Exam 4: Learning

Learning is ______.

Sue noticed that whenever she opened the door to the pantry,her dog would come into the kitchen and act hungry by drooling and whining.She thought that because the dog food was stored in the pantry,the sound of the door had become a(n)______.

John's heart has been conditioned to beat rapidly whenever he smells Windsong perfume on a woman.However,John's heart also races when he smells Chanel #5 and other perfumes.This illustrates:

In the experiment with Little Albert,the unconditioned response was _______.

On a fixed-interval schedule,reinforcement is given ________.

Pavlov placed meat powder in the mouths of the dogs,and they began to salivate.Pavlov's student noticed that after a few days the dogs began to salivate at the sound of the student's footsteps.The salivation to the sound of the Footsteps was a _______.

At the National Zoological Park in Washington,D.C.,a polar bear suffered a broken tooth,and keepers needed a safe way of treating the problem.The bear was rewarded first for sticking its nose through a slot in the cage door,then for allowing a keeper to lift its lip and touch its teeth.Finally,a veterinarian was able to treat the damaged tooth while the bear waited placidly for its familiar reward.This is an example of _______.

In an experiment,two groups of dogs are given shocks to their feet.One group is able to escape the shocks by jumping over a barrier.The second group is harnessed and cannot escape.After several trials,both groups are put in situations where they CAN escape.The first group escapes the shocks but the second group just sits and whines,refusing to attempt to escape.The response of the second group is due to ___________.

In the "Little Albert" study,the fear-producing stimulus used as a UCS was the ______.

If a rat has learned to press a lever to obtain pellets of food and,all of a sudden,the response permanently ceases to produce any food,then _______ will occur.

A reinforcer that adds something rewarding to a situation is called a(n)__________ reinforcer.

A person is connected to an electroencephalograph,a machine that records the brain's electrical activity.The person is reinforced when his or her pattern of brain waves changes in order to treat a disorder such as epilepsy.This technique is best called _________.

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat,Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented.In this experiment,the presentation of the meat was the:

Jody has had repeated failures at asking guys out on dates.Finally,she gives u

A positive reinforcer is a stimulus that is ________ and thus ________ the probability of a response.

Insight is a concept associated with ________ learning theory.

A farmer is being troubled by coyotes eating his shee

In classical conditioning,one must be sure to pair the:

A child is wetting his or her bed.According to our textbook,punishing the child would be the best way to permanently stop this behavior.You would recommend that the child be given no food on the day after a bedwetting incident.This is because negative punishment is guaranteed to stop bad behaviors.

Which type of learning occurs when we observe how other people act?