Question 1

The statements "I failed the quiz because I was tired" and "She failed the quiz because she is dumb" are examples of:

Accepted Answer

A)  actor/observer discrepancy. 
B)  self-serving bias. 
C)  situational attributions. 
D)  personal attributions. 
A)  actor/observer discrepancy. 
B)  self-serving bias. 
C)  situational attributions. 
D)  personal attributions.

Question 2

As designed by Aronson,in a jigsaw classroom,students:

Accepted Answer

A)  form new ingroups to break barriers between existing outgroups. 
B)  compete with ingroup members and cooperate with outgroup members. 
C)  study the customs of the members of their outgroups. 
D)  must cooperate with both ingroup and outgroup members. 
A)  form new ingroups to break barriers between existing outgroups. 
B)  compete with ingroup members and cooperate with outgroup members. 
C)  study the customs of the members of their outgroups. 
D)  must cooperate with both ingroup and outgroup members.

Question 3

When Saqui breaks up with her boyfriend,her best friend Bradan asks her to go out with him.At the same time,she meets another fascinating man who also asks her out.Bradan and the new man each have different attractive qualities.After deciding to date the new guy,Saqui finds that she no longer likes Bradan.Even though he wants to continue their friendship,she keeps finding more things to dislike about him.Saqui is experiencing:

Accepted Answer

A)  mere-exposure. 
B)  attributional bias. 
C)  postdecisional dissonance. 
D)  emergence of an implicit attitude. 
A)  mere-exposure. 
B)  attributional bias. 
C)  postdecisional dissonance. 
D)  emergence of an implicit attitude.

Question 4

The United States has been involved in a series of wars,from Korea through Iraq,in which a large majority of the people concluded that the war had been a mistake,whereas the leaders who sent the country to war became ever more convinced of its necessity.Regardless of the actual merits of the war,what psychological concept could help explain the tenacity of the leaders?

Accepted Answer

A)  bystander apathy 
B)  postdecisional dissonance 
C)  frustration-aggression hypothesis 
D)  social facilitation 
A)  bystander apathy 
B)  postdecisional dissonance 
C)  frustration-aggression hypothesis 
D)  social facilitation

Question 5

Even though Jacqueline attended a very expensive boarding school,she passionately believes that money and social class are irrelevant to how interesting or valuable a person is.At the first party in her college dorm,Jacqueline,without even realizing it,spends time with only the women who are very well dressed.Jacqueline's belief in social equality is a(n)________ attitude,and her choice of people with whom to talk reflects a(n)________ attitude.

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit; explicit 
B)  explicit; implicit 
C)  more accessible; less accessible 
D)  less accessible; more accessible 
A)  implicit; explicit 
B)  explicit; implicit 
C)  more accessible; less accessible 
D)  less accessible; more accessible

Question 6

Cultural fads,like Americans wearing leg warmers in the 1980s or flannel shirts in the 1990s,are often followed because people want to fit in and go along with the crowd.This type of conformity is known as ________ influence.

Accepted Answer

A)  informational 
B)  normative 
C)  customary 
D)  deviant 
A)  informational 
B)  normative 
C)  customary 
D)  deviant

Question 7

In a study,participants were shown 30-second clips of two candidates in a past election with which they were not familiar.Each participant was asked to determine which candidate had won that election.How accurate do you think the participants were at predicting the winner of the election and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  accurate; a brief slice of behavior provides significant information 
B)  not accurate; 30 seconds would not provide as much information as voters had 
C)  accurate; all that matters is attractiveness,which can be quickly assessed 
D)  not accurate; the clip would need to be framed in the context of the election 
A)  accurate; a brief slice of behavior provides significant information 
B)  not accurate; 30 seconds would not provide as much information as voters had 
C)  accurate; all that matters is attractiveness,which can be quickly assessed 
D)  not accurate; the clip would need to be framed in the context of the election

Question 8

In the medical field,interns and residents are required to work such long shifts that they are perpetually exhausted and do not function optimally.Dissonance theory would suggest that a possible motivation for this policy is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  prepare them to work under highly stressful conditions. 
B)  test their dedication to becoming doctors. 
C)  increase the value they place on being doctors. 
D)  identify those who are too prone to making mistakes under pressure. 
A)  prepare them to work under highly stressful conditions. 
B)  test their dedication to becoming doctors. 
C)  increase the value they place on being doctors. 
D)  identify those who are too prone to making mistakes under pressure.

