Question 1

________ is our expectations about whether we will succeed in (and attempt)new challenges.

Accepted Answer

A)  The self 
B)  Reciprocal determinism 
C)  The spotlight effect 
D)  Self-efficacy 
A)  The self 
B)  Reciprocal determinism 
C)  The spotlight effect 
D)  Self-efficacy

Question 2

Adam was involved in a "fender bender" because he failed to stop at stop sign.Afterward,he thought to himself."Why didn't the other driver look to see that I was crossing the intersection?" Adam's thinking best illustrated the dangers of

Accepted Answer

A)  low self-efficacy. 
B)  defensive self-esteem. 
C)  the spotlight effect. 
D)  the self-serving bias. 
A)  low self-efficacy. 
B)  defensive self-esteem. 
C)  the spotlight effect. 
D)  the self-serving bias.

Question 3

Athletes often privately attribute their losses to bad officiating.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  secure self-esteem. 
B)  the spotlight effect. 
C)  self-serving bias. 
D)  free association. 
A)  secure self-esteem. 
B)  the spotlight effect. 
C)  self-serving bias. 
D)  free association.

Question 4

When people accept more responsibility for good deeds that for bad ones,they are engaging in

Accepted Answer

A)  self-serving bias. 
B)  possible self-evaluation. 
C)  excessive optimism. 
D)  low self-esteem. 
A)  self-serving bias. 
B)  possible self-evaluation. 
C)  excessive optimism. 
D)  low self-esteem.

Question 5

Theresa is thinking about what she would like to do with her life.She would like to be financially stable,successful at her career,and in a happy,satisfying relationship.She would like to make sure that she does not have extremely limited income,experience divorce,or be in a job that she does not like.Theresa is pondering

Accepted Answer

A)  her possible selves. 
B)  the spotlight effect. 
C)  her self-efficacy. 
D)  a self-serving bias. 
A)  her possible selves. 
B)  the spotlight effect. 
C)  her self-efficacy. 
D)  a self-serving bias.

Question 6

According to Albert Bandura,the interacting influences of behavior,internal personal factors,and environment illustrate

Accepted Answer

A)  self-actualization. 
B)  free association. 
C)  reciprocal determinism. 
D)  the spotlight effect. 
A)  self-actualization. 
B)  free association. 
C)  reciprocal determinism. 
D)  the spotlight effect.

Question 7

Psychologist Jean Twenge refers to today's new generation as Generation Me because it expresses high levels of

Accepted Answer

A)  reciprocal determinism. 
B)  narcissism. 
C)  free association. 
D)  unconditional positive regard. 
A)  reciprocal determinism. 
B)  narcissism. 
C)  free association. 
D)  unconditional positive regard.

Question 8

Which of the following is most likely to be associated with high self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  the spotlight effect 
B)  self-serving bias 
C)  free association 
D)  reciprocal determinism 
A)  the spotlight effect 
B)  self-serving bias 
C)  free association 
D)  reciprocal determinism

Question 9

Middle school students whose families struggle financially are more likely to earn high grades if they have a clear vision of themselves succeeding in school.This best illustrates the motivational significance of

Accepted Answer

A)  possible selves. 
B)  unconditional positive regard. 
C)  the spotlight effect. 
D)  the psychodynamic perspective. 
A)  possible selves. 
B)  unconditional positive regard. 
C)  the spotlight effect. 
D)  the psychodynamic perspective.

Question 10

Which perspective most clearly emphasizes that our personalities help create the situations to which we react?

Accepted Answer

A)  the psychoanalytic perspective 
B)  the social-cognitive perspective 
C)  the humanistic perspective 
D)  the trait perspective 
A)  the psychoanalytic perspective 
B)  the social-cognitive perspective 
C)  the humanistic perspective 
D)  the trait perspective

Question 11

If you're a junior doctor and want to predict how well you will do on a surgical skills exam,you would be best advised to

Accepted Answer

A)  ask your professional peers for their candid predictions of your exam performance. 
B)  complete a projective test that will predict your exam performance. 
C)  simply make your own personal prediction of your exam performance. 
D)  complete a personality inventory which assesses your standing on the Big Five traits. 
A)  ask your professional peers for their candid predictions of your exam performance. 
B)  complete a projective test that will predict your exam performance. 
C)  simply make your own personal prediction of your exam performance. 
D)  complete a personality inventory which assesses your standing on the Big Five traits.

