Exam 53: Ecosystems and Global Ecology

-Based on the experiment in the accompanying figure, which of the following are plausible reasons for the result? I. No nutrients evaporate now that vegetation is absent. II. Nutrients dissolve in the water running through the watershed. III. Nutrients are attached to small particles of sand or clay that leave the watershed. IV. Plant roots that held soil particles in place are no longer there.

Use the following diagram of a hypothetical food web to answer the question(s) below. The arrows represent the transfer of energy between the various trophic levels. -Which letter represents an organism that could be a producer?

-In the accompanying figure, which of these countries has the highest per capita CO2 emissions?

Which of the following consume other living organisms? I. primary producers II. herbivores III. carnivores IV. decomposers

-Which of the following have contributed to the increase in the emission of CO2? I. increases in human population II. increases in per capita fossil-fuel use III. land use changes

What factor could potentially increase the length of a food chain?

Which of the following are TRUE about the greenhouse effect? I. High-energy solar radiation enters the atmosphere. II. Some of the energy is reflected, and some is absorbed by the Earth's surface. III. Heat is emitted as infrared radiation, and some of it is retained in the atmosphere, decreasing the temperature on Earth.

Why is terrestrial productivity higher in equatorial climates?

Which of the following are negative biological consequences of climate change? I. changes in geographic ranges II. changes in phenology III. extinctions

Which of the following locations are large reservoirs for carbon for the carbon cycle? I. atmosphere II. sediments and sedimentary rocks III. fossilized plant and animal remains (coal, oil, and natural gas) IV. plant and animal biomass

-Which of the following is a source of human-fixed nitrogen? I. industrially produced fertilizers II. cultivation of soybeans III. irrigation agriculture

-Which habitat types in the accompanying figure cover the largest area?

Which of the following locations is the main reservoir for nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle?

Which statement best describes what ultimately happens to the chemical energy that is NOT converted to new biomass in the process of energy transfer between trophic levels in an ecosystem?

-In the accompanying figure, which of these countries has the highest total CO2 emissions?

In the nitrogen cycle, the bacteria that replenish the atmosphere with nitrogen are ________.

Regarding soil and organic matter in humus, which of the following statements is TRUE?