Question 1

What we call "grammar" is referred to by linguists as:

Accepted Answer

A)  syntax. 
B)  semantic. 
C)  discourse. 
D)  lexicon. 
A)  syntax. 
B)  semantic. 
C)  discourse. 
D)  lexicon. A

Question 2

Aphasias are most commonly seen following blockage of the _____ cerebral artery.

Accepted Answer

A)  right-posterior 
B)  left-anterior 
C)  left-middle 
D)  right-middle 
A)  right-posterior 
B)  left-anterior 
C)  left-middle 
D)  right-middle C

Question 3

Although nonhuman primates most certainly can communicate orally with each other and with humans (if trained), these utterances seem to lack any significant:

Accepted Answer

A)  syntax. 
B)  semantic aspects. 
C)  emotional overtones. 
D)  reliability from one time to another. 
A)  syntax. 
B)  semantic aspects. 
C)  emotional overtones. 
D)  reliability from one time to another. A

Question 4

The effects of direct electrical stimulation of the cortex on language functions have been confirmed using the noninvasive technique of:

Accepted Answer

A)  transcranial magnetic stimulation. 
B)  functional MRI. 
C)  positron emission tomography. 
D)  electroconvulsive therapy. 
A)  transcranial magnetic stimulation. 
B)  functional MRI. 
C)  positron emission tomography. 
D)  electroconvulsive therapy.

Question 5

Reduced verbal fluency and difficulties in comprehension and production of prosody have been reported following damage to the:

Accepted Answer

A)  right orbitofrontal cortex. 
B)  left orbitofrontal cortex. 
C)  right insular cortex. 
D)  left insular cortex. 
A)  right orbitofrontal cortex. 
B)  left orbitofrontal cortex. 
C)  right insular cortex. 
D)  left insular cortex.

Question 6

According to MacNeilage, the critical ability associated with the development of language in humans involved changes in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  brain, leading to greater visuospatial abilities. 
B)  vocal tract, allowing a greater range of formants. 
C)  brain, leading to a greater range of emotional vocalizations. 
D)  brain, leading to fine motor control and greater articulation. 
A)  brain, leading to greater visuospatial abilities. 
B)  vocal tract, allowing a greater range of formants. 
C)  brain, leading to a greater range of emotional vocalizations. 
D)  brain, leading to fine motor control and greater articulation.

Question 7

The vocal intonation that helps us understand the literal meaning of what people say is termed:

Accepted Answer

A)  prosody. 
B)  semantics. 
C)  syntax. 
D)  discourse. 
A)  prosody. 
B)  semantics. 
C)  syntax. 
D)  discourse.

Question 8

Dronkers and colleagues conclude that apraxia of speech is caused by damage to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Broca's area. 
B)  the insula. 
C)  the cerebellum. 
D)  the frontal lobe. 
A)  Broca's area. 
B)  the insula. 
C)  the cerebellum. 
D)  the frontal lobe.

Question 9

In the view of Kimura and others, much of the cortex devoted to language production in the left hemisphere probably evolved as elaborations of:

Accepted Answer

A)  parietal lobe circuits involved with location of visual stimuli. 
B)  premotor cortex circuits involved in face and hand gestures. 
C)  orbital cortex circuits involved with categorization. 
D)  memory circuits in the temporal lobe. 
A)  parietal lobe circuits involved with location of visual stimuli. 
B)  premotor cortex circuits involved in face and hand gestures. 
C)  orbital cortex circuits involved with categorization. 
D)  memory circuits in the temporal lobe.

Question 10

Several lines of evidence suggest that humans developed spoken language in the last:

Accepted Answer

A)  20 million years. 
B)  200,000 years. 
C)  2 million years. 
D)  30,000 years. 
A)  20 million years. 
B)  200,000 years. 
C)  2 million years. 
D)  30,000 years.

Question 11

The Gardners have used _____ in their research with Washoe, the chimp.

