Exam 20: The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

What is a primary difference between polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and traditional cloning procedures such as those used to clone the human growth hormone gene?

It is more difficult to identify eukaryotic genes than prokaryotic genes because in eukaryotes ________.

Which of the following most correctly describes the whole-genome shotgun technique for sequencing a genome?

Imagine that you compare two DNA sequences found in the same location on homologous chromosomes. On one of the homologs, the sequence is AACTACGA. On the other homolog, the sequence is AACTTCGA. Within a population, you discover that each of these sequences is common. These sequences ________.

Which type of disorder is most difficult to correct by gene therapy?

Which viruses have single-stranded RNA that acts as a template for DNA synthesis?

Sequencing eukaryotic genomes is more difficult than sequencing genomes of bacteria or archaea because of the ________.

Many identical copies of genes cloned in bacteria are produced as a result of ________.

In nature, the major mechanism of introducing new genes into eukaryotic genomes is ________.

A virus consisting of a single strand of RNA, which is transcribed into complementary DNA, is a ________.

A multigene family is composed of ________.

In early forensic applications of DNA fingerprinting, DNA was extracted from crime scene material, digested with restriction enzymes, and then used to prepare a Southern blot. Today, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used in the early steps of forensic DNA analysis. Which of the following is an advantage that PCR provides over the former method?

After finding a new medicinal plant, a pharmaceutical company decides to determine if the plant has genes similar to those of other known medicinal plants. To do this, the company annotates the genome of the new plant to ________.

Which of the following sequences in double-stranded DNA is most likely to be recognized as a cutting site for a restriction enzyme (endonuclease)?

The areas that have received the greatest attention in genetically modified plants are ________.

Use the following information to answer the question(s) below. Six students have taken samples of their own cheek cells, purified the DNA, and used an enzyme (endonuclease) known to cut at zero, one, or two sites in a particular gene of interest. -Their next two steps, in order, should be ________.

In large-scale, genome-wide association studies in humans we look for ________.

Which of the following could use reverse transcriptase to transcribe its genome?

For applications in gene therapy, what is the most favorable characteristic of retroviruses?

Analysis of the data obtained shows that two students each have two fragments, two students each have three fragments, and two students each have one only. What does this demonstrate?