Question 1

Compared to most animals, the growth of most plant structure is best described as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  perennial 
B)  weedy 
C)  indeterminate 
D)  derivative 
E)  primary 
A)  perennial 
B)  weedy 
C)  indeterminate 
D)  derivative 
E)  primary

Question 2

The surface area of a plant's root system is substantially larger than the surface area of its shoot system. The extensive surface area of roots is an adaptation associated with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  contact with soil particles for mineral and water absorption 
B)  the internal structure of the vascular tissue in roots 
C)  the storage of nutrients within the root system 
D)  the release of carbon dioxide generated by photosynthesis 
E)  the fact that roots absorb materials while shoots do not 
A)  contact with soil particles for mineral and water absorption 
B)  the internal structure of the vascular tissue in roots 
C)  the storage of nutrients within the root system 
D)  the release of carbon dioxide generated by photosynthesis 
E)  the fact that roots absorb materials while shoots do not

Question 3

One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem 
B)  root cells have cell walls and leaf cells do not 
C)  a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots 
D)  vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves 
E)  leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not 
A)  only leaves have phloem and only roots have xylem 
B)  root cells have cell walls and leaf cells do not 
C)  a waxy cuticle covers leaves but is absent from roots 
D)  vascular tissue is found in roots but is absent from leaves 
E)  leaves have epidermal tissue but roots do not

Question 4

Monocot vascular bundles do not have a vascular cambium between the xylem and phloem. This means that monocots ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are much less efficient at conducting water and sugars 
B)  have very thin stems 
C)  do not produce wood in annual rings 
D)  cannot produce lateral shoots 
A)  are much less efficient at conducting water and sugars 
B)  have very thin stems 
C)  do not produce wood in annual rings 
D)  cannot produce lateral shoots

Question 5

Which of the following cell types retains the ability to undergo cell division?

Accepted Answer

A)  a sclereid 
B)  a parenchyma cell near the root tip 
C)  a functional sieve-tube element 
D)  a tracheid 
E)  a stem fiber 
A)  a sclereid 
B)  a parenchyma cell near the root tip 
C)  a functional sieve-tube element 
D)  a tracheid 
E)  a stem fiber

Question 6

If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the center of a large redwood tree, when you exited from the middle of the trunk (stem) outward, you would cross, in order, ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the annual rings, new xylem, vascular cambium, phloem, and bark 
B)  the secondary xylem, cork cambium, phloem, and periderm 
C)  the vascular cambium, oldest xylem, and newest xylem 
D)  the secondary xylem, secondary phloem, and vascular cambium 
E)  the summer wood, bark, and phloem 
A)  the annual rings, new xylem, vascular cambium, phloem, and bark 
B)  the secondary xylem, cork cambium, phloem, and periderm 
C)  the vascular cambium, oldest xylem, and newest xylem 
D)  the secondary xylem, secondary phloem, and vascular cambium 
E)  the summer wood, bark, and phloem

Question 7

Where are the youngest wood and the youngest bark in a tree trunk?

Accepted Answer

A)  Youngest wood is in the center of a tree; youngest bark is the outside of the bark. 
B)  Youngest wood is in the center of a tree; youngest bark is the inner part, next to the vascular cambium. 
C)  Youngest wood is toward the outside, near the vascular cambium; youngest bark is the outside of the bark. 
D)  Youngest wood is toward the outside, near the vascular cambium; youngest bark is the inner part, next to the vascular cambium. 
A)  Youngest wood is in the center of a tree; youngest bark is the outside of the bark. 
B)  Youngest wood is in the center of a tree; youngest bark is the inner part, next to the vascular cambium. 
C)  Youngest wood is toward the outside, near the vascular cambium; youngest bark is the outside of the bark. 
D)  Youngest wood is toward the outside, near the vascular cambium; youngest bark is the inner part, next to the vascular cambium.

