Exam 18: Fluid,Electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balances

When a nurse is selecting a vein for IV placement,what is the most appropriate action?

A patient complains of chills,dizziness,and feeling hot during a blood transfusion.What are the nurse's most appropriate actions? (Select all that apply.)

A patient's arterial blood gas levels indicate a pH of 7.51,PaCO? of 40 mm Hg,PaO? of 85 mm Hg,and HCO? of 32 mEq/L.The patient has been vomiting.The nurse knows the patient has which imbalance?

A patient has a peripheral IV.The nurse should assess the IV site for what primary signs and symptoms of infiltration? (Select all that apply.)

A patient presents to the emergency department complaining of increased urine output.The patient has been drinking alcohol and is still visibly impaired.He is aware of his condition and apologizes,stating that he has never gotten drunk before and if he survives he never will again,but he knows that if he drinks too much he will lose potassium and die.The nurse realizes that the patient is dealing with:

A nurse is caring for a patient who is suffering from kidney failure and is receiving peritoneal dialysis.The nurse explains that peritoneal dialysis works by instilling a solution into the abdomen that contains dextrose that will pull extra fluid into the abdominal cavity.What is the name of this process?

A patient has been admitted to the postsurgical nursing unit after surgery.The health care provider has ordered the patient to have an IV of 0.9% sodium chloride.The nurse who is caring for the patient recognizes this as what type of solution?

A patient has heart failure.The patient's medications include an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)inhibitor,a beta blocker,and a diuretic.To keep the patient safe,the nurse should:

During a clinical rotation at an orthopedic unit,a nursing student is caring for a 67-year-old patient who has undergone a knee replacement.The patient is complaining of pain at the IV site.The nursing student assesses the site and finds that the site is cool and pale.The student stops the IV and reports the situation to the nurse.What does the nursing student suspect?

Which measurement can the nurse delegate to nursing assistive personnel?

The patient is taking furosemide (Lasix)and has been complaining of muscle weakness.The nurse should be most concerned about which imbalance?

A patient has recently been diagnosed with heart failure and has been put on a low sodium diet in the hospital.In addition,the patient has a fluid restriction.The nurse should suggest that half the total oral fluid allotment occur between which two times?

The body's fluid and electrolyte balance is maintained partially by hormonal regulation.The nurse conveys an understanding of this mechanism in which statement?

The nurse suspects that the patient is experiencing a blood transfusion reaction.The nurse stops the infusion but is concerned about losing the IV line if blood clots in the catheter.The nurse should:

A nurse is caring for a patient after a bowel resection.The nurse plans assessment based on the knowledge that body fluids maintain balance through homeostasis,which includes what processes? (Select all that apply.)

A 27-year-old patient has seen a health care provider at the local clinic because he has had diarrhea for the past week.The health care provider instructed the patient to drink plenty of fluids,and the nurse clarifies these instructions by advising him to avoid which item as long as he has diarrhea?

The patient is unable to eat and there are no bowel sounds,indicating that his bowels are not functioning.The best approach to providing nourishment would be:

The nurse is working for a medical unit in a hospital.The nurse is responsible for obtaining intake and output measurements for patients.What items should be considered intake? (Select all that apply.)

A patient is diagnosed with renal insufficiency.The results of an ABG analysis indicate metabolic acidosis.In metabolic acidosis,the nurse would expect the pH to decrease to less than _____ and the bicarbonate level to decrease to less than _____.

The patient is on a ventilator.The health care provider has indicated concern about the patient's acid-base status.The nurse anticipates that the health care provider will determine the acid-base levels via: