Question 1

What oxidized iron bearing minerals generally form as the residue of weathering?

Accepted Answer

A) ferrous feldspars 
B) goethite, hematite, and limonite 
C) pyrite and native iron 
D) olivine, pyroxene, and amphibole 
A) ferrous feldspars 
B) goethite, hematite, and limonite 
C) pyrite and native iron 
D) olivine, pyroxene, and amphibole

Question 2

________ soil order has a brown-coloured B horizon.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ soil order has a brown-coloured B...

Question 3

Which one of the following statements concerning soil erosion is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Sheet erosion, rills, and gullies develop mainly during prolonged droughts. 
B) Soils form naturally by weathering; if protected from erosion, sound management can maintain or enhance their nutrient levels and textural characteristics. 
C) Rates of soil erosion exceed rates of soil formation in some parts of the world. 
D) Grasses and other vegetation, windbreaks, and contour cropping will help reduce losses of soil from cultivated lands. 
A) Sheet erosion, rills, and gullies develop mainly during prolonged droughts. 
B) Soils form naturally by weathering; if protected from erosion, sound management can maintain or enhance their nutrient levels and textural characteristics. 
C) Rates of soil erosion exceed rates of soil formation in some parts of the world. 
D) Grasses and other vegetation, windbreaks, and contour cropping will help reduce losses of soil from cultivated lands.

Question 4

The finely divided, red, brown, and yellow soil-colouring minerals originate by what process?

Accepted Answer

A) mechanical weathering of very fine-grained, blue-grey clays 
B) chemical weathering of quartz and feldspars 
C) precipitation of insoluble iron oxides during the chemical weathering process 
D) mechanical weathering of the feldspars and micas in granite and rhyolite 
A) mechanical weathering of very fine-grained, blue-grey clays 
B) chemical weathering of quartz and feldspars 
C) precipitation of insoluble iron oxides during the chemical weathering process 
D) mechanical weathering of the feldspars and micas in granite and rhyolite

Question 5

________ are regularly spaced planar fracture sets in rocks that result from: expansional unloading, tectonic forces, or thermal contraction upon cooling (especially igneous rocks).

Accepted Answer

A) Cracks 
B) Faults 
C) Fissures 
D) Joints 
A) Cracks 
B) Faults 
C) Fissures 
D) Joints

Question 6

In hilly, farming areas, soil erosion rates can easily exceed natural rates of soil formation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Under most weathering conditions, which mineral component of granites and rhyolites would be most resistant to decomposition?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Under most weathering conditions, which mineral component...

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the "Dust Bowl"?

Accepted Answer

A) the long drought preceding the Irish potato famine of the 1840s 
B) the area covered by volcanic ash around Mount Merapi in 2010 
C) areas of severe wind erosion on the Prairies, 1930s 
D) a New Year's Day invitational soccer match in Tripoli, Libya 
A) the long drought preceding the Irish potato famine of the 1840s 
B) the area covered by volcanic ash around Mount Merapi in 2010 
C) areas of severe wind erosion on the Prairies, 1930s 
D) a New Year's Day invitational soccer match in Tripoli, Libya

Question 9

Which would make the longest lasting headstone for Granny's grave in "Peaceful Acres" on the east side of Toronto?

Accepted Answer

A) a polished, fine grained basalt 
B) a large rough limestone slab from a quarry near Kingston 
C) a coarse-grained grey granite 
D) a pink Precambrian quartzite 
A) a polished, fine grained basalt 
B) a large rough limestone slab from a quarry near Kingston 
C) a coarse-grained grey granite 
D) a pink Precambrian quartzite

Question 10

What is represented by the A, E, B, and C soil horizons in luvisol, podsol, or chernozem?

Accepted Answer

A) an in situ response to an extended period of weathering 
B) primary, depositional layering in a transported soil 
C) multiple caliche horizons 
D) buried humus layers 
A) an in situ response to an extended period of weathering 
B) primary, depositional layering in a transported soil 
C) multiple caliche horizons 
D) buried humus layers

Question 11

What term refers to removal of soluble constituents from soils?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What term refers to removal of soluble...

Question 12

Word Analysis Questions
Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases.
-Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.

Accepted Answer

A) C horizon 
B) A horizon 
C) E horizon 
D) B horizon 
A) C horizon 
B) A horizon 
C) E horizon 
D) B horizon

Question 13

From the land surface downward to the unweathered bedrock, which of the following is the correct order of the different soil horizons?

Accepted Answer

A) O, A, E, B, C, bedrock 
B) A, B, C, D, E, bedrock 
C) E, A, B, C, O, bedrock 
D) D, E, C, B, A, bedrock 
A) O, A, E, B, C, bedrock 
B) A, B, C, D, E, bedrock 
C) E, A, B, C, O, bedrock 
D) D, E, C, B, A, bedrock

Question 14

Under similar warm, moist climatic conditions, why would basalt and gabbro generally have higher chemical weathering rates than rhyolite and granite?

Accepted Answer

A) The quartz in the gabbro and basalt decomposes very quickly. 
B) The ferromagnesian minerals in the gabbro and basalt are subject to oxidation and chemical breakdown. 
C) The plagioclase feldspars in the granite and rhyolite decompose readily to clay minerals and iron oxides. 
D) The potassium feldspars and quartz in the rhyolite and granite are more susceptible to cracking by frost wedging. 
A) The quartz in the gabbro and basalt decomposes very quickly. 
B) The ferromagnesian minerals in the gabbro and basalt are subject to oxidation and chemical breakdown. 
C) The plagioclase feldspars in the granite and rhyolite decompose readily to clay minerals and iron oxides. 
D) The potassium feldspars and quartz in the rhyolite and granite are more susceptible to cracking by frost wedging.

