Question 1

What was the role of women in the scientific revolution?

Accepted Answer

Although few women were officially included in scientific societies or the academies of the time,they contributed greatly to the growth of science all the same.Women like Margaret Cavendish brought money from her aristocratic family to aid the pursuit of astronomy.Many other families built private observatories,enabling women such as Maria Winkelmann to make her discoveries of a comet and preparation of calendars for the Berlin Academy of Science.Over 14 percent of all astronomers were women.Women made other great contributions to science,and not just in astronomy.Maria Sibylla Merian made a career in entomology,fighting heat and malaria to bring her findings from Surinam to Europe.Brilliant women such as Emilie du Chatelet coauthored with Voltaire a book summarizing Newton and also translated on her own the Principia,making Newton's ideas accessible to French speakers.

Question 2

Descartes introduced a new method for understanding called deductive reasoning,which relied on proceeding logically from one certainty to another.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

The general conception of the universe [in Europe] before Copernicus was that:

Accepted Answer

A) it was orderly with Heaven at the center of the universe and the earth was circling around it. 
B) the earth revolved around the sun,which was at the center of the universe. 
C) the earth was just one planet among millions that could possibly support life. 
D) the earth was at the center and the heavens circled around it. 
E) the earth was one of many planets that revolved around the sun,which moved through space. 
A) it was orderly with Heaven at the center of the universe and the earth was circling around it. 
B) the earth revolved around the sun,which was at the center of the universe. 
C) the earth was just one planet among millions that could possibly support life. 
D) the earth was at the center and the heavens circled around it. 
E) the earth was one of many planets that revolved around the sun,which moved through space. D

Question 4

Although logic and geometry had played a role in the medieval worldview,_________ would assume a much more central role in the "New Science."

Accepted Answer

A) semantics 
B) optics 
C) the dialectic 
D) mathematics 
E) theology 
A) semantics 
B) optics 
C) the dialectic 
D) mathematics 
E) theology

Question 5

René Descartes believed he had proven the existence of God through his use of systematic doubt in his book:

Accepted Answer

A) Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems. 
B) The Discourse on Method. 
C) Novum Organum. 
D) The New Atlantis. 
E) Two New Sciences. 
A) Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems. 
B) The Discourse on Method. 
C) Novum Organum. 
D) The New Atlantis. 
E) Two New Sciences.

Question 6

One of the founders of modern chemistry was the Englishman:

Accepted Answer

A) William Harvey. 
B) Francis Bacon. 
C) Robert Hooke. 
D) Robert Boyle. 
E) John Locke. 
A) William Harvey. 
B) Francis Bacon. 
C) Robert Hooke. 
D) Robert Boyle. 
E) John Locke.

Question 7

What was the main difference between the English Baconian natural philosophers and their Cartesian counterparts in France,Holland,and elsewhere in northern Europe?

Accepted Answer

The English Baconians concentrated on pe

Question 8

Galileo's works were widely read and raised awareness of changes in natural philosophy across Europe.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

What did the scientific revolution owe to the Middle Ages?

Accepted Answer

The scientific revolution was rooted in

Question 10

The first woman to receive a doctorate degree in philosophy in Italy was:

Accepted Answer

A) Maria Winkelmann. 
B) Margaret Cavendish. 
C) Elena Cornaro Piscopia. 
D) Maria Sibylla Merian. 
E) Laura Bassi. 
A) Maria Winkelmann. 
B) Margaret Cavendish. 
C) Elena Cornaro Piscopia. 
D) Maria Sibylla Merian. 
E) Laura Bassi.

Question 11

Galileo Galilei was brought to trial by the Inquisition because he:

Accepted Answer

A) failed to prove Copernican ideas to Cardinal Baronius. 
B) promoted Copernican ideas and had insulted his old patron,Cardinal Barberini,who was now Pope Urban VIII. 
C) refused to accept the truth of Christianity;he remained an avowed Muslim. 
D) made too good an impression on his Medici patrons. 
E) refused to publish the results of his observations refuting Copernicus. 
A) failed to prove Copernican ideas to Cardinal Baronius. 
B) promoted Copernican ideas and had insulted his old patron,Cardinal Barberini,who was now Pope Urban VIII. 
C) refused to accept the truth of Christianity;he remained an avowed Muslim. 
D) made too good an impression on his Medici patrons. 
E) refused to publish the results of his observations refuting Copernicus.