Question 9

According to the concept of reciprocal helping,altruism is adaptive because it increases the person's:

Accepted Answer

A)  potential value as a mate. 
B)  status within the group. 
C)  capability as a parent. 
D)  probability of survival. 
A)  potential value as a mate. 
B)  status within the group. 
C)  capability as a parent. 
D)  probability of survival.

Question 10

Differentiate between a persuader who would use the central versus peripheral routes to attitude change.

Accepted Answer

A)  A persuader using the central route would focus on cognitive elaboration. 
B)  A persuader using the central route would focus on surface-level cues. 
C)  A persuader using the peripheral route would use thoughtful arguments. 
D)  A persuader using the peripheral route would be concerned about the receiver processing the message. 
A)  A persuader using the central route would focus on cognitive elaboration. 
B)  A persuader using the central route would focus on surface-level cues. 
C)  A persuader using the peripheral route would use thoughtful arguments. 
D)  A persuader using the peripheral route would be concerned about the receiver processing the message.

Question 11

Self-esteem is one's attitude of:

Accepted Answer

A)  others. 
B)  events. 
C)  ideas. 
D)  the self. 
A)  others. 
B)  events. 
C)  ideas. 
D)  the self.

Question 12

Decreased activity in the medial prefrontal cortex can help to explain inhumane acts,like genocide and the Holocaust.Which of the following reasons would explain why decreased activity in this brain region leads to such terrible occurrences?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is associated with dehumanizing ingroup members. 
B)  It is associated with dehumanizing outgroup members. 
C)  It increases aggression toward outgroup members. 
D)  It increases aggression toward ingroup members. 
A)  It is associated with dehumanizing ingroup members. 
B)  It is associated with dehumanizing outgroup members. 
C)  It increases aggression toward outgroup members. 
D)  It increases aggression toward ingroup members.

Question 13

The notion of kin selection argues that we are:

Accepted Answer

A)  altruistic to people who give evidence of the best genes. 
B)  most altruistic toward those who share our genes. 
C)  most altruistic to relatives because we expect reciprocity. 
D)  altruistic to our kin group to avoid being ostracized. 
A)  altruistic to people who give evidence of the best genes. 
B)  most altruistic toward those who share our genes. 
C)  most altruistic to relatives because we expect reciprocity. 
D)  altruistic to our kin group to avoid being ostracized.

Question 14

In making attributions about the behavior of people around them,people from Western cultures tend to use ________ factors and people from Eastern cultures tend to use ________ factors.

Accepted Answer

A)  personal; personal and situational 
B)  personal and situational; personal 
C)  situational; personal and situational 
D)  personal and situational; situational 
A)  personal; personal and situational 
B)  personal and situational; personal 
C)  situational; personal and situational 
D)  personal and situational; situational

Question 15

The actor/observer effect is most likely to occur in the case of a negative event.This is due to the ________ bias.

Accepted Answer

A)  correspondence 
B)  self-serving 
C)  just-world 
D)  personal 
A)  correspondence 
B)  self-serving 
C)  just-world 
D)  personal

Question 16

Evolutionary theories of partner selection claim that males should seek out partners who are ________ as a means of ensuring genetic fitness.

Accepted Answer

A)  dominant 
B)  wealthy 
C)  sincere 
D)  attractive 
A)  dominant 
B)  wealthy 
C)  sincere 
D)  attractive

Question 17

Controversies have arisen about policies needed to handle illegal immigration.The claim has been made that many people who say they have no objection to immigration from Mexico so long as it is legal are really showing a bias against Mexican Americans.The best way to test this claim avoiding social desirability bias would be to have people who hold the belief that they object to illegal immigration but are not prejudiced against Mexican Americans take:

Accepted Answer

A)  a lie detector test. 
B)  a long attitude questionnaire. 
C)  the Implicit Association Test. 
D)  the Thematic Apperception Test. 
A)  a lie detector test. 
B)  a long attitude questionnaire. 
C)  the Implicit Association Test. 
D)  the Thematic Apperception Test.

