Question 1

Osmoreceptors change their firing rate in response to

Accepted Answer

A)  the angiotensin concentration in blood. 
B)  the concentration of renin within the blood. 
C)  movement of water out of the osmoreceptor as the interstitial fluid becomes hypertonic. 
D)  reduced osmotic pressure within the blood plasma. 
E)  increased blood plasma volume. 
A)  the angiotensin concentration in blood. 
B)  the concentration of renin within the blood. 
C)  movement of water out of the osmoreceptor as the interstitial fluid becomes hypertonic. 
D)  reduced osmotic pressure within the blood plasma. 
E)  increased blood plasma volume.

Question 2

Leptin inhibits eating via

Accepted Answer

A)  blockade of the entry of insulin into brain. 
B)  activation of CCK receptors in brain. 
C)  inhibition of NPY, AGRP, and orexin neurons within the hypothalamus. 
D)  increasing the release of NPY in the hypothalamus. 
E)  inducing the stomach to release more ghrelin. 
A)  blockade of the entry of insulin into brain. 
B)  activation of CCK receptors in brain. 
C)  inhibition of NPY, AGRP, and orexin neurons within the hypothalamus. 
D)  increasing the release of NPY in the hypothalamus. 
E)  inducing the stomach to release more ghrelin.

Question 3

Nearly two-thirds of the body's water is contained within the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nearly two-thirds of the body's water is...

Question 4

If the detector in a physiological system were to fail, one would expect

Accepted Answer

A)  that the regulatory system would work, but more slowly than usual. 
B)  that positive feedback would spin the system out of control. 
C)  no change in the system variable. 
D)  that the set point would increase. 
E)  that the system variable would not be constant. 
A)  that the regulatory system would work, but more slowly than usual. 
B)  that positive feedback would spin the system out of control. 
C)  no change in the system variable. 
D)  that the set point would increase. 
E)  that the system variable would not be constant.

Question 5

Plasma levels of ghrelin are highest _______ and lead to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  at the start of the morning; a craving for caffeine 
B)  after a meal; a craving for a cigarette 
C)  at the end of the evening; sleepiness 
D)  before a meal; eating 
E)  after a meal; consumption of a snack 
A)  at the start of the morning; a craving for caffeine 
B)  after a meal; a craving for a cigarette 
C)  at the end of the evening; sleepiness 
D)  before a meal; eating 
E)  after a meal; consumption of a snack

Question 6

________ variable is controlled by a regulatory mechanism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ variable is controlled by a regulatory...

Question 7

Imaging studies in humans given a hypertonic thirst suggest that the ________ is involved in the unpleasantness of osmometric thirst, while the ________ detects the tonicity of the blood plasma.

Accepted Answer

A)  anterior cingulate cortex; lamina terminalis 
B)  insular cortex; medial amygdala 
C)  lamina terminalis; anterior cingulate cortex 
D)  subfornical fornical organ; area postrema 
E)  medial amygdala; insular cortex 
A)  anterior cingulate cortex; lamina terminalis 
B)  insular cortex; medial amygdala 
C)  lamina terminalis; anterior cingulate cortex 
D)  subfornical fornical organ; area postrema 
E)  medial amygdala; insular cortex

Question 8

Contrast the roles of ghrelin and of cholecystokinin (CCK) for the control of eating.

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin is released from the stomach whe

Question 9

Brain osmoreceptors are located within the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Brain osmoreceptors are located within the ________....

Question 10

Studies of feeding using decerebrate rats indicate that

Accepted Answer

A)  the feeding circuits for chewing are contained within the forebrain. 
B)  CCK acts on frontal cortex to stimulate eating. 
C)  the brainstem contains circuits that allow a rat to chew and to swallow. 
D)  decerebrate rats are unable to chew, swallow, or distinguish tastes. 
E)  the circuits controlling ingestion lie forward to the brainstem. 
A)  the feeding circuits for chewing are contained within the forebrain. 
B)  CCK acts on frontal cortex to stimulate eating. 
C)  the brainstem contains circuits that allow a rat to chew and to swallow. 
D)  decerebrate rats are unable to chew, swallow, or distinguish tastes. 
E)  the circuits controlling ingestion lie forward to the brainstem.