Question 12

Research on self-perception indicates that most people

Accepted Answer

A)  feel more personally responsible for their failures than for their successes. 
B)  view themselves very favorably in comparison to most others. 
C)  underestimate the accuracy of their beliefs and judgments. 
D)  are unrealistically pessimistic about their personal future. 
A)  feel more personally responsible for their failures than for their successes. 
B)  view themselves very favorably in comparison to most others. 
C)  underestimate the accuracy of their beliefs and judgments. 
D)  are unrealistically pessimistic about their personal future.

Question 13

In one experiment,participants put on a Barry Manilow T-shirt before entering a room with other students.Their tendency to overestimate the extent to which the other students would notice their unusual T-shirt best illustrated

Accepted Answer

A)  narcissism. 
B)  reciprocal determinism. 
C)  unconditional positive regard. 
D)  the spotlight effect. 
A)  narcissism. 
B)  reciprocal determinism. 
C)  unconditional positive regard. 
D)  the spotlight effect.

Question 14

Narcissism is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  less gambling and less cheating. 
B)  less gambling and more cheating. 
C)  more gambling and less cheating. 
D)  more gambling and more cheating. 
A)  less gambling and less cheating. 
B)  less gambling and more cheating. 
C)  more gambling and less cheating. 
D)  more gambling and more cheating.

Question 15

Maddie is a personality theorist who believes that our individual traits and thoughts interact with our social world as we move from one situation to another.Maddie is most likely to agree with which of the following perspectives on personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  social-cognitive perspective 
B)  behavioral genetic perspective 
C)  psychodynamic perspective 
D)  psychoanalytic perspective 
A)  social-cognitive perspective 
B)  behavioral genetic perspective 
C)  psychodynamic perspective 
D)  psychoanalytic perspective

Question 16

People who are more likely to avoid romantic commitments

Accepted Answer

A)  have a sense of self-efficacy. 
B)  are narcissistic. 
C)  are empathic. 
D)  experience the spotlight effect. 
A)  have a sense of self-efficacy. 
B)  are narcissistic. 
C)  are empathic. 
D)  experience the spotlight effect.

Question 17

According to social-cognitive theories,the best predictor of students' academic success in college would be their

Accepted Answer

A)  college entrance test scores. 
B)  high school grade-point average. 
C)  levels of self-esteem. 
D)  relative standing on the Big Five. 
A)  college entrance test scores. 
B)  high school grade-point average. 
C)  levels of self-esteem. 
D)  relative standing on the Big Five.

Question 18

A person who experiences defensive self-esteem is ________ to demonstrate self-serving bias and is ________ to feel angry when criticized.

Accepted Answer

A)  unlikely;likely 
B)  likely;unlikely 
C)  unlikely;unlikely 
D)  likely;likely 
A)  unlikely;likely 
B)  likely;unlikely 
C)  unlikely;unlikely 
D)  likely;likely

Question 19

Social-cognitive theorists would suggest that the best way to predict a political candidate's performance effectiveness after election is to assess that individual's

Accepted Answer

A)  self-esteem. 
B)  specific political goals for the future. 
C)  general feelings of optimism about the future. 
D)  past performance in situations involving similar responsibilities. 
A)  self-esteem. 
B)  specific political goals for the future. 
C)  general feelings of optimism about the future. 
D)  past performance in situations involving similar responsibilities.

Question 20

If we are nervous about our personal appearance after adopting a new hairstyle,we are likely to ________ the extent to which others notice our nervousness and we are likely to ________ the extent to which they notice our new hairstyle.