Question 8

Plants contain meristems whose major function is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  attract pollinators 
B)  absorb ions 
C)  photosynthesize 
D)  produce more cells 
E)  produce flowers 
A)  attract pollinators 
B)  absorb ions 
C)  photosynthesize 
D)  produce more cells 
E)  produce flowers

Question 9

The veins of leaves are ________.
I. composed of xylem and phloem
II. continuous with vascular bundles in the stem and roots
III. finely branched to be in close contact with photosynthesizing cells

Accepted Answer

A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  only III 
D)  I and III 
E)  I, II, and III 
A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  only III 
D)  I and III 
E)  I, II, and III

Question 10

As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 meters tall. The nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground. Fifteen years later, you return and discover that the tree has grown to a height of 30 meters. About how many meters above the ground is the nail?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.5 
B)  1.5 
C)  3.0 
D)  15.0 
E)  28.5 
A)  0.5 
B)  1.5 
C)  3.0 
D)  15.0 
E)  28.5

Question 11

Two examples of lateral meristems in plants are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  vascular cambium, producing cork, and cork cambium, producing secondary phloem 
B)  vascular cambium, producing secondary xylem, and cork cambium, producing secondary phloem 
C)  vascular cambium, producing secondary xylem, and cork cambium, producing cork 
D)  vascular cambium, producing secondary phloem, and cork cambium, producing secondary xylem 
A)  vascular cambium, producing cork, and cork cambium, producing secondary phloem 
B)  vascular cambium, producing secondary xylem, and cork cambium, producing secondary phloem 
C)  vascular cambium, producing secondary xylem, and cork cambium, producing cork 
D)  vascular cambium, producing secondary phloem, and cork cambium, producing secondary xylem

Question 12

Which type of modified stems grow horizontally belowground and produce new plants at nodes?

Accepted Answer

A)  blades 
B)  tubers 
C)  stolons 
D)  thorns 
E)  rhizomes 
A)  blades 
B)  tubers 
C)  stolons 
D)  thorns 
E)  rhizomes

Question 13

Strolling in the Sonoran Desert, you come upon a stately Saguaro cactus. The large central "trunks" of this cactus are covered with numerous smaller spines. The central stalks are modified ________ used for water storage and spines are modified ________ used for protection.

Accepted Answer

A)  stems; leaves 
B)  leaves; leaves 
C)  petioles; leaf blades 
D)  leaf blades; trichomes 
E)  stems; fruits 
A)  stems; leaves 
B)  leaves; leaves 
C)  petioles; leaf blades 
D)  leaf blades; trichomes 
E)  stems; fruits

Question 14

When comparing root systems of corn plants growing on a square foot in a fertilized and irrigated cornfield with the root systems of natural prairie plants growing in a meadow, what result do you expect to see?

Accepted Answer

A)  The overall mass of roots will be identical in a cornfield and on a meadow. 
B)  The mass and length of roots in a cornfield will be higher because soil is fertilized. 
C)  The mass and length of roots on a meadow will be higher because soil is poorer and there is a higher diversity of plants. 
D)  The overall mass of roots on a meadow will be lower but the length will be higher since roots need to grow deeper to reach nutrients. 
A)  The overall mass of roots will be identical in a cornfield and on a meadow. 
B)  The mass and length of roots in a cornfield will be higher because soil is fertilized. 
C)  The mass and length of roots on a meadow will be higher because soil is poorer and there is a higher diversity of plants. 
D)  The overall mass of roots on a meadow will be lower but the length will be higher since roots need to grow deeper to reach nutrients.

Question 15

Axillary buds ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are produced by the cork cambium 
B)  have dormant meristematic cells 
C)  are composed of a series of internodes lacking nodes 
D)  give rise to secondary xylem 
E)  do not form a vascular connection with the primary shoot 
A)  are produced by the cork cambium 
B)  have dormant meristematic cells 
C)  are composed of a series of internodes lacking nodes 
D)  give rise to secondary xylem 
E)  do not form a vascular connection with the primary shoot

Question 16

How would you expect the root system of a plant grown by hydroponics to compare to the root system of a plant grown in poor soil? The root system of a plant grown by hydroponics would be ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  more developed 
B)  less developed 
C)  about the same 
D)  absent 
A)  more developed 
B)  less developed 
C)  about the same 
D)  absent