Question 11

The primary location of osmoreceptors within brain is within the

Accepted Answer

A)  zone incerta. 
B)  area postrema. 
C)  amygdala 
D)  nucleus accumbens. 
E)  lamina terminalis. 
A)  zone incerta. 
B)  area postrema. 
C)  amygdala 
D)  nucleus accumbens. 
E)  lamina terminalis.

Question 12

Which of the following is true of the success rate of therapy for anorexia nervosa?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some 22 percent of treated patients show a good recovery at a 5-year follow-up. 
B)  Many anorexics suffer from binging. 
C)  At a 20-year follow-up, some 75 percent of treated anorexic patients had died. 
D)  Anorexic patients experience low rates of relapse. 
E)  The treatment success rate has not improved in 50 years. 
A)  Some 22 percent of treated patients show a good recovery at a 5-year follow-up. 
B)  Many anorexics suffer from binging. 
C)  At a 20-year follow-up, some 75 percent of treated anorexic patients had died. 
D)  Anorexic patients experience low rates of relapse. 
E)  The treatment success rate has not improved in 50 years.

Question 13

Match up the correct behavior with the condition that precedes it.

Accepted Answer

A)  mercaptoacetate; drinking 
B)  insulin; drinking 
C)  insulin; sexual behavior 
D)  mercaptoacetate; eating 
E)  2-DG; drinking 
A)  mercaptoacetate; drinking 
B)  insulin; drinking 
C)  insulin; sexual behavior 
D)  mercaptoacetate; eating 
E)  2-DG; drinking

Question 14

To maintain proper fluid balance, the body contains two sets of receptors, one that measures the volume of the ________ and the other that records the volume of the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebrospinal fluid; cells 
B)  extracellular fluid; cells 
C)  blood; cells 
D)  interstitial fluid; intravascular 
E)  sodium ions; blood 
A)  cerebrospinal fluid; cells 
B)  extracellular fluid; cells 
C)  blood; cells 
D)  interstitial fluid; intravascular 
E)  sodium ions; blood

Question 15

The ________ regions of the lamina terminalis contain osmoreceptors.

Accepted Answer

A)  medial and dorsal 
B)  OVLT and subfornical organ 
C)  area postrema and OVLT 
D)  commissural 
E)  posterior 
A)  medial and dorsal 
B)  OVLT and subfornical organ 
C)  area postrema and OVLT 
D)  commissural 
E)  posterior

Question 16

In what sense could a fall in leptin levels be considered as a hunger signal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reduced leptin levels remove an inhibitory influence on NPY/AGRP neurons. 
B)  Leptin normally excites NPY/AGRP neurons. 
C)  Reduced leptin levels remove an inhibitory influence on CART/alpha-MSH neurons. 
D)  Leptin normally inhibits CART/alpha-MSH neurons. 
E)  Leptin increases the production of ghrelin. 
A)  Reduced leptin levels remove an inhibitory influence on NPY/AGRP neurons. 
B)  Leptin normally excites NPY/AGRP neurons. 
C)  Reduced leptin levels remove an inhibitory influence on CART/alpha-MSH neurons. 
D)  Leptin normally inhibits CART/alpha-MSH neurons. 
E)  Leptin increases the production of ghrelin.

Question 17

A fall in glucose levels causes the secretion of glucagon, which converts ____________ into _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose; glycogen 
B)  glycogen; glucose 
C)  glucagon; glycogen 
D)  glucose; glucagon 
E)  glycogen; glucagon 
A)  glucose; glycogen 
B)  glycogen; glucose 
C)  glucagon; glycogen 
D)  glucose; glucagon 
E)  glycogen; glucagon

Question 18

There are many substances in the brain and body that trigger hunger. This one, however, triggers hunger even if giving into that hunger involves eating bitter foods or receiving shocks to the mouth during eating.

Accepted Answer

A)  MCH 
B)  orexin 
C)  ghrelin 
D)  peptide YY 
E)  NPY 
A)  MCH 
B)  orexin 
C)  ghrelin 
D)  peptide YY 
E)  NPY

Question 19

Describe the role of the stomach in food intake and compare its importance in producing hunger and satiety.

