Question 1

Which of the following is a TRUE statement about sexual versus asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Asexual reproduction, but not sexual reproduction, is characteristic of plants and fungi. 
B)  In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit half of their nuclear genes to each of their offspring. 
C)  In asexual reproduction, offspring are produced by fertilization without meiosis. 
D)  Sexual reproduction requires that parents be diploid. 
E)  Asexual reproduction produces only haploid offspring. 
A)  Asexual reproduction, but not sexual reproduction, is characteristic of plants and fungi. 
B)  In sexual reproduction, individuals transmit half of their nuclear genes to each of their offspring. 
C)  In asexual reproduction, offspring are produced by fertilization without meiosis. 
D)  Sexual reproduction requires that parents be diploid. 
E)  Asexual reproduction produces only haploid offspring.

Question 2

There is a group of invertebrate animals called rotifers, among which a particular group of species reproduces, as far as is known, only asexually. These rotifers, however, have survived a long evolutionary history without evidence of having been overcome by excessive mutations. Since the rotifers develop from eggs, but asexually, what can you predict?

Accepted Answer

A)  The eggs and the zygotes are all haploid. 
B)  The animals are all hermaphrodites. 
C)  While asexual, both males and females are found in nature. 
D)  All males can produce eggs. 
E)  No fertile males can be found. 
A)  The eggs and the zygotes are all haploid. 
B)  The animals are all hermaphrodites. 
C)  While asexual, both males and females are found in nature. 
D)  All males can produce eggs. 
E)  No fertile males can be found.

Question 3

What phase of meiosis is seen in the accompanying figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  metaphase I 
B)  metaphase II 
C)  anaphase I 
D)  anaphase II 
A)  metaphase I 
B)  metaphase II 
C)  anaphase I 
D)  anaphase II

Question 4

What is a major difference between mitosis and meiosis I in a diploid organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sister chromatids separate in mitosis; homologous pairs of chromosomes separate in meiosis I. 
B)  Sister chromatids separate in mitosis; homologous pairs of chromosomes separate in meiosis II. 
C)  DNA replication takes place prior to mitosis, but not before meiosis I. 
D)  Only meiosis I results in daughter cells that contain identical genetic information. 
A)  Sister chromatids separate in mitosis; homologous pairs of chromosomes separate in meiosis I. 
B)  Sister chromatids separate in mitosis; homologous pairs of chromosomes separate in meiosis II. 
C)  DNA replication takes place prior to mitosis, but not before meiosis I. 
D)  Only meiosis I results in daughter cells that contain identical genetic information.

Question 5

Asexual reproduction occurs during ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  meiosis 
B)  mitosis 
C)  fertilization 
D)  chromosome exchange between organisms of different species 
A)  meiosis 
B)  mitosis 
C)  fertilization 
D)  chromosome exchange between organisms of different species

Question 6

The diploid number of a roundworm species is 4. Assuming there is no crossover, and random segregation of homologs during meiosis, how many different possible combinations of chromosomes might there be in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

A)  4 
B)  8 
C)  16 
D)  64 
A)  4 
B)  8 
C)  16 
D)  64

Question 7

What is a major difference between meiosis II and mitosis in a diploid animal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Homologs align on the metaphase plate in meiosis II. 
B)  Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, and homologs separate in meiosis II. 
C)  Meiosis II occurs in a haploid cell, and mitosis occurs in diploid cells. 
D)  Crossover takes place in meiosis II. 
A)  Homologs align on the metaphase plate in meiosis II. 
B)  Sister chromatids separate in mitosis, and homologs separate in meiosis II. 
C)  Meiosis II occurs in a haploid cell, and mitosis occurs in diploid cells. 
D)  Crossover takes place in meiosis II.