Question 15

Which kind of weathering involves the destruction and decomposition of the rock-forming minerals?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which kind of weathering involves the destruction...

Question 16

________ is the great reduction in pressure from erosion and it leads to the formation of ________ in mountainous exposures of granitic batholiths.

Accepted Answer

A) Relief, horns or tinds 
B) Offloading, deep valleys 
C) Flatulence, plateaus 
D) Sheeting, exfoliation domes 
A) Relief, horns or tinds 
B) Offloading, deep valleys 
C) Flatulence, plateaus 
D) Sheeting, exfoliation domes

Question 17

What is the principal mechanism for the chemical weathering of feldspars, and what is the residue of this process?

Accepted Answer

hydrolysis by acidic waters to

Question 18

Word Analysis Questions
Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases.
-Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.

Accepted Answer

A) olivine 
B) Ca plagioclase 
C) quartz 
D) pyroxene 
A) olivine 
B) Ca plagioclase 
C) quartz 
D) pyroxene

Question 19

Residual soils form by weathering of the local, underlying bedrock.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Frost wedging is an important process for enlarging cracks and extending them deeper into the bedrock.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

What oxidized iron bearing minerals generally form as the residue of weathering?

________ soil order has a brown-coloured B horizon.

Which one of the following statements concerning soil erosion is false?

The finely divided, red, brown, and yellow soil-colouring minerals originate by what process?

________ are regularly spaced planar fracture sets in rocks that result from: expansional unloading, tectonic forces, or thermal contraction upon cooling (especially igneous rocks).

In hilly, farming areas, soil erosion rates can easily exceed natural rates of soil formation.

Under most weathering conditions, which mineral component of granites and rhyolites would be most resistant to decomposition?

Which of the following best describes the "Dust Bowl"?

Which would make the longest lasting headstone for Granny's grave in "Peaceful Acres" on the east side of Toronto?

What is represented by the A, E, B, and C soil horizons in luvisol, podsol, or chernozem?

What term refers to removal of soluble constituents from soils?

Word Analysis Questions Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. -Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.

From the land surface downward to the unweathered bedrock, which of the following is the correct order of the different soil horizons?

Under similar warm, moist climatic conditions, why would basalt and gabbro generally have higher chemical weathering rates than rhyolite and granite?

Which kind of weathering involves the destruction and decomposition of the rock-forming minerals?

is the great reduction in pressure from erosion and it leads to the formation of in mountainous exposures of granitic batholiths.

What is the principal mechanism for the chemical weathering of feldspars, and what is the residue of this process?

Word Analysis Questions Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. -Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.

Residual soils form by weathering of the local, underlying bedrock.

Frost wedging is an important process for enlarging cracks and extending them deeper into the bedrock.

An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Minerals: The Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic Time

Crustal Deformation

Earthquakes and Earth's Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: The Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: The Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters

Exam 5: Weathering and Soil

What oxidized iron bearing minerals generally form as the residue of weathering?

________ soil order has a brown-coloured B horizon.

Which one of the following statements concerning soil erosion is false?

The finely divided, red, brown, and yellow soil-colouring minerals originate by what process?

________ are regularly spaced planar fracture sets in rocks that result from: expansional unloading, tectonic forces, or thermal contraction upon cooling (especially igneous rocks).

In hilly, farming areas, soil erosion rates can easily exceed natural rates of soil formation.

Under most weathering conditions, which mineral component of granites and rhyolites would be most resistant to decomposition?

Which of the following best describes the "Dust Bowl"?

Which would make the longest lasting headstone for Granny's grave in "Peaceful Acres" on the east side of Toronto?

What is represented by the A, E, B, and C soil horizons in luvisol, podsol, or chernozem?

What term refers to removal of soluble constituents from soils?

Word Analysis Questions Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. -Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.

From the land surface downward to the unweathered bedrock, which of the following is the correct order of the different soil horizons?

Under similar warm, moist climatic conditions, why would basalt and gabbro generally have higher chemical weathering rates than rhyolite and granite?

Which kind of weathering involves the destruction and decomposition of the rock-forming minerals?

________ is the great reduction in pressure from erosion and it leads to the formation of ________ in mountainous exposures of granitic batholiths.

What is the principal mechanism for the chemical weathering of feldspars, and what is the residue of this process?

Word Analysis Questions Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. -Choose the option that does not fit the pattern.

Residual soils form by weathering of the local, underlying bedrock.

Frost wedging is an important process for enlarging cracks and extending them deeper into the bedrock.

An Introduction to Geology and Plate Tectonics

Minerals: The Building Blocks of Rocks

Igneous Rocks

Volcanoes and Volcanic Processes

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks

Geologic Time

Crustal Deformation

Earthquakes and Earth's Interior

The Ocean Floor

Plate Tectonics: The Framework for Modern Geology

Mountain Building and Continental Frameworks

Mass Wasting: The Work of Gravity

Running Water

Groundwater

Glaciers and Glaciation

Deserts and Winds

Shorelines

Mineral and Energy Resources

Filters

is the great reduction in pressure from erosion and it leads to the formation of in mountainous exposures of granitic batholiths.