Question 1

When fossil fuels burn, carbon is released into the atmosphere as __________ __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When fossil fuels burn, carbon is released...

Question 2

Carbon exists in the atmosphere mostly as methane and __________ __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carbon exists in the atmosphere mostly as...

Question 3

As temperature increases, the ratio of 18O to 16O in hard tissues, such as bone and shell, of many organisms __________.

Accepted Answer

Question 4

Continental interiors generally experience __________ winters and __________ summers than coastal areas.

Accepted Answer

A)  colder, cooler 
B)  colder, hotter 
C)  warmer, cooler 
D)  warmer, hotter 
A)  colder, cooler 
B)  colder, hotter 
C)  warmer, cooler 
D)  warmer, hotter

Question 5

__________ __________ ratios in glacial ice can be used to infer past temperatures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ __________ ratios in glacial ice can...

Question 6

When carbon dioxide gas dissolves in seawater, it forms calcium carbonate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The four industrial greenhouse gases are:

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, and oxygen. 
B)  carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen, and oxygen. 
C)  methane, chlorofluorocarbons, oxygen, and nitrogen oxides. 
D)  carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, and nitrogen oxides. 
A)  carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, and oxygen. 
B)  carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen, and oxygen. 
C)  methane, chlorofluorocarbons, oxygen, and nitrogen oxides. 
D)  carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, and nitrogen oxides.

Question 8

Scientists determine past tree species abundances by studying __________ preserved in lake bottoms and bogs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Scientists determine past tree species abundances by...

Question 9

Water molecules containing 16O are __________ and evaporate __________ than those containing 18O.

Accepted Answer

A)  lighter, more easily 
B)  lighter, at a lower rate 
C)  heavier, more easily 
D)  heavier, at a lower rate 
A)  lighter, more easily 
B)  lighter, at a lower rate 
C)  heavier, more easily 
D)  heavier, at a lower rate

Question 10

Carbon exists in the atmosphere mostly as __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide, methane 
B)  calcium carbonate, methane 
C)  carbon dioxide, calcium carbonate 
D)  methane, bicarbonate 
A)  carbon dioxide, methane 
B)  calcium carbonate, methane 
C)  carbon dioxide, calcium carbonate 
D)  methane, bicarbonate

Question 11

The presence of tillite indicates that the sediment was deposited during a period of cold climate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Extreme weather events will likely become more common in a warmer world.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Marine corals and shelled organisms:

Accepted Answer

A)  release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere as they convert carbonate ions to hard shells. 
B)  convert carbon from the remains of dead plants and animals to hard shells. 
C)  extract carbon from the lower crust and upper mantle. 
D)  absorb calcium and carbonate ions from seawater and convert them to hard shells. 
A)  release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere as they convert carbonate ions to hard shells. 
B)  convert carbon from the remains of dead plants and animals to hard shells. 
C)  extract carbon from the lower crust and upper mantle. 
D)  absorb calcium and carbonate ions from seawater and convert them to hard shells.

Question 14

Oxygen isotope ratios in Greenland and Antarctic glaciers:

Accepted Answer

A)  reflect sea surface temperatures 500 million to one billion years ago. 
B)  are the most useful method for determining global temperatures in the past 100 years. 
C)  reflect atmospheric temperatures within the past 110,000 years. 
D)  directly measure the temperature of the ocean depths 10,000 years ago. 
A)  reflect sea surface temperatures 500 million to one billion years ago. 
B)  are the most useful method for determining global temperatures in the past 100 years. 
C)  reflect atmospheric temperatures within the past 110,000 years. 
D)  directly measure the temperature of the ocean depths 10,000 years ago.

Question 15

The atmosphere is the biggest carbon reservoir of all of Earth's spheres.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

When carbon dioxide gas dissolves in seawater, it reacts to form bicarbonate and __________ ions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When carbon dioxide gas dissolves in seawater,...

Question 17

The atmosphere has warmed by about __________ during the last 50 years.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.15°C 
B)  5°C 
C)  0.8°C 
D)  1.5°C 
A)  0.15°C 
B)  5°C 
C)  0.8°C 
D)  1.5°C

Question 18

A massive bolide impact about 65 million years ago:

Accepted Answer

A)  warmed the atmosphere by releasing carbon dioxide. 
B)  cooled the atmosphere by releasing carbon dioxide. 
C)  warmed the atmosphere by releasing ash and sulfur compounds. 
D)  cooled the atmosphere by releasing enough rock and dust to block out sunlight. 
A)  warmed the atmosphere by releasing carbon dioxide. 
B)  cooled the atmosphere by releasing carbon dioxide. 
C)  warmed the atmosphere by releasing ash and sulfur compounds. 
D)  cooled the atmosphere by releasing enough rock and dust to block out sunlight.

Question 19

Which of the following is not true for carbon dioxide? It:

Accepted Answer

A)  dissolves in seawater. 
B)  is destroyed when organic matter is burned. 
C)  reacts with other chemicals to form solid rocks. 
D)  absorbs infrared radiation. 
A)  dissolves in seawater. 
B)  is destroyed when organic matter is burned. 
C)  reacts with other chemicals to form solid rocks. 
D)  absorbs infrared radiation.

Question 20

The 18O/16O ratio in glacial ice reflects water temperature at the time the water evaporated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 21: Climate Change

When fossil fuels burn, carbon is released into the atmosphere as __________ __________.

Carbon exists in the atmosphere mostly as methane and __________ __________.

As temperature increases, the ratio of 18O to 16O in hard tissues, such as bone and shell, of many organisms __________.

Continental interiors generally experience __________ winters and __________ summers than coastal areas.

__________ __________ ratios in glacial ice can be used to infer past temperatures.

When carbon dioxide gas dissolves in seawater, it forms calcium carbonate.

The four industrial greenhouse gases are:

Scientists determine past tree species abundances by studying __________ preserved in lake bottoms and bogs.

Water molecules containing 16O are __________ and evaporate __________ than those containing 18O.

Carbon exists in the atmosphere mostly as __________ and __________.

The presence of tillite indicates that the sediment was deposited during a period of cold climate.

Extreme weather events will likely become more common in a warmer world.

Marine corals and shelled organisms:

Oxygen isotope ratios in Greenland and Antarctic glaciers:

The atmosphere is the biggest carbon reservoir of all of Earth's spheres.

When carbon dioxide gas dissolves in seawater, it reacts to form bicarbonate and __________ ions.

The atmosphere has warmed by about __________ during the last 50 years.

A massive bolide impact about 65 million years ago:

Which of the following is not true for carbon dioxide? It:

The 18O/16O ratio in glacial ice reflects water temperature at the time the water evaporated.

Earth Systems

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The Active Earth: Plate Tectonics

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Fresh Water: Streams, Lakes, Ground Water, and Wetlands

Water Resources

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The Atmosphere

Energy Balance in the Atmosphere

Moisture, Clouds, and Weather

Climate

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Planets and Their Moons

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Filters

When fossil fuels burn, carbon is released into the atmosphere as .

Carbon exists in the atmosphere mostly as methane and .

As temperature increases, the ratio of ¹⁸O to ¹⁶O in hard tissues, such as bone and shell, of many organisms __________.

Continental interiors generally experience winters and summers than coastal areas.

ratios in glacial ice can be used to infer past temperatures.

Water molecules containing ¹⁶O are and evaporate than those containing ¹⁸O.

Carbon exists in the atmosphere mostly as and .

The ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratio in glacial ice reflects water temperature at the time the water evaporated.