Exam 10: Earthquakes and Earth's Interior

Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. -Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.

What causes the shadow zone for no S-wave arrivals beyond epicentral angles of 100°?

Tsunami are caused by sudden motions of the seabed which displaces large volumes of seawater.

A tsunami is like a shallow water wave, but in the whole water column, with gravity as the restoring force, not pressure.I feels the water depth, even in water several kilometres deep where it can move up to 900 km/hr yet be only a few centimetres high.The waves speed and wavelength decrease or increase as it reaches shallow water?

________ formulated the elastic rebound theory after the ________ earthquake.

The ________ is the site of initial rupturing associated with an earthquake.

What do seismic gaps represent?

The epicentre of an earthquake is on the surface of the Earth directly above the hypocentre.

The most damaging type of earthquake wave for buildings and engineering structures on top of the ground is a surface wave with horizontal motion back and forth parallel to the passing wave front.Which description fits this type of surface wave?

How did geologists in the early 1900s establish the depths of the major internal layers within the earth?

Briefly explain or draw and label the elastic -rebound earthquake cycle.

The precise radius of the inner core was not measured until relatively recently.How was this accomplished?

The ________ is the point of origination for an earthquake.

Unconsolidated, water-saturated soils or sediments provide good foundation materials for buildings and other structures because they absorb and dampen seismic vibrations.

The crust and mantle are solids; the inner core is thought to be solid.

In 1936, Lehmann discovered a zone of reflection and refraction within the core (below about 5000 kilometres depth), giving the first evidence of an inner core.

What does a P wave do to the rock it passes through?

What are the two fundamentally different types of seismic waves?

The system of locating earthquakes depends on nearby reports of the shaking and high speed communication lines.

The ________ earthquake was accompanied by major damage from tsunamis and ground failures.