Question 12

Throughout the Middle Ages,the most important classical authorities on natural philosophy were _________ and _________.

Accepted Answer

A) Plato;Aristotle 
B) Plato;Ptolemy 
C) Aristotle;Galen 
D) Aristotle;Ptolemy 
E) Galen;Ptolemy 
A) Plato;Aristotle 
B) Plato;Ptolemy 
C) Aristotle;Galen 
D) Aristotle;Ptolemy 
E) Galen;Ptolemy

Question 13

The new scientific societies did all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) gave natural philosophers a common sense of purpose. 
B) provided a system to reach agreement and establish "matters of fact." 
C) separated scientific research from politics and religion. 
D) helped restore a sense of order and consensus in society. 
E) challenged the mystical basis of monarchical authority. 
A) gave natural philosophers a common sense of purpose. 
B) provided a system to reach agreement and establish "matters of fact." 
C) separated scientific research from politics and religion. 
D) helped restore a sense of order and consensus in society. 
E) challenged the mystical basis of monarchical authority.

Question 14

Copernicus was an atheist scientist trying to discredit the Catholic Church.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The bulk of the philosophy of René Descartes may be summed up by which statement?

Accepted Answer

A) "But still,it moves!" 
B) "I think,therefore I am." 
C) "Tell us how to go to heaven,not how heaven goes." 
D) "I frame no hypotheses." 
E) "Dare to think!" 
A) "But still,it moves!" 
B) "I think,therefore I am." 
C) "Tell us how to go to heaven,not how heaven goes." 
D) "I frame no hypotheses." 
E) "Dare to think!"

Question 16

Galileo's work apparently had no support from within the Catholic Church.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Tycho Brahe differed from Copernicus in believing that planets orbited the sun and the whole system orbited around a stationary Earth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The view that progress in scientific knowledge requires the cooperative effort of experimentalists and researchers who would draw inferences and develop practical applications was made by Francis Bacon in his fable:

Accepted Answer

A) Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems. 
B) The Discourse on Method. 
C) Novum Organum. 
D) The New Atlantis. 
E) Two New Sciences. 
A) Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems. 
B) The Discourse on Method. 
C) Novum Organum. 
D) The New Atlantis. 
E) Two New Sciences.

Question 19

One result of Galileo's trial was that:

Accepted Answer

A) the Church accepted his findings on mechanics but refused to accept Copernicanism. 
B) De Revolutionibus was removed from the Index of Forbidden Books. 
C) he left Italy for England and became a member of the Royal Society. 
D) the New Science flourished in northwest Europe. 
E) scientists in Italy publicly rallied to Galileo's cause. 
A) the Church accepted his findings on mechanics but refused to accept Copernicanism. 
B) De Revolutionibus was removed from the Index of Forbidden Books. 
C) he left Italy for England and became a member of the Royal Society. 
D) the New Science flourished in northwest Europe. 
E) scientists in Italy publicly rallied to Galileo's cause.

Question 20

The book by Galileo,which openly declared his support for Copernican ideas was:

Accepted Answer

A) Starry Messenger. 
B) Three Laws of Planetary motion. 
C) Letters on Sunspots. 
D) Cosmographic Mystery. 
E) On the Revolution of Heavenly Spheres. 
A) Starry Messenger. 
B) Three Laws of Planetary motion. 
C) Letters on Sunspots. 
D) Cosmographic Mystery. 
E) On the Revolution of Heavenly Spheres.

What was the role of women in the scientific revolution?

Descartes introduced a new method for understanding called deductive reasoning,which relied on proceeding logically from one certainty to another.

The general conception of the universe [in Europe] before Copernicus was that:

Although logic and geometry had played a role in the medieval worldview,_________ would assume a much more central role in the "New Science."

René Descartes believed he had proven the existence of God through his use of systematic doubt in his book:

One of the founders of modern chemistry was the Englishman:

What was the main difference between the English Baconian natural philosophers and their Cartesian counterparts in France,Holland,and elsewhere in northern Europe?

Galileo's works were widely read and raised awareness of changes in natural philosophy across Europe.

