Question 1

The primary reward and punishment centers in the brain are in the

Accepted Answer

A) reticular activating system 
B) limbic system 
C) cerebral cortex 
D) basal ganglia 
A) reticular activating system 
B) limbic system 
C) cerebral cortex 
D) basal ganglia A

Question 2

The activity of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Accepted Answer

A) is most pronounced in calm situations 
B) prepares an organism for emergencies 
C) controls voluntary muscle activity 
D) allows for emotions to be experienced 
A) is most pronounced in calm situations 
B) prepares an organism for emergencies 
C) controls voluntary muscle activity 
D) allows for emotions to be experienced B

Question 3

Which of the following has a molecular structure most similar to norepinephrine?

Accepted Answer

A) dopamine 
B) acetylcholine 
C) endorphins 
D) GABA 
A) dopamine 
B) acetylcholine 
C) endorphins 
D) GABA C

Question 4

What is a primary distinction between a neurotransmitter and a neurohormone?

Accepted Answer

A) one acts at specific receptors and the other alters cell membrane potentials 
B) the distance they must travel before exerting an action on cells 
C) their chemical structure 
D) all of the above 
A) one acts at specific receptors and the other alters cell membrane potentials 
B) the distance they must travel before exerting an action on cells 
C) their chemical structure 
D) all of the above

Question 5

A deficiency of acetylcholine input into the hippocampus has been implicated in which disease?

Accepted Answer

A) Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia 
B) Parkinson's disease 
C) schizophrenia 
D) bipolar disorders 
A) Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia 
B) Parkinson's disease 
C) schizophrenia 
D) bipolar disorders

Question 6

What are two basic ways of distinguishing a neurotransmitter (its most specific meaning) and a neurohormone (its most specific meaning)?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters are generally released

Question 7

Parkinson's disease has been attributed to __________________________in certain areas of the brain.

Accepted Answer

A) an excess of dopamine 
B) destruction of dopamine-containing neurons 
C) increased turnover of dopamine 
D) the production of dopa to dopamine 
A) an excess of dopamine 
B) destruction of dopamine-containing neurons 
C) increased turnover of dopamine 
D) the production of dopa to dopamine

Question 8

Associate the brain structure or system below with the letter corresponding to the function for which it is most likely and primarily responsible.
a.regulates expression of basic drive states, e.g., hunger, thirst, sex, and mediates CNS control over endocrine system
b.coordinates balance and the body's movements; potentially involved in reactions to pleasurable stimulation, e.g., orgasm, heroin "rush"
c.regulates emotions and the formation of certain memories; most drugs of abuse enhance dopaminergic activity in this structure/system
d.contain the primary receiving area for auditory information and visual recognition.
e.regulation of slow voluntary movements modified by sensory feedback; loss of dopaminergic input into this area produces symptoms of Parkinson's disease
f.relay station in the brain
g.peripheral nervous system controlling smooth muscle and several glands
h.allows the two cerebral hemispheres to communicate with each other
i.essential for working memory, judging the values of rewards and punishments and predicting future events
j.regulates essential life reflexes, e.g., heart rate, blood pressure
1.____ temporal lobes
2.____ limbic system
3.____ cerebellum
4.____ autonomic nervous system
5.____ thalamus
6.____ hypothalamus
7.____ prefrontal cortex
8.____ medulla
9.____ corpus callosum
10.____ basal forebrain system

Accepted Answer

1.d
2.c
3.

Question 9

Complex motor activities such as walking occur in a coordinated and integrated manner most directly because of your

Accepted Answer

A) medulla 
B) hypothalamus 
C) cerebellum 
D) frontal cortex 
A) medulla 
B) hypothalamus 
C) cerebellum 
D) frontal cortex

Question 10

Neurotransmitters are most commonly stored in

Accepted Answer

A) dendrites 
B) vesicles 
C) receptors 
D) cell bodies 
A) dendrites 
B) vesicles 
C) receptors 
D) cell bodies

Question 11

The starting material for catecholamine synthesis is the amino acid ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) cytosine 
B) guanine 
C) tyrosine 
D) adenosine 
A) cytosine 
B) guanine 
C) tyrosine 
D) adenosine

Question 12

Drugs that antagonize B adrenergic receptors are used to treat _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) high blood pressure 
B) diabetes 
C) Parkinson's 
D) depression 
A) high blood pressure 
B) diabetes 
C) Parkinson's 
D) depression

Question 13

If tryptophan is given in large amounts, it

Accepted Answer

A) is unlikely to have much effect on the brain unless consumed with the proper mixture of other nutrients 
B) generally produces profound alterations in brain functions 
C) can increase the synthesis of acetylcholine 
D) can reverse the deficits of Alzheimer's disease 
A) is unlikely to have much effect on the brain unless consumed with the proper mixture of other nutrients 
B) generally produces profound alterations in brain functions 
C) can increase the synthesis of acetylcholine 
D) can reverse the deficits of Alzheimer's disease

Question 14

Suppose that a person wants to increase their brain levels of serotonin, so they take a pill containing the amino acid tryptophan, which is the precursor for serotonin production.Explain why this may or may not actually change the person's brain levels of serotonin.

Accepted Answer

Because of competition among all the ami

Question 15

In terms of sheer quantity, the major neurotransmitters in the mammalian brain are

Accepted Answer

A) catecholamines 
B) neuropeptides 
C) amino acids 
D) endorphins 
A) catecholamines 
B) neuropeptides 
C) amino acids 
D) endorphins

Question 16

A drug that increases the excitability of a specific type of neuron can lead to

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in the frequency of a variety of motor activities 
B) a decrease in the frequency of a variety of motor activities 
C) a decrease in one's emotional reactions 
D) all of the above 
A) an increase in the frequency of a variety of motor activities 
B) a decrease in the frequency of a variety of motor activities 
C) a decrease in one's emotional reactions 
D) all of the above

Question 17

Indicate the part or system of the brain or neurotransmitter that plays the most direct role in the functions listed below.