Question 8

All individuals of a particular species of whiptail lizards are females. Their reproductive efforts depend on ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fertilization of their eggs by males of other lizard species 
B)  gonadal structures that only undergo mitosis 
C)  meiosis followed by a doubling of the chromosomes in eggs 
D)  budding prior to the development of a sexual phenotype 
E)  fragmentation via autolysis 
A)  fertilization of their eggs by males of other lizard species 
B)  gonadal structures that only undergo mitosis 
C)  meiosis followed by a doubling of the chromosomes in eggs 
D)  budding prior to the development of a sexual phenotype 
E)  fragmentation via autolysis

Question 9

In the snail Pomacea patula catemacensis, n = 13. What is the diploid number for this organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  13 
B)  26 
C)  52 
D)  7 
A)  13 
B)  26 
C)  52 
D)  7

Question 10

For the duration of meiosis I, each chromosome ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is paired with a homologous chromosome 
B)  consists of two sister chromatids joined by a centromere 
C)  consists of a single strand of DNA 
D)  is joined with its homologous pair to form a synaptonemal complex 
A)  is paired with a homologous chromosome 
B)  consists of two sister chromatids joined by a centromere 
C)  consists of a single strand of DNA 
D)  is joined with its homologous pair to form a synaptonemal complex

Question 11

Sister chromatids separate from each other during ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  mitosis only 
B)  meiosis I only 
C)  meiosis II only 
D)  mitosis and meiosis I 
E)  mitosis and meiosis II 
A)  mitosis only 
B)  meiosis I only 
C)  meiosis II only 
D)  mitosis and meiosis I 
E)  mitosis and meiosis II

Question 12

Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the random way each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I 
B)  the random combinations of eggs and sperm during fertilization 
C)  the random distribution of the sister chromatids to the two daughter cells during anaphase II 
D)  the relatively small degree of homology shared by the X and Y chromosomes 
E)  the diverse combination of alleles that may be found within any given chromosome 
A)  the random way each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the metaphase plate during meiosis I 
B)  the random combinations of eggs and sperm during fertilization 
C)  the random distribution of the sister chromatids to the two daughter cells during anaphase II 
D)  the relatively small degree of homology shared by the X and Y chromosomes 
E)  the diverse combination of alleles that may be found within any given chromosome

Question 13

A couple has a child with Down syndrome. The mother is 39 years old at the time of delivery. Which of the following is the most probable cause of the child's condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  The woman inherited this tendency from her parents. 
B)  The mother had a chromosomal duplication. 
C)  One member of the couple underwent nondisjunction in somatic cell production. 
D)  The mother most likely underwent nondisjunction during gamete production. 
A)  The woman inherited this tendency from her parents. 
B)  The mother had a chromosomal duplication. 
C)  One member of the couple underwent nondisjunction in somatic cell production. 
D)  The mother most likely underwent nondisjunction during gamete production.

Question 14

Crossing over normally takes place during which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  meiosis II 
B)  meiosis I 
C)  mitosis 
D)  mitosis and meiosis II 
A)  meiosis II 
B)  meiosis I 
C)  mitosis 
D)  mitosis and meiosis II

Question 15

Refer to the information and associated figure to answer the following question(s).
-A female with a paternal set of one orange and one long gene chromosome and a maternal set comprised of one blue and one short gene chromosome is expected to produce which of the following types of eggs after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  All eggs will have maternal types of gene combinations. 
B)  All eggs will have paternal types of gene combinations. 
C)  Half the eggs will have maternal and half will have paternal combinations. 
D)  Each egg has a one-fourth chance of having either blue long, blue short, orange long, or orange short combinations. 
E)  Each egg has a three-fourths chance of having blue long, one-fourth blue short, three-fourths orange long, or one-fourth orange short combinations. 
A)  All eggs will have maternal types of gene combinations. 
B)  All eggs will have paternal types of gene combinations. 
C)  Half the eggs will have maternal and half will have paternal combinations. 
D)  Each egg has a one-fourth chance of having either blue long, blue short, orange long, or orange short combinations. 
E)  Each egg has a three-fourths chance of having blue long, one-fourth blue short, three-fourths orange long, or one-fourth orange short combinations.

Question 16

Somatic cells of roundworms have four individual chromosomes per cell. How many chromosomes would you expect to find in an ovum from a roundworm?