Accepted Answer

A)  overestimate;underestimate 
B)  underestimate;overestimate 
C)  overestimate;overestimate 
D)  underestimate;underestimate 
A)  overestimate;underestimate 
B)  underestimate;overestimate 
C)  overestimate;overestimate 
D)  underestimate;underestimate

Exam 47: Introduction to Psychological Disorders

________ is our expectations about whether we will succeed in (and attempt)new challenges.

Adam was involved in a "fender bender" because he failed to stop at stop sign.Afterward,he thought to himself."Why didn't the other driver look to see that I was crossing the intersection?" Adam's thinking best illustrated the dangers of

Athletes often privately attribute their losses to bad officiating.This best illustrates

When people accept more responsibility for good deeds that for bad ones,they are engaging in

According to Albert Bandura,the interacting influences of behavior,internal personal factors,and environment illustrate

Psychologist Jean Twenge refers to today's new generation as Generation Me because it expresses high levels of

Which of the following is most likely to be associated with high self-esteem?

Middle school students whose families struggle financially are more likely to earn high grades if they have a clear vision of themselves succeeding in school.This best illustrates the motivational significance of

Which perspective most clearly emphasizes that our personalities help create the situations to which we react?

If you're a junior doctor and want to predict how well you will do on a surgical skills exam,you would be best advised to

Research on self-perception indicates that most people

In one experiment,participants put on a Barry Manilow T-shirt before entering a room with other students.Their tendency to overestimate the extent to which the other students would notice their unusual T-shirt best illustrated

Narcissism is associated with

Maddie is a personality theorist who believes that our individual traits and thoughts interact with our social world as we move from one situation to another.Maddie is most likely to agree with which of the following perspectives on personality?

People who are more likely to avoid romantic commitments

According to social-cognitive theories,the best predictor of students' academic success in college would be their

A person who experiences defensive self-esteem is ________ to demonstrate self-serving bias and is ________ to feel angry when criticized.

Social-cognitive theorists would suggest that the best way to predict a political candidate's performance effectiveness after election is to assess that individual's

If we are nervous about our personal appearance after adopting a new hairstyle,we are likely to ________ the extent to which others notice our nervousness and we are likely to ________ the extent to which they notice our new hairstyle.

The History and Scope of Psychology

Thinking Critically with Psychological Science

Research Strategies: How Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions

Neural and Hormonal Systems

The Brain

Behavior Genetics and Evolutionary Psychology

Environmental Influences on Behavior, and Reflections on Nature and Nurture

Prenatal Development and the Newborn

Infancy and Childhood

Adolescence

Adulthood, and Reflections on Developmental Issues

Introduction to Sensation and Perception

Vision

Hearing

Other Senses

Perceptual Organization

Perceptual Interpretation

Waking and Sleeping Rhythms

Hypnosis

Drugs and Consciousness

Classical Conditioning

Operant Conditioning

Learning by Observation

Introduction to Memory

Encoding: Getting Information In

Storage: Retaining Information

Retrieval: Getting Information Out

Forgetting, Memory Construction, and Applying Memory Principles to Your Own Education

Thinking

Language and Thought

Introduction to Intelligence

Assessing Intelligence

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence

Introduction to Motivation

Hunger

Sexual Motivation and the Need to Belong

Motivation at Work

Introduction to Emotion

Experienced Emotion

Expressed Emotion

Stress and Illness

Coping With Stress

Modifying Illness-Related Behaviors

Psychoanalytic Perspective

Humanistic Perspective

Contemporary Research on Personality

Anxiety Disorders

Dissociative and Personality Disorders

Mood Disorders

Schizophrenia

The Psychological Therapies

Evaluating Psychotherapies

The Biomedical Therapies

Social Thinking

Appendix

Filters

A person who experiences defensive self-esteem is to demonstrate self-serving bias and is to feel angry when criticized.

If we are nervous about our personal appearance after adopting a new hairstyle,we are likely to the extent to which others notice our nervousness and we are likely to the extent to which they notice our new hairstyle.