Exam 18: Fluid,Electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balances

The nurse is caring for an 84-year-old patient who gets hemodialysis 3 days a week.He is taking corticosteroids and has multiple bruises on his extremities.The patient needs an IV started.When starting the IV,the nurse should:

A 7-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital with a high fever.The nurse caring for the child knows that the child has increased insensible water loss resulting from the fever and should receive additional water to prevent hypernatremia.Insensible water loss occurs through which organ?

A 15-year-old patient suffered a head injury as the result of a bicycle accident.The nurse is concerned about potential fluid complications caused by the injury.What should the nurse monitor most closely?

Yesterday morning the patient weighed 169.4 lb (77 kg).This morning the patient weighs 171.6 lb (78 kg).The nurse determines that the patient has gained _____ liter(s)of fluid.

The nurse works on the cardiac unit of a hospital.The health care provider has ordered 20 mEq of KCl per L to be added to the fluids that the patient is receiving.The patient currently has a bag of D?W IV fluid infusing.Which action is most appropriate?

A college freshman has bulimia.She vomits after eating and has recently noticed tingling of her fingers and toes and muscle cramps.Her roommate is a nursing student and is concerned about which imbalance?

The patient is in a coma after a motor vehicle accident.In addition to IV medications,the patient is receiving an isotonic IV fluid.The primary purpose for this fluid infusion is to:

Two nursing students were having pizza one evening as they were studying.One student remarked that whenever she ate pizza,she was incredibly thirsty.The second student explained that this thirst was caused by:

A 76-year-old patient is hospitalized with pneumonia and has become increasingly confused throughout the shift.The nurse becomes concerned about the patient's condition and contacts the health care provider,who orders arterial blood gas analysis.The blood gas report shows a pH of 7.33,PaCO? of 47,PaO? of 78,and bicarbonate of 26.This indicates which imbalance?

A 15-year-old adolescent has been recently diagnosed with cancer.The patient will be receiving IV chemotherapy for several weeks.Which vascular access device should be used for short-term administration of his IV fluid?

Which patient has the greatest risk for ECV deficit?

A nurse is mentoring a new nurse who is learning to start IVs.The nurse tells the new nurse that in case the patient needs subsequent venipuncture sites,the best place to initially start an IV is the: