Question 1

Detrital grains of which mineral(s)are extremely rare in detrital sediments? Why?

Accepted Answer

A) calcite; it is soft and relatively soluble 
B) clays; they are rare in soils and regolith 
C) quartz; it is very hard and insoluble 
D) feldspars; they occur only in granites 
A) calcite; it is soft and relatively soluble 
B) clays; they are rare in soils and regolith 
C) quartz; it is very hard and insoluble 
D) feldspars; they occur only in granites

Question 2

Which sediment gets lithified to become mudstone?

Accepted Answer

A) clay and fine silt 
B) sand 
C) gravel 
D) all clay-sized sediment 
A) clay and fine silt 
B) sand 
C) gravel 
D) all clay-sized sediment

Question 3

What distinctive continental sedimentary environment occurs where mountains meet lowland valleys?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What distinctive continental sedimentary environment occurs where...

Question 4

What is the name for the chemical diagenetic change that accompanies the change from sediments to sedimentary rocks?

Accepted Answer

cementation (or recr

Question 5

What does a sand that is: very well rounded, well sorted, and quartz rich suggest?

Accepted Answer

A) that it has travelled a short distance and hasn't had time to get contaminated 
B) that it has travelled a great distance in a uniform flow or has had more than one cycle of weathering, transport, and deposition. 
C) that it had a very high velocity of transport 
D) that it was derived from a young mountain belt with lots of granite 
A) that it has travelled a short distance and hasn't had time to get contaminated 
B) that it has travelled a great distance in a uniform flow or has had more than one cycle of weathering, transport, and deposition. 
C) that it had a very high velocity of transport 
D) that it was derived from a young mountain belt with lots of granite

Question 6

What kind of rocks have the lowest porosity and permeability?

Accepted Answer

chemical sediments l

Question 7

Which type of sandstone contains abundant feldspar, suggesting that the sand was derived by weathering and erosion of granitic bedrock?

Accepted Answer

A) quartz-rich 
B) lignitic 
C) arkose 
D) oolitic 
A) quartz-rich 
B) lignitic 
C) arkose 
D) oolitic

Question 8

Hot regions having basins with limited input and restricted circulation tend to have ________ deposits.

Accepted Answer

A) sandy beach 
B) glacial dropstone 
C) limestone reef and bank 
D) evaporite 
A) sandy beach 
B) glacial dropstone 
C) limestone reef and bank 
D) evaporite

Question 9

Explain how feldspars and micas can become preserved in sedimentary rocks.

Accepted Answer

Erosion of source ro

Question 10

Which sedimentary rock is composed mainly of lithified and thermally decomposed organic debris from forests that accumulated in ancient swamps?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which sedimentary rock is composed mainly of...

Question 11

How can crystalline chemical sedimentary rocks be distinguished from igneous rocks?

Accepted Answer

Chemical sedimentary rocks occur in laye

Question 12

Name three kinds of organisms which have built reefs at different times in Earth history.

Accepted Answer

corals, sp

Question 13

Red, brown and orange sandstones are cemented by oxides of what element?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Red, brown and orange sandstones are cemented...

Question 14

What do orange red or brown colours indicate in sedimentary rocks?

Accepted Answer

A) original deposition on a beach 
B) deposition below water in a swamp or muddy estuary 
C) an oxidizing environment to produce iron (ferric)oxides or hydroxides 
D) high organic matter contents 
A) original deposition on a beach 
B) deposition below water in a swamp or muddy estuary 
C) an oxidizing environment to produce iron (ferric)oxides or hydroxides 
D) high organic matter contents

Question 15

Conglomerates and breccias are low energy deposits because there was insufficient energy to move such large rocks away.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Sedimentary rocks account for about what percentage of the Earth's outermost 10 kilometres of rock (first percentage).Also, what percentage of the Earth's continental area is covered by sedimentary rocks (second percentage)?

Accepted Answer

A) 5%; 75% 
B) 3.5%; 100% 
C) 65%; 10% 
D) 85%; 100% 
A) 5%; 75% 
B) 3.5%; 100% 
C) 65%; 10% 
D) 85%; 100%

Question 17

Which of the following rocks is lithified from sediment that was deposited in deep water and was essentially unmodified by post-depositional current action?

Accepted Answer

A) cross-bedded dune sandstone 
B) wacke with graded bedding 
C) well-sorted, quartz sandstone 
D) reddish mudstone with mud cracks 
A) cross-bedded dune sandstone 
B) wacke with graded bedding 
C) well-sorted, quartz sandstone 
D) reddish mudstone with mud cracks

Question 18

Fossil insects are sometimes preserved in what material?