Question 18

When Lisa is denied employment because of her weight,this incident is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  prejudice. 
B)  discrimination. 
C)  ingroup/outgroup bias. 
D)  self-fulfilling prophecy. 
A)  prejudice. 
B)  discrimination. 
C)  ingroup/outgroup bias. 
D)  self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 19

People generally look for admirable personality characteristics in their ________ and physical attractiveness in their ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  friends; friends 
B)  friends; lovers 
C)  friends and lovers; lovers 
D)  friends and lovers; friends and lovers 
A)  friends; friends 
B)  friends; lovers 
C)  friends and lovers; lovers 
D)  friends and lovers; friends and lovers

Question 20

One of the reasons that jigsaw classrooms work so well is because they:

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease social loafing by making each student responsible for some component of a project. 
B)  decrease social loafing by pooling students' anonymous efforts on all components of a project. 
C)  increase social loafing by making each student responsible for some component of a project. 
D)  increase social loafing by pooling students' anonymous efforts on all components of a project. 
A)  decrease social loafing by making each student responsible for some component of a project. 
B)  decrease social loafing by pooling students' anonymous efforts on all components of a project. 
C)  increase social loafing by making each student responsible for some component of a project. 
D)  increase social loafing by pooling students' anonymous efforts on all components of a project.

The statements "I failed the quiz because I was tired" and "She failed the quiz because she is dumb" are examples of:

As designed by Aronson,in a jigsaw classroom,students:

Cultural fads,like Americans wearing leg warmers in the 1980s or flannel shirts in the 1990s,are often followed because people want to fit in and go along with the crowd.This type of conformity is known as ________ influence.

In a study,participants were shown 30-second clips of two candidates in a past election with which they were not familiar.Each participant was asked to determine which candidate had won that election.How accurate do you think the participants were at predicting the winner of the election and why?

In the medical field,interns and residents are required to work such long shifts that they are perpetually exhausted and do not function optimally.Dissonance theory would suggest that a possible motivation for this policy is to:

According to the concept of reciprocal helping,altruism is adaptive because it increases the person's:

Differentiate between a persuader who would use the central versus peripheral routes to attitude change.

Self-esteem is one's attitude of:

Decreased activity in the medial prefrontal cortex can help to explain inhumane acts,like genocide and the Holocaust.Which of the following reasons would explain why decreased activity in this brain region leads to such terrible occurrences?

The notion of kin selection argues that we are:

In making attributions about the behavior of people around them,people from Western cultures tend to use factors and people from Eastern cultures tend to use factors.

The actor/observer effect is most likely to occur in the case of a negative event.This is due to the ________ bias.

Evolutionary theories of partner selection claim that males should seek out partners who are ________ as a means of ensuring genetic fitness.

When Lisa is denied employment because of her weight,this incident is an example of:

People generally look for admirable personality characteristics in their and physical attractiveness in their .

One of the reasons that jigsaw classrooms work so well is because they:

The Science of Psychology

Research Methodology

Biology and Behavior

Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

Health and Well-Being

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

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Exam 12: Social Psychology

The statements "I failed the quiz because I was tired" and "She failed the quiz because she is dumb" are examples of:

As designed by Aronson,in a jigsaw classroom,students:

Cultural fads,like Americans wearing leg warmers in the 1980s or flannel shirts in the 1990s,are often followed because people want to fit in and go along with the crowd.This type of conformity is known as ________ influence.

In a study,participants were shown 30-second clips of two candidates in a past election with which they were not familiar.Each participant was asked to determine which candidate had won that election.How accurate do you think the participants were at predicting the winner of the election and why?

In the medical field,interns and residents are required to work such long shifts that they are perpetually exhausted and do not function optimally.Dissonance theory would suggest that a possible motivation for this policy is to:

According to the concept of reciprocal helping,altruism is adaptive because it increases the person's:

Differentiate between a persuader who would use the central versus peripheral routes to attitude change.

Self-esteem is one's attitude of:

Decreased activity in the medial prefrontal cortex can help to explain inhumane acts,like genocide and the Holocaust.Which of the following reasons would explain why decreased activity in this brain region leads to such terrible occurrences?

The notion of kin selection argues that we are:

In making attributions about the behavior of people around them,people from Western cultures tend to use ________ factors and people from Eastern cultures tend to use ________ factors.

The actor/observer effect is most likely to occur in the case of a negative event.This is due to the ________ bias.

Evolutionary theories of partner selection claim that males should seek out partners who are ________ as a means of ensuring genetic fitness.

When Lisa is denied employment because of her weight,this incident is an example of:

People generally look for admirable personality characteristics in their ________ and physical attractiveness in their ________.

One of the reasons that jigsaw classrooms work so well is because they:

The Science of Psychology

Research Methodology

Biology and Behavior

Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

Health and Well-Being

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

In making attributions about the behavior of people around them,people from Western cultures tend to use factors and people from Eastern cultures tend to use factors.

People generally look for admirable personality characteristics in their and physical attractiveness in their .