Exam 11: The Ocean Floor

Manganese nodules do not accumulate below 4500 m depth because the manganese minerals are highly soluble in seawater below that depth.

What is the most active, long term, deep diving, manned submersible used for studying the seafloor and deep ocean depths?

Trenches are often parallel to, and genetically related to ________.

________ are not associated with a mid-ocean ridges.

How long does it take for the ocean crust to cool off and become as dense as it can by compaction and mineral infilling of porosity?

Which is the longest ocean trench?

Which ocean basin did the H.M.S.Challenger fail to visit or sound in its 127,500 km voyage?

On average, the slope across a continental shelf is about ________.

What do the tube worms of the hydrothermal vent communities directly rely on for their survival?

What is the heat source for "black smokers"?

In the 1870s, the ________ was involved in the first far-reaching, comprehensive study of Earth's oceans.

________ are regions where most of the submarine canyons and deep-sea turbidite fans occur.

The average height of the continents above sea level is greater than the average depth of the ocean basins below sea level.

What kinds of materials account for the phosphate rich sediments?

A(n)________ is a low lying, coral reef island perched above a sunken, truncated volcano.

Prolonged subduction, along with the accumulation of sediments on the landward side of the trench produces an accretionary wedge.

Abyssal plains with sediments covering the seafloor igneous rocks are more extensive in the central Pacific basin than in the North Atlantic.

Which one of the following would typically have the widest continental shelf?

Calcareous ooze is composed of ________ sediment.

The chaotic accumulation of deformed sediment and scraps of oceanic crust along an active continental margin is called an ________.