Accepted Answer

A)  keyboard communication 
B)  American sign language 
C)  Pidgin sign language 
D)  keyboard communication, American sign language, and Pidgin sign language 
A)  keyboard communication 
B)  American sign language 
C)  Pidgin sign language 
D)  keyboard communication, American sign language, and Pidgin sign language

Question 12

The model - building approach to understanding the reasons for dyslexia proposes the existence of:

Accepted Answer

A)  a fundamental deficit in attentional processes. 
B)  multiple, interacting subsystems. 
C)  a single hierarchical language pathway for reading. 
D)  multiple, independent subsystems. 
A)  a fundamental deficit in attentional processes. 
B)  multiple, interacting subsystems. 
C)  a single hierarchical language pathway for reading. 
D)  multiple, independent subsystems.

Question 13

The fundamental sounds in a language are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  morphemes. 
B)  lexicals. 
C)  phonemes. 
D)  vowels. 
A)  morphemes. 
B)  lexicals. 
C)  phonemes. 
D)  vowels.

Question 14

Results of imaging studies have led to the conclusion that verb generation is:

Accepted Answer

A)  solely a function of Broca's area. 
B)  solely a function of the temporal cortex. 
C)  associated with activity in both the frontal and temporal cortex. 
D)  mediated by networks in the right hemisphere. 
A)  solely a function of Broca's area. 
B)  solely a function of the temporal cortex. 
C)  associated with activity in both the frontal and temporal cortex. 
D)  mediated by networks in the right hemisphere.

Question 15

Members of the KE family with the mutated form of FOXP2 show impaired performance on tests:

Accepted Answer

A)  of only verbal IQ. 
B)  of only nonverbal IQ. 
C)  of verbal and nonverbal IQ. 
D)  measuring orofacial movements. 
A)  of only verbal IQ. 
B)  of only nonverbal IQ. 
C)  of verbal and nonverbal IQ. 
D)  measuring orofacial movements.

Question 16

According to analyses of language lateralization, the only language function found to be localized strictly in the left hemisphere is:

Accepted Answer

A)  prosody. 
B)  speech perception. 
C)  syntax. 
D)  semantic representations. 
A)  prosody. 
B)  speech perception. 
C)  syntax. 
D)  semantic representations.

Question 17

Studies of the KE family strongly implicate the gene known as _____ in human language ability.

Accepted Answer

A)  FOXP2 
B)  LOXP2 
C)  FOXL2 
D)  FROGP2 
A)  FOXP2 
B)  LOXP2 
C)  FOXL2 
D)  FROGP2

Question 18

Language is a combination of the following four abilities:

Accepted Answer

A)  categorization, mimicry, sequencing behavior, and theory of mind. 
B)  sequencing behavior, categorization, mimicry, and category labeling. 
C)  prosody, sequencing behavior, mimicry, and object recognition. 
D)  object recognition, mimicry, sequencing behavior, and self-awareness. 
A)  categorization, mimicry, sequencing behavior, and theory of mind. 
B)  sequencing behavior, categorization, mimicry, and category labeling. 
C)  prosody, sequencing behavior, mimicry, and object recognition. 
D)  object recognition, mimicry, sequencing behavior, and self-awareness.

Question 19

Changes that have occurred to the human vocal tract through the course of evolution allow humans to produce a wide range of speech sounds known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  formants. 
B)  phonemes. 
C)  morphemes. 
D)  morphants. 
A)  formants. 
B)  phonemes. 
C)  morphemes. 
D)  morphants.

Question 20

Studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation have suggested a close relationship between areas responsible for:

Accepted Answer

A)  language and eye movements. 
B)  language and mouth movements. 
C)  hand movements and mouth movements. 
D)  language and consciousness. 
A)  language and eye movements. 
B)  language and mouth movements. 
C)  hand movements and mouth movements. 
D)  language and consciousness.

Exam 19: Extension: A - Language

What we call "grammar" is referred to by linguists as:

Aphasias are most commonly seen following blockage of the _____ cerebral artery.

