

The text suggests that

In clinical research there is

Stereotype threat processes have been shown to affect the performance of

If a psychologist believed that people's behavior is shaped largely by thoughts over which they have little control, that psychologists's target for assessment would most likely be:

A case study method is an example of a ____________ technique.

Personality Theory: From Everyday Observations to Systematic Theories

A Psychodynamic Theory: Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality

Freuds Psychodynamic Theory: Applications, Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Research

A Phenomenological Theory: Carl Rogers Person-Centered Theory of Personality

A Phenomenological Theory - Applications and Evaluation of Rogers Theory

Trait Approaches to Personality - Allport, Eyesneck and Cattell

Trait Theory: the Five-Factor Model: Applications and Evaluation of the Trait Approach

Biological Foundations of Personality

Behaviorism and the Learning Approaches to Personality

A Cognitive Theory of Personality: George a Kellys Personal Construct Theory of Personality

Social Cognitive Theory: Bandura and Mischel

Social-Cognitive Theory: Applications, Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Research

Personality in Context: Interpersonal Relations, Culture, and Development Across the Course of Life

An Overview of Personality Theory, Assessment, and Research

Filters

Exam 2: The Scientific Study of People

The tendency to answer questions in a consistent way is called

Researchers who use the correlational design are primarily interested in

Which of the following is not a characteristic distinctive of experimental research?

Based on the discussion in the text, "flexible" measures could also be labeled as

Research on O-data suggests that

The goal of research is to establish facts and principles that can be interpreted within a broader theoretical framework.

Which of the following is not true of correlational research?

The study of an Algerian man named Ali, conducted by the psychologist Hubert Hermans, discussed in the text, was designed to

In correlational research, the investigator seeks to establish a relationship between two or more variables that do not readily lend themselves to manipulation and control.

Findings of the 'nun study', discussed in the text, indicate that the experience of high levels of positive emotions is associated with higher

In clinical research

As discussed in the text, "fixed" measures are ones that

The 'nun study', discussed in the text, is an example of

A potential strength of experimental research is that it

O-data provide the opportunity for obtaining

The text suggests that

In clinical research there is

Stereotype threat processes have been shown to affect the performance of

If a psychologist believed that people's behavior is shaped largely by thoughts over which they have little control, that psychologists's target for assessment would most likely be:

A case study method is an example of a ____________ technique.

Personality Theory: From Everyday Observations to Systematic Theories

A Psychodynamic Theory: Freuds Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality

Freuds Psychodynamic Theory: Applications, Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Research

A Phenomenological Theory: Carl Rogers Person-Centered Theory of Personality

A Phenomenological Theory - Applications and Evaluation of Rogers Theory

Trait Approaches to Personality - Allport, Eyesneck and Cattell

Trait Theory: the Five-Factor Model: Applications and Evaluation of the Trait Approach

Biological Foundations of Personality

Behaviorism and the Learning Approaches to Personality

A Cognitive Theory of Personality: George a Kellys Personal Construct Theory of Personality

Social Cognitive Theory: Bandura and Mischel

Social-Cognitive Theory: Applications, Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Research

Personality in Context: Interpersonal Relations, Culture, and Development Across the Course of Life

An Overview of Personality Theory, Assessment, and Research

Filters