Accepted Answer

A)  four 
B)  two 
C)  eight 
D)  a diploid number 
A)  four 
B)  two 
C)  eight 
D)  a diploid number

Question 17

If a cell has completed meiosis I and is just beginning meiosis II, which of the following is an appropriate description of its contents?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis. 
B)  It has the same number of chromosomes, but each of them has different alleles than another cell from the same meiosis. 
C)  It has half the chromosomes but twice the DNA of the originating cell. 
D)  It has one-fourth the DNA and one-half the chromosomes as the originating cell. 
E)  It is identical in content to another cell formed from the same meiosis I event. 
A)  It has half the amount of DNA as the cell that began meiosis. 
B)  It has the same number of chromosomes, but each of them has different alleles than another cell from the same meiosis. 
C)  It has half the chromosomes but twice the DNA of the originating cell. 
D)  It has one-fourth the DNA and one-half the chromosomes as the originating cell. 
E)  It is identical in content to another cell formed from the same meiosis I event.

Question 18

If meiosis produces haploid cells, how is the diploid number restored for those organisms that spend most of their life cycle in the diploid state?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA replication 
B)  reverse transcription 
C)  synapsis 
D)  fertilization 
A)  DNA replication 
B)  reverse transcription 
C)  synapsis 
D)  fertilization

Question 19

Which of these statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  In humans, each of the 23 maternal autosomes has a homologous paternal chromosome. 
B)  In humans, the twenty-second pair, the sex chromosomes, determines whether the person is female (XY) or male (XX). 
C)  Single, haploid (2n) sets of chromosomes in ovum and sperm unite during fertilization, forming a diploid (4n), single-celled zygote. 
D)  At sexual maturity, ovaries and testes produce haploid gametes by meiosis. 
A)  In humans, each of the 23 maternal autosomes has a homologous paternal chromosome. 
B)  In humans, the twenty-second pair, the sex chromosomes, determines whether the person is female (XY) or male (XX). 
C)  Single, haploid (2n) sets of chromosomes in ovum and sperm unite during fertilization, forming a diploid (4n), single-celled zygote. 
D)  At sexual maturity, ovaries and testes produce haploid gametes by meiosis.

Question 20

An advantage of asexual reproduction is that it ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  allows the species to endure long periods of unstable environmental conditions 
B)  enhances genetic variability in the species 
C)  enables the species to rapidly colonize habitats that are favorable to that species 
D)  produces offspring that respond effectively to new pathogens 
E)  allows a species to easily rid itself of harmful mutations 
A)  allows the species to endure long periods of unstable environmental conditions 
B)  enhances genetic variability in the species 
C)  enables the species to rapidly colonize habitats that are favorable to that species 
D)  produces offspring that respond effectively to new pathogens 
E)  allows a species to easily rid itself of harmful mutations

Exam 13: Meiosis

Which of the following is a TRUE statement about sexual versus asexual reproduction?

What phase of meiosis is seen in the accompanying figure?

What is a major difference between mitosis and meiosis I in a diploid organism?

Asexual reproduction occurs during ________.

The diploid number of a roundworm species is 4. Assuming there is no crossover, and random segregation of homologs during meiosis, how many different possible combinations of chromosomes might there be in the offspring?

What is a major difference between meiosis II and mitosis in a diploid animal?

All individuals of a particular species of whiptail lizards are females. Their reproductive efforts depend on ________.

In the snail Pomacea patula catemacensis, n = 13. What is the diploid number for this organism?

For the duration of meiosis I, each chromosome ________.

Sister chromatids separate from each other during ________.

Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of ________.

A couple has a child with Down syndrome. The mother is 39 years old at the time of delivery. Which of the following is the most probable cause of the child's condition?

Crossing over normally takes place during which of the following processes?

Somatic cells of roundworms have four individual chromosomes per cell. How many chromosomes would you expect to find in an ovum from a roundworm?

If a cell has completed meiosis I and is just beginning meiosis II, which of the following is an appropriate description of its contents?

If meiosis produces haploid cells, how is the diploid number restored for those organisms that spend most of their life cycle in the diploid state?

Which of these statements is correct?

An advantage of asexual reproduction is that it ________.

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes: an Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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