Although nonhuman primates most certainly can communicate orally with each other and with humans (if trained), these utterances seem to lack any significant:

The effects of direct electrical stimulation of the cortex on language functions have been confirmed using the noninvasive technique of:

Reduced verbal fluency and difficulties in comprehension and production of prosody have been reported following damage to the:

According to MacNeilage, the critical ability associated with the development of language in humans involved changes in the:

The vocal intonation that helps us understand the literal meaning of what people say is termed:

Dronkers and colleagues conclude that apraxia of speech is caused by damage to:

In the view of Kimura and others, much of the cortex devoted to language production in the left hemisphere probably evolved as elaborations of:

Several lines of evidence suggest that humans developed spoken language in the last:

The Gardners have used _____ in their research with Washoe, the chimp.

The model - building approach to understanding the reasons for dyslexia proposes the existence of:

The fundamental sounds in a language are called:

Results of imaging studies have led to the conclusion that verb generation is:

Members of the KE family with the mutated form of FOXP2 show impaired performance on tests:

According to analyses of language lateralization, the only language function found to be localized strictly in the left hemisphere is:

Studies of the KE family strongly implicate the gene known as _____ in human language ability.

Language is a combination of the following four abilities:

Changes that have occurred to the human vocal tract through the course of evolution allow humans to produce a wide range of speech sounds known as:

Studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation have suggested a close relationship between areas responsible for:

Extension: A - The Development of Neuropsychology

Extension: B - The Development of Neuropsychology

Extension: C - The Development of Neuropsychology

Extension: A - Research on the Origins of the Human Brain and Behavior

Extension: B - Research on the Origins of the Human Brain and Behavior

Extension: C - Research on the Origins of the Human Brain and Behavior

Extension: A - Nervous System Organization

Extension: B - Nervous System Organization

Extension: C - Nervous System Organization

Extension: A - the Structure and Electrical Activity of Neurons

Extension: B - the Structure and Electrical Activity of Neurons

Extension: C - the Structure and Electrical Activity of Neurons

Extension: A - Communication Between Neurons

Extension: B - Communication Between Neurons

Extension: C - Communication Between Neurons

Extension: A - The Influence of Drugs and Hormones on Behavior

Extension: B - The Influence of Drugs and Hormones on Behavior

Extension: C - The Influence of Drugs and Hormones on Behavior

Extension: A - Imaging the Brains Activity

Extension: B - Imaging the Brains Activity

Extension: C - Imaging the Brains Activity

Extension: A - Organization of the Sensory Systems

Extension: B - Organization of the Sensory Systems

Extension: C - Organization of the Sensory Systems

Extension: A - Organization of the Motor System

Extension: B - Organization of the Motor System

Extension: C - Organization of the Motor System

Extension: A - Principles of Neurocortical Function

Extension: B - Principles of Neurocortical Function

Extension: C - Principles of Neurocortical Function

Extension: A - Cerebral Asymmetry

Extension: B - Cerebral Asymmetry

Extension: C - Cerebral Asymmetry

Extension: A - Variations in Cerebral Asymmetry

Extension: B - Variations in Cerebral Asymmetry

Extension: C - Variations in Cerebral Asymmetry

Extension: A - The Occipital Lobes

Extension: B - The Occipital Lobes

Extension: C - The Occipital Lobes

Extension: A - The Parietal Lobes

Extension: B - The Parietal Lobes

Extension: C - The Parietal Lobes

Extension: A - The Temporal Lobes

Extension: B - The Temporal Lobes

Extension: C - The Temporal Lobes

Extension: A - The Frontal Lobes

Extension: B - The Frontal Lobes

Extension: C - The Frontal Lobes

Extension: A - Cortical Networks and Disconnection Syndromes

Extension: B - Cortical Networks and Disconnection Syndromes

Extension: C - Cortical Networks and Disconnection Syndromes

Extension: A - Learning and Memory

Extension: B - Learning and Memory

Extension: C - Learning and Memory

Extension: B - Language

Extension: C - Language

Extension: A - Emotion and the Social Brain

Extension: B - Emotion and the Social Brain

Extension: C - Emotion and the Social Brain