Accepted Answer

A) primary reward: A .limbic system, particularly the nucleus accumbens, dopamine (possibly enkephalins) 
B) regulation of primary drives like thirst, hunger, and sex: A .hypothalamus, limbic structures 
C) regulation of vital life reflex activities such as respiration: A .medulla 
A) primary reward: A .limbic system, particularly the nucleus accumbens, dopamine (possibly enkephalins) 
B) regulation of primary drives like thirst, hunger, and sex: A .hypothalamus, limbic structures 
C) regulation of vital life reflex activities such as respiration: A .medulla

Question 18

What are two basic functional distinctions between ionotropic receptors and metabotropic receptors?

Accepted Answer

Ionotropic (fast) receptors are directly

Question 19

The brain and spinal cord belong to the ________________________nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) central 
B) autonomic 
C) peripheral 
D) all of these 
A) central 
B) autonomic 
C) peripheral 
D) all of these

Question 20

The gold standard for Parkinson's disease is ________________.

Accepted Answer

A) K-DOPA 
B) L-DOPA 
C) S-DOPA 
D) P-GABA 
A) K-DOPA 
B) L-DOPA 
C) S-DOPA 
D) P-GABA

The primary reward and punishment centers in the brain are in the

The activity of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Which of the following has a molecular structure most similar to norepinephrine?

What is a primary distinction between a neurotransmitter and a neurohormone?

A deficiency of acetylcholine input into the hippocampus has been implicated in which disease?

What are two basic ways of distinguishing a neurotransmitter (its most specific meaning) and a neurohormone (its most specific meaning)?

Parkinson's disease has been attributed to __________________________in certain areas of the brain.

Complex motor activities such as walking occur in a coordinated and integrated manner most directly because of your

Neurotransmitters are most commonly stored in

The starting material for catecholamine synthesis is the amino acid ____________.

Drugs that antagonize B adrenergic receptors are used to treat _______________.

If tryptophan is given in large amounts, it

Suppose that a person wants to increase their brain levels of serotonin, so they take a pill containing the amino acid tryptophan, which is the precursor for serotonin production.Explain why this may or may not actually change the person's brain levels of serotonin.

In terms of sheer quantity, the major neurotransmitters in the mammalian brain are

A drug that increases the excitability of a specific type of neuron can lead to

Indicate the part or system of the brain or neurotransmitter that plays the most direct role in the functions listed below.

What are two basic functional distinctions between ionotropic receptors and metabotropic receptors?

The brain and spinal cord belong to the ________________________nervous system.

The gold standard for Parkinson's disease is ________________.

Psychopharmacology in Perspective

Drug Classification and Behavioral Assessment

Basic Principles of Pharmacology

Excitability and Chemical Signaling in Nerve Cells

Tolerance, Sensitization, Dependence, and Addiction

Psychomotor Stimulants and Antiparkinsonian Drugs

Antipsychotic Drugs and Neurochemical Hypotheses of Schizophrenia

Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Sedative-Hypnotics, Anxiolytics, and Anticonvulsants

Drug Treatment of Cognitive Dysfunction

Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Opiates and Their Antagonists

Dissociative Anesthetics

Filters

Exam 5: Synaptic Transmission, Drugs, and Chemical Neuroanatomy

The primary reward and punishment centers in the brain are in the

The activity of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Which of the following has a molecular structure most similar to norepinephrine?

What is a primary distinction between a neurotransmitter and a neurohormone?

A deficiency of acetylcholine input into the hippocampus has been implicated in which disease?

What are two basic ways of distinguishing a neurotransmitter (its most specific meaning) and a neurohormone (its most specific meaning)?

Parkinson's disease has been attributed to __________________________in certain areas of the brain.

Complex motor activities such as walking occur in a coordinated and integrated manner most directly because of your

Neurotransmitters are most commonly stored in

The starting material for catecholamine synthesis is the amino acid ____________.

Drugs that antagonize B adrenergic receptors are used to treat _______________.

If tryptophan is given in large amounts, it

Suppose that a person wants to increase their brain levels of serotonin, so they take a pill containing the amino acid tryptophan, which is the precursor for serotonin production.Explain why this may or may not actually change the person's brain levels of serotonin.

In terms of sheer quantity, the major neurotransmitters in the mammalian brain are

A drug that increases the excitability of a specific type of neuron can lead to

Indicate the part or system of the brain or neurotransmitter that plays the most direct role in the functions listed below.

What are two basic functional distinctions between ionotropic receptors and metabotropic receptors?

The brain and spinal cord belong to the ________________________nervous system.

The gold standard for Parkinson's disease is ________________.

Psychopharmacology in Perspective

Drug Classification and Behavioral Assessment

Basic Principles of Pharmacology

Excitability and Chemical Signaling in Nerve Cells

Tolerance, Sensitization, Dependence, and Addiction

Psychomotor Stimulants and Antiparkinsonian Drugs

Antipsychotic Drugs and Neurochemical Hypotheses of Schizophrenia

Antidepressants and Mood Stabilizers

Sedative-Hypnotics, Anxiolytics, and Anticonvulsants

Drug Treatment of Cognitive Dysfunction

Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Opiates and Their Antagonists

Dissociative Anesthetics

Filters