Question 1

__________ are small earthquakes that precede a large quake by an interval ranging from a few seconds to a few weeks.

Accepted Answer

Foreshocks

Question 2

Earthquakes occur repeatedly along established faults because:

Accepted Answer

A)  they are over a spreading center. 
B)  when tectonic stress builds, the rock is more likely to move along the fault than to crack again and create a new fault. 
C)  they are occurring slowly and continuously at a subduction zone. 
D)  they occur at plate interiors. 
A)  they are over a spreading center. 
B)  when tectonic stress builds, the rock is more likely to move along the fault than to crack again and create a new fault. 
C)  they are occurring slowly and continuously at a subduction zone. 
D)  they occur at plate interiors. B

Question 3

Earthquakes are detected and measured with a device called a/an _____________.

Accepted Answer

seismograph

Question 4

P waves and S waves:

Accepted Answer

A)  move along the Earth's surface only. 
B)  travel through Earth's interior. 
C)  do not reflect and refract at boundaries. 
D)  have very high amplitudes compared to surface waves. 
A)  move along the Earth's surface only. 
B)  travel through Earth's interior. 
C)  do not reflect and refract at boundaries. 
D)  have very high amplitudes compared to surface waves.

Question 5

A/an __________ is a sea wave generated by an underwater earthquake.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A/an __________ is a sea wave generated...

Question 6

The moment magnitude scale:

Accepted Answer

A)  is based on the highest peak recorded on a specific type of seismograph. 
B)  can be used to locate the earthquake epicenter. 
C)  is an accurate indicator of the energy released during an earthquake. 
D)  is measured by recording the amount of structural damage in an area. 
A)  is based on the highest peak recorded on a specific type of seismograph. 
B)  can be used to locate the earthquake epicenter. 
C)  is an accurate indicator of the energy released during an earthquake. 
D)  is measured by recording the amount of structural damage in an area.

Question 7

When energy from stress is used to deform rock and give it a permanent new shape, such as a fold, this process is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  elastic deformation. 
B)  fracture. 
C)  plastic deformation. 
D)  slippage. 
A)  elastic deformation. 
B)  fracture. 
C)  plastic deformation. 
D)  slippage.

Question 8

Earthquakes occur along the Mid-Oceanic Ridge because:

Accepted Answer

A)  blocks of oceanic crust drop downward as the rift valley opens. 
B)  two plates slip horizontally past one another. 
C)  the subducting plate scrapes along the lower crust. 
D)  large submarine landslides occur on the landward edge of the subduction zone. 
A)  blocks of oceanic crust drop downward as the rift valley opens. 
B)  two plates slip horizontally past one another. 
C)  the subducting plate scrapes along the lower crust. 
D)  large submarine landslides occur on the landward edge of the subduction zone.

Question 9

The __________ scale measures the total amount of energy released during an earthquake, based on the amount of movement and the fault surface area.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mercalli 
B)  Roncalli 
C)  Richter 
D)  moment magnitude 
A)  Mercalli 
B)  Roncalli 
C)  Richter 
D)  moment magnitude

Question 10

A rock that has deformed __________ under stress keeps its new shape when the stress is released.

Accepted Answer

A)  elastically 
B)  non-permanently 
C)  plastically 
D)  flexibly 
A)  elastically 
B)  non-permanently 
C)  plastically 
D)  flexibly

Question 11

__________ is the study of earthquakes and the nature of Earth's interior based on elastic waves traveling through rock, produced by an earthquake.

Accepted Answer

A)  Seismology 
B)  Cosmology 
C)  Seismicity 
D)  Ecology 
A)  Seismology 
B)  Cosmology 
C)  Seismicity 
D)  Ecology

Question 12

Surface waves radiate from the __________ along the Earth's surface.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Surface waves radiate from the __________ along...

Question 13

The San Andreas Fault zone is an example of a/an:

Accepted Answer

A)  earthquake zone at a transform plate boundary. 
B)  Benioff zone. 
C)  earthquake zone at a subduction plate boundary. 
D)  earthquake at a divergent plate boundary. 
A)  earthquake zone at a transform plate boundary. 
B)  Benioff zone. 
C)  earthquake zone at a subduction plate boundary. 
D)  earthquake at a divergent plate boundary.

Question 14

The boundary between the crust and the mantle is called the __________ __________.

Accepted Answer

Mohorovici

Question 15

P and S waves travel through all types of material.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Where two tectonic plates move past one another, rock near the plate boundary can stretch or compress elastically for decades, and then fracture suddenly and create an earthquake.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

During the process of __________, soil loses its shear strength and becomes a fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)  liquefaction 
B)  liquidation 
C)  subduction 
D)  fault creeping 
A)  liquefaction 
B)  liquidation 
C)  subduction 
D)  fault creeping

Question 18

P and S waves travel more rapidly in the crust than they do in the mantle below the asthenosphere.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

When a wave passes from one medium into another, it refracts and sometimes __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a wave passes from one medium...

Question 20

The earthquakes caused when a subducting plate sinks into the mantle:

Accepted Answer

A)  concentrate along the upper portion of the sinking plate. 
B)  concentrate in the asthenosphere adjacent to the sinking plate. 
C)  are very shallow earthquakes. 
D)  occur only at the same time as volcanic eruptions. 
A)  concentrate along the upper portion of the sinking plate. 
B)  concentrate in the asthenosphere adjacent to the sinking plate. 
C)  are very shallow earthquakes. 
D)  occur only at the same time as volcanic eruptions.

Exam 7: Earthquakes and the Earths Structure

__________ are small earthquakes that precede a large quake by an interval ranging from a few seconds to a few weeks.

Earthquakes occur repeatedly along established faults because:

Earthquakes are detected and measured with a device called a/an _____________.

P waves and S waves:

A/an __________ is a sea wave generated by an underwater earthquake.

The moment magnitude scale:

When energy from stress is used to deform rock and give it a permanent new shape, such as a fold, this process is called:

Earthquakes occur along the Mid-Oceanic Ridge because:

The __________ scale measures the total amount of energy released during an earthquake, based on the amount of movement and the fault surface area.

A rock that has deformed __________ under stress keeps its new shape when the stress is released.

__________ is the study of earthquakes and the nature of Earth's interior based on elastic waves traveling through rock, produced by an earthquake.

Surface waves radiate from the __________ along the Earth's surface.

The San Andreas Fault zone is an example of a/an:

The boundary between the crust and the mantle is called the __________ __________.

P and S waves travel through all types of material.

Where two tectonic plates move past one another, rock near the plate boundary can stretch or compress elastically for decades, and then fracture suddenly and create an earthquake.

During the process of __________, soil loses its shear strength and becomes a fluid.

P and S waves travel more rapidly in the crust than they do in the mantle below the asthenosphere.

When a wave passes from one medium into another, it refracts and sometimes __________.

The earthquakes caused when a subducting plate sinks into the mantle:

Earth Systems

Minerals

Rocks

Geologic Time: a Story in the Rocks

Geologic Resources

The Active Earth: Plate Tectonics

Volcanoes and Plutons

Mountains

Weathering, Soil, and Erosion

Fresh Water: Streams, Lakes, Ground Water, and Wetlands

Water Resources

Glaciers and Ice Ages

Deserts and Wind

Ocean Basins

Oceans and Coastlines

The Atmosphere

Energy Balance in the Atmosphere

Moisture, Clouds, and Weather

Climate

Climate Change

Motions in the Heavens

Planets and Their Moons

Stars, Space, and Galaxies

Filters

The boundary between the crust and the mantle is called the .