Question 17

Trichomes ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  absorb sunlight, increasing the temperature of leaves 
B)  open and close for gas exchange 
C)  repel or trap insects 
D)  increase water loss from leaves 
A)  absorb sunlight, increasing the temperature of leaves 
B)  open and close for gas exchange 
C)  repel or trap insects 
D)  increase water loss from leaves

Question 18

A plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system, several growth rings evident in a cross section of the stem, and a layer of bark around the outside. Which of the following best describes the plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  herbaceous eudicot 
B)  woody eudicot 
C)  woody monocot 
D)  herbaceous monocot 
E)  woody annual 
A)  herbaceous eudicot 
B)  woody eudicot 
C)  woody monocot 
D)  herbaceous monocot 
E)  woody annual

Question 19

Shoot elongation in a growing bud is due primarily to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cell division at the shoot apical meristem 
B)  cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem 
C)  cell division localized in each internode 
D)  cell elongation localized in each internode 
E)  cell division at the shoot apical meristem and cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem 
A)  cell division at the shoot apical meristem 
B)  cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem 
C)  cell division localized in each internode 
D)  cell elongation localized in each internode 
E)  cell division at the shoot apical meristem and cell elongation directly below the shoot apical meristem

Question 20

________ is to xylem as ________ is to phloem.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sclerenchyma cell; collenchyma cell 
B)  Apical meristem; vascular cambium 
C)  Vessel element; sieve-tube member 
D)  Cortex; pith 
E)  Vascular cambium; cork cambium 
A)  Sclerenchyma cell; collenchyma cell 
B)  Apical meristem; vascular cambium 
C)  Vessel element; sieve-tube member 
D)  Cortex; pith 
E)  Vascular cambium; cork cambium

Exam 34: Plant Form and Function

Compared to most animals, the growth of most plant structure is best described as ________.

The surface area of a plant's root system is substantially larger than the surface area of its shoot system. The extensive surface area of roots is an adaptation associated with ________.

One important difference between the anatomy of roots and the anatomy of leaves is that ________.

Monocot vascular bundles do not have a vascular cambium between the xylem and phloem. This means that monocots ________.

Which of the following cell types retains the ability to undergo cell division?

If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the center of a large redwood tree, when you exited from the middle of the trunk (stem) outward, you would cross, in order, ________.

Where are the youngest wood and the youngest bark in a tree trunk?

Plants contain meristems whose major function is to ________.

The veins of leaves are ________. I. composed of xylem and phloem II. continuous with vascular bundles in the stem and roots III. finely branched to be in close contact with photosynthesizing cells

As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 meters tall. The nail is about 1.5 meters from the ground. Fifteen years later, you return and discover that the tree has grown to a height of 30 meters. About how many meters above the ground is the nail?

Two examples of lateral meristems in plants are ________.

Which type of modified stems grow horizontally belowground and produce new plants at nodes?

Strolling in the Sonoran Desert, you come upon a stately Saguaro cactus. The large central "trunks" of this cactus are covered with numerous smaller spines. The central stalks are modified ________ used for water storage and spines are modified ________ used for protection.

When comparing root systems of corn plants growing on a square foot in a fertilized and irrigated cornfield with the root systems of natural prairie plants growing in a meadow, what result do you expect to see?

Axillary buds ________.

How would you expect the root system of a plant grown by hydroponics to compare to the root system of a plant grown in poor soil? The root system of a plant grown by hydroponics would be ________.

Trichomes ________.

A plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system, several growth rings evident in a cross section of the stem, and a layer of bark around the outside. Which of the following best describes the plant?

Shoot elongation in a growing bud is due primarily to ________.

________ is to xylem as ________ is to phloem.

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes: an Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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Strolling in the Sonoran Desert, you come upon a stately Saguaro cactus. The large central "trunks" of this cactus are covered with numerous smaller spines. The central stalks are modified used for water storage and spines are modified used for protection.

is to xylem as is to phloem.