What did the scientific revolution owe to the Middle Ages?

The first woman to receive a doctorate degree in philosophy in Italy was:

Galileo Galilei was brought to trial by the Inquisition because he:

Throughout the Middle Ages,the most important classical authorities on natural philosophy were _ and _.

The new scientific societies did all of the following except:

Copernicus was an atheist scientist trying to discredit the Catholic Church.

The bulk of the philosophy of René Descartes may be summed up by which statement?

Galileo's work apparently had no support from within the Catholic Church.

Tycho Brahe differed from Copernicus in believing that planets orbited the sun and the whole system orbited around a stationary Earth.

The view that progress in scientific knowledge requires the cooperative effort of experimentalists and researchers who would draw inferences and develop practical applications was made by Francis Bacon in his fable:

One result of Galileo's trial was that:

The book by Galileo,which openly declared his support for Copernican ideas was:

The Medieval World, 1250-1350

Rebirth and Unrest, 1350-1453

Innovation and Exploration, 1453-1533

The Age of Dissent and Division, 1500-1564

Europe in the Atlantic World, 1550-1660

European Monarchies and Absolutism, 1660-1725

Europe During the Enlightenment

The French Revolution

The Industrial Revolution and Nineteenth-Century Society

The Age of Ideologies: Europe in the Aftermath of Revolution, 1815-1848

Revolutions and Nation Building, 1848-1871

Imperialism and Colonialism, 1870-1914

Modern Industry and Mass Politics, 1870-1914

The First World War

Turmoil Between the Wars

The Second World War

The Cold War World: Global Politics, economic Recovery, and Cultural Change

Red Flags and Velvet Revolutions: the End of the Cold War, 1960-1990

A World Without Walls: Globalization and the West

Filters

Exam 7: The New Science of the Seventeenth Century

What was the role of women in the scientific revolution?

Descartes introduced a new method for understanding called deductive reasoning,which relied on proceeding logically from one certainty to another.

The general conception of the universe [in Europe] before Copernicus was that:

Although logic and geometry had played a role in the medieval worldview,_________ would assume a much more central role in the "New Science."

René Descartes believed he had proven the existence of God through his use of systematic doubt in his book:

One of the founders of modern chemistry was the Englishman:

What was the main difference between the English Baconian natural philosophers and their Cartesian counterparts in France,Holland,and elsewhere in northern Europe?

Galileo's works were widely read and raised awareness of changes in natural philosophy across Europe.

What did the scientific revolution owe to the Middle Ages?

The first woman to receive a doctorate degree in philosophy in Italy was:

Galileo Galilei was brought to trial by the Inquisition because he:

Throughout the Middle Ages,the most important classical authorities on natural philosophy were _________ and _________.

The new scientific societies did all of the following except:

Copernicus was an atheist scientist trying to discredit the Catholic Church.

The bulk of the philosophy of René Descartes may be summed up by which statement?

Galileo's work apparently had no support from within the Catholic Church.

Tycho Brahe differed from Copernicus in believing that planets orbited the sun and the whole system orbited around a stationary Earth.

The view that progress in scientific knowledge requires the cooperative effort of experimentalists and researchers who would draw inferences and develop practical applications was made by Francis Bacon in his fable:

One result of Galileo's trial was that:

The book by Galileo,which openly declared his support for Copernican ideas was:

The Medieval World, 1250-1350

Rebirth and Unrest, 1350-1453

Innovation and Exploration, 1453-1533

The Age of Dissent and Division, 1500-1564

Europe in the Atlantic World, 1550-1660

European Monarchies and Absolutism, 1660-1725

Europe During the Enlightenment

The French Revolution

The Industrial Revolution and Nineteenth-Century Society

The Age of Ideologies: Europe in the Aftermath of Revolution, 1815-1848

Revolutions and Nation Building, 1848-1871

Imperialism and Colonialism, 1870-1914

Modern Industry and Mass Politics, 1870-1914

The First World War

Turmoil Between the Wars

The Second World War

The Cold War World: Global Politics, economic Recovery, and Cultural Change

Red Flags and Velvet Revolutions: the End of the Cold War, 1960-1990

A World Without Walls: Globalization and the West

Filters

Throughout the Middle Ages,the most important classical authorities on natural philosophy were _ and _.