Accepted Answer

The stomach is not the source of hunger

Question 20

Nutrient detectors in the brain are sensitive to

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing levels of fatty acids. 
B)  glucoprivation. 
C)  lipoprivation. 
D)  both glucoprivation and lipoprivation. 
E)  lack of food in the digestive tract. 
A)  decreasing levels of fatty acids. 
B)  glucoprivation. 
C)  lipoprivation. 
D)  both glucoprivation and lipoprivation. 
E)  lack of food in the digestive tract.

Osmoreceptors change their firing rate in response to

Leptin inhibits eating via

Nearly two-thirds of the body's water is contained within the ________.

If the detector in a physiological system were to fail, one would expect

Plasma levels of ghrelin are highest _ and lead to __.

________ variable is controlled by a regulatory mechanism.

Imaging studies in humans given a hypertonic thirst suggest that the is involved in the unpleasantness of osmometric thirst, while the detects the tonicity of the blood plasma.

Contrast the roles of ghrelin and of cholecystokinin (CCK) for the control of eating.

Brain osmoreceptors are located within the ________.

Studies of feeding using decerebrate rats indicate that

The primary location of osmoreceptors within brain is within the

Which of the following is true of the success rate of therapy for anorexia nervosa?

Match up the correct behavior with the condition that precedes it.

To maintain proper fluid balance, the body contains two sets of receptors, one that measures the volume of the and the other that records the volume of the .

The ________ regions of the lamina terminalis contain osmoreceptors.

In what sense could a fall in leptin levels be considered as a hunger signal?

A fall in glucose levels causes the secretion of glucagon, which converts into _.

There are many substances in the brain and body that trigger hunger. This one, however, triggers hunger even if giving into that hunger involves eating bitter foods or receiving shocks to the mouth during eating.

Describe the role of the stomach in food intake and compare its importance in producing hunger and satiety.

Nutrient detectors in the brain are sensitive to

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Substance Abuse

Filters

Exam 12: Ingestive Behavior

Osmoreceptors change their firing rate in response to

Leptin inhibits eating via

Nearly two-thirds of the body's water is contained within the ________.

If the detector in a physiological system were to fail, one would expect

Plasma levels of ghrelin are highest _______ and lead to ________.

________ variable is controlled by a regulatory mechanism.

Imaging studies in humans given a hypertonic thirst suggest that the ________ is involved in the unpleasantness of osmometric thirst, while the ________ detects the tonicity of the blood plasma.

Contrast the roles of ghrelin and of cholecystokinin (CCK) for the control of eating.

Brain osmoreceptors are located within the ________.

Studies of feeding using decerebrate rats indicate that

The primary location of osmoreceptors within brain is within the

Which of the following is true of the success rate of therapy for anorexia nervosa?

Match up the correct behavior with the condition that precedes it.

To maintain proper fluid balance, the body contains two sets of receptors, one that measures the volume of the ________ and the other that records the volume of the ________.

The ________ regions of the lamina terminalis contain osmoreceptors.

In what sense could a fall in leptin levels be considered as a hunger signal?

A fall in glucose levels causes the secretion of glucagon, which converts ____________ into _____________.

There are many substances in the brain and body that trigger hunger. This one, however, triggers hunger even if giving into that hunger involves eating bitter foods or receiving shocks to the mouth during eating.

Describe the role of the stomach in food intake and compare its importance in producing hunger and satiety.

Nutrient detectors in the brain are sensitive to

Introduction

Structure and Function of Cells of the Nervous System

Structure of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Methods and Strategies of Research

Vision

Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses

Control of Movement

Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Reproductive Behavior

Emotion

Learning and Memory

Human Communication

Neurological Disorders

Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders

Anxiety Disorders, Autistic Disorder, attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder, and Stress Disorders

Substance Abuse

Filters

Plasma levels of ghrelin are highest _ and lead to __.

Imaging studies in humans given a hypertonic thirst suggest that the is involved in the unpleasantness of osmometric thirst, while the detects the tonicity of the blood plasma.

To maintain proper fluid balance, the body contains two sets of receptors, one that measures the volume of the and the other that records the volume of the .

A fall in glucose levels causes the secretion of glucagon, which converts into _.