Accepted Answer

A) carbonized wood 
B) amber 
C) polished gastroliths 
D) petrified wood 
A) carbonized wood 
B) amber 
C) polished gastroliths 
D) petrified wood

Question 19

Name at least three factors that determine the type and character of the sediments on a continental shelf.

Accepted Answer

distance from shore, height of

Question 20

What sedimentary rock type most commonly contains terrestrial plant fossils?

Accepted Answer

A) quartzite breccia 
B) silty limestone 
C) dark organic rich shales 
D) massive sandstones 
A) quartzite breccia 
B) silty limestone 
C) dark organic rich shales 
D) massive sandstones

Detrital grains of which mineral(s)are extremely rare in detrital sediments? Why?

Which sediment gets lithified to become mudstone?

What distinctive continental sedimentary environment occurs where mountains meet lowland valleys?

What is the name for the chemical diagenetic change that accompanies the change from sediments to sedimentary rocks?

What does a sand that is: very well rounded, well sorted, and quartz rich suggest?

What kind of rocks have the lowest porosity and permeability?

Which type of sandstone contains abundant feldspar, suggesting that the sand was derived by weathering and erosion of granitic bedrock?

Hot regions having basins with limited input and restricted circulation tend to have ________ deposits.

Explain how feldspars and micas can become preserved in sedimentary rocks.

Which sedimentary rock is composed mainly of lithified and thermally decomposed organic debris from forests that accumulated in ancient swamps?

How can crystalline chemical sedimentary rocks be distinguished from igneous rocks?

Name three kinds of organisms which have built reefs at different times in Earth history.

Red, brown and orange sandstones are cemented by oxides of what element?

What do orange red or brown colours indicate in sedimentary rocks?

Conglomerates and breccias are low energy deposits because there was insufficient energy to move such large rocks away.

Sedimentary rocks account for about what percentage of the Earth's outermost 10 kilometres of rock (first percentage).Also, what percentage of the Earth's continental area is covered by sedimentary rocks (second percentage)?

Which of the following rocks is lithified from sediment that was deposited in deep water and was essentially unmodified by post-depositional current action?

Fossil insects are sometimes preserved in what material?

Name at least three factors that determine the type and character of the sediments on a continental shelf.

What sedimentary rock type most commonly contains terrestrial plant fossils?

An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Minerals: The Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

Weathering and Soil

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic Time

Crustal Deformation

Earthquakes and Earth's Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: The Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: The Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters

Exam 6: Sedimentary Rocks

Detrital grains of which mineral(s)are extremely rare in detrital sediments? Why?

Which sediment gets lithified to become mudstone?

What distinctive continental sedimentary environment occurs where mountains meet lowland valleys?

What is the name for the chemical diagenetic change that accompanies the change from sediments to sedimentary rocks?

What does a sand that is: very well rounded, well sorted, and quartz rich suggest?

What kind of rocks have the lowest porosity and permeability?

Which type of sandstone contains abundant feldspar, suggesting that the sand was derived by weathering and erosion of granitic bedrock?

Hot regions having basins with limited input and restricted circulation tend to have ________ deposits.

Explain how feldspars and micas can become preserved in sedimentary rocks.

Which sedimentary rock is composed mainly of lithified and thermally decomposed organic debris from forests that accumulated in ancient swamps?

How can crystalline chemical sedimentary rocks be distinguished from igneous rocks?

Name three kinds of organisms which have built reefs at different times in Earth history.

Red, brown and orange sandstones are cemented by oxides of what element?

What do orange red or brown colours indicate in sedimentary rocks?

Conglomerates and breccias are low energy deposits because there was insufficient energy to move such large rocks away.

Sedimentary rocks account for about what percentage of the Earth's outermost 10 kilometres of rock (first percentage).Also, what percentage of the Earth's continental area is covered by sedimentary rocks (second percentage)?

Which of the following rocks is lithified from sediment that was deposited in deep water and was essentially unmodified by post-depositional current action?

Fossil insects are sometimes preserved in what material?

Name at least three factors that determine the type and character of the sediments on a continental shelf.

What sedimentary rock type most commonly contains terrestrial plant fossils?

An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Minerals: The Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

Weathering and Soil

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic Time

Crustal Deformation

Earthquakes and Earth's Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: The Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: The Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters