Question 1

An inhibitory postsynaptic potential can be the result of

Accepted Answer

A) chloride ions (Cl-) entering the somatodendritic regions of a postsynaptic neuron 
B) potassium ions (K+) exiting the somatodendritic regions of a postsynaptic neuron 
C) either of these 
D) neither of these 
A) chloride ions (Cl-) entering the somatodendritic regions of a postsynaptic neuron 
B) potassium ions (K+) exiting the somatodendritic regions of a postsynaptic neuron 
C) either of these 
D) neither of these C

Question 2

In terms of an individual neuron's excitability, what would be the consequence of a drug that reduced the ability of voltage sensitive sodium ion channels at a neuron's axon hillock open up?

Accepted Answer

Since this would inhibit sodium flow rapidly into the axon, the neuron's excitability, i.e., its ability to create action potentials, would decrease.

Question 3

After a neurotransmitter is released from an axon terminal, what are three things that can happen to it?

Accepted Answer

1.Bind to post-synaptic receptors
2.Bind to autoreceptors
3.Undergo reuptake into axon terminal or
4.Uptake into glial cells
5.Diffuse through extracellular fluid
6.Undergo enzymatic degradation

Question 4

The chemicals that are released by axons into a synapse to alter the excitability of other neurons are called

Accepted Answer

A) ions 
B) neurotransmitters 
C) synaptic vesicles 
D) enzymes 
A) ions 
B) neurotransmitters 
C) synaptic vesicles 
D) enzymes

Question 5

Under baseline conditions, each neuron is said to be _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) charged 
B) polarized 
C) ready 
D) volatized 
A) charged 
B) polarized 
C) ready 
D) volatized

Question 6

Drugs that affect mood, behavior, and perception most commonly act by

Accepted Answer

A) altering the normal biochemical functions carried out at the synapse 
B) increasing the excitability of neurons 
C) decreasing the excitability of neurons 
D) slowing the action potential down 
A) altering the normal biochemical functions carried out at the synapse 
B) increasing the excitability of neurons 
C) decreasing the excitability of neurons 
D) slowing the action potential down

Question 7

"Information" typically enters a neuron through the

Accepted Answer

A) axon 
B) dendrites 
C) mitochondria 
D) autoreceptors 
A) axon 
B) dendrites 
C) mitochondria 
D) autoreceptors

Question 8

Hyperpolarization of the dendritic membrane through the actions of a neurotransmitter is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) an inhibitory postsynaptic potential 
B) an excitatory postsynaptic potential 
C) an action potential 
D) the refractory period 
A) an inhibitory postsynaptic potential 
B) an excitatory postsynaptic potential 
C) an action potential 
D) the refractory period

Question 9

The predominant action of a neuron in the central nervous system is to

Accepted Answer

A) stimulate (excite) other neurons 
B) inhibit the firing of other neurons 
C) either increase or decrease the excitability of other neurons and thus alter their tendency to fire 
D) alter metabolic activities which take place in the nucleus of other neurons 
A) stimulate (excite) other neurons 
B) inhibit the firing of other neurons 
C) either increase or decrease the excitability of other neurons and thus alter their tendency to fire 
D) alter metabolic activities which take place in the nucleus of other neurons

Question 10

Assume that we activate a neuron's autoreceptors that are located on its presynaptic terminals.What are two things that are most likely going to happen regarding the neurotransmitters of that neuron?

Accepted Answer

1.The neuron's synthesis of ne

Question 11

When chemically (ligand) gated channels open and allow negatively charged ions (e.g., chloride, Cl-) to enter a neuron in the dendrites or cell body, the consequence is

Accepted Answer

A) a decrease in the neuron's excitability (i.e., its tendency to create an action potential) 
B) an increase in the neuron's excitability (i.e., its tendency to create an action potential) 
C) to create an action potential 
A) a decrease in the neuron's excitability (i.e., its tendency to create an action potential) 
B) an increase in the neuron's excitability (i.e., its tendency to create an action potential) 
C) to create an action potential

Question 12

A major difference between a cell axon and a cell dendrite is that a dendrite

Accepted Answer

A) is longer and thicker 
B) conducts information toward the cell body 
C) is encased in a myelin sheath 
D) conducts information away from the cell body 
A) is longer and thicker 
B) conducts information toward the cell body 
C) is encased in a myelin sheath 
D) conducts information away from the cell body

Question 13

The processes influencing the shift in threshold potential which initiates an action potential most commonly involve (1) ; the processes leading to the propagation of an action potential along an axon involve (2)

Accepted Answer

A) (1) voltage gated ion channels; (2) chemically gated ion channels 
B) (1) chemically gated ion channels; (2) voltage gated ion channels 
C) (1) chemically gated ion channels; (2) chemically gated ion channels 
D) (1) voltage gated ion channels; (2) voltage gated ion channels 
A) (1) voltage gated ion channels; (2) chemically gated ion channels 
B) (1) chemically gated ion channels; (2) voltage gated ion channels 
C) (1) chemically gated ion channels; (2) chemically gated ion channels 
D) (1) voltage gated ion channels; (2) voltage gated ion channels

Question 14

Assume that you are able to monitor the rate of firing of a single neuron.Assume that you apply a drug that acts as an agonist at the neuron's autoreceptors located on its cell body.Indicate what the most likely effect the drug would have on the neuron's firing rate and provide a reasonable explanation for the mechanism underlying this effect.

Accepted Answer

Activation of the autoreceptor

Question 15

A force through which the resting potential of neurons is maintained involves

Accepted Answer

A) ion concentration gradient pressure 
B) electrostatic pressure 
C) sodium-potassium pumps in neuronal membranes 
D) all of these 
A) ion concentration gradient pressure 
B) electrostatic pressure 
C) sodium-potassium pumps in neuronal membranes 
D) all of these

Question 16

The magnitude of an action potential _____________________as it moves down the axon from the axon hillock to the axon terminal.

Accepted Answer

A) increases 
B) decreases 
C) is unchanged 
D) varies erratically 
A) increases 
B) decreases 
C) is unchanged 
D) varies erratically

Question 17

Which type of receptors appear to exert primarily inhibitory feedback actions on neurons?

Accepted Answer

A) ionotropic receptors 
B) postsynaptic receptors 
C) autoreceptors 
D) heteroreceptors 
A) ionotropic receptors 
B) postsynaptic receptors 
C) autoreceptors 
D) heteroreceptors

Question 18

An action potential arrives at an axon terminal.Describe the general process of synaptic neurotransmission from that point on with respect to presynaptic and postsynaptic activity in the synapse.

Accepted Answer

Ca⁺⁺ entry into terminal causes release of

Question 19

The voltage potential of an individual neuron at rest is approximately

Accepted Answer

A) 30 mV 
B) 70 mV 
C) -10 mV 
D) -70 mV 
A) 30 mV 
B) 70 mV 
C) -10 mV 
D) -70 mV

Question 20

Cocaine's local anesthetic properties are most likely due to its ability to

Accepted Answer

A) occupy Na+ channels and block Na+ flow into axons 
B) block neurotransmitter receptors 
C) facilitate the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters 
D) reduce the release of excitatory neurotransmitters 
A) occupy Na+ channels and block Na+ flow into axons 
B) block neurotransmitter receptors 
C) facilitate the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters 
D) reduce the release of excitatory neurotransmitters

An inhibitory postsynaptic potential can be the result of

In terms of an individual neuron's excitability, what would be the consequence of a drug that reduced the ability of voltage sensitive sodium ion channels at a neuron's axon hillock open up?

After a neurotransmitter is released from an axon terminal, what are three things that can happen to it?

The chemicals that are released by axons into a synapse to alter the excitability of other neurons are called

Under baseline conditions, each neuron is said to be _____________.

Drugs that affect mood, behavior, and perception most commonly act by

"Information" typically enters a neuron through the

Hyperpolarization of the dendritic membrane through the actions of a neurotransmitter is referred to as

The predominant action of a neuron in the central nervous system is to

Assume that we activate a neuron's autoreceptors that are located on its presynaptic terminals.What are two things that are most likely going to happen regarding the neurotransmitters of that neuron?

When chemically (ligand) gated channels open and allow negatively charged ions (e.g., chloride, Cl^-) to enter a neuron in the dendrites or cell body, the consequence is

A major difference between a cell axon and a cell dendrite is that a dendrite

The processes influencing the shift in threshold potential which initiates an action potential most commonly involve (1) ; the processes leading to the propagation of an action potential along an axon involve (2)

A force through which the resting potential of neurons is maintained involves

The magnitude of an action potential _____________________as it moves down the axon from the axon hillock to the axon terminal.

Which type of receptors appear to exert primarily inhibitory feedback actions on neurons?

An action potential arrives at an axon terminal.Describe the general process of synaptic neurotransmission from that point on with respect to presynaptic and postsynaptic activity in the synapse.

The voltage potential of an individual neuron at rest is approximately

Cocaine's local anesthetic properties are most likely due to its ability to

Psychopharmacology in Perspective

Drug Classification and Behavioral Assessment

Basic Principles of Pharmacology

Synaptic Transmission, Drugs, and Chemical Neuroanatomy

Tolerance, Sensitization, Dependence, and Addiction

Psychomotor Stimulants and Antiparkinsonian Drugs

Antipsychotic Drugs and Neurochemical Hypotheses of Schizophrenia

Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Sedative-Hypnotics, Anxiolytics, and Anticonvulsants

Drug Treatment of Cognitive Dysfunction

Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Opiates and Their Antagonists

Dissociative Anesthetics

Filters

Exam 4: Excitability and Chemical Signaling in Nerve Cells

An inhibitory postsynaptic potential can be the result of

In terms of an individual neuron's excitability, what would be the consequence of a drug that reduced the ability of voltage sensitive sodium ion channels at a neuron's axon hillock open up?

After a neurotransmitter is released from an axon terminal, what are three things that can happen to it?

The chemicals that are released by axons into a synapse to alter the excitability of other neurons are called

Under baseline conditions, each neuron is said to be _____________.

Drugs that affect mood, behavior, and perception most commonly act by

"Information" typically enters a neuron through the

Hyperpolarization of the dendritic membrane through the actions of a neurotransmitter is referred to as

The predominant action of a neuron in the central nervous system is to

Assume that we activate a neuron's autoreceptors that are located on its presynaptic terminals.What are two things that are most likely going to happen regarding the neurotransmitters of that neuron?

When chemically (ligand) gated channels open and allow negatively charged ions (e.g., chloride, Cl-) to enter a neuron in the dendrites or cell body, the consequence is

A major difference between a cell axon and a cell dendrite is that a dendrite

The processes influencing the shift in threshold potential which initiates an action potential most commonly involve (1) ; the processes leading to the propagation of an action potential along an axon involve (2)

A force through which the resting potential of neurons is maintained involves

The magnitude of an action potential _____________________as it moves down the axon from the axon hillock to the axon terminal.

Which type of receptors appear to exert primarily inhibitory feedback actions on neurons?

An action potential arrives at an axon terminal.Describe the general process of synaptic neurotransmission from that point on with respect to presynaptic and postsynaptic activity in the synapse.

The voltage potential of an individual neuron at rest is approximately

Cocaine's local anesthetic properties are most likely due to its ability to

Psychopharmacology in Perspective

Drug Classification and Behavioral Assessment

Basic Principles of Pharmacology

Synaptic Transmission, Drugs, and Chemical Neuroanatomy

Tolerance, Sensitization, Dependence, and Addiction

Psychomotor Stimulants and Antiparkinsonian Drugs

Antipsychotic Drugs and Neurochemical Hypotheses of Schizophrenia

Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Sedative-Hypnotics, Anxiolytics, and Anticonvulsants

Drug Treatment of Cognitive Dysfunction

Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Opiates and Their Antagonists

Dissociative Anesthetics

Filters

When chemically (ligand) gated channels open and allow negatively charged ions (e.g., chloride, Cl^-) to enter a neuron in the dendrites or cell body, the consequence is