Question 1

Monkeys with orbitofrontal lesions:

Accepted Answer

A) have trouble adapting their responses to new contingencies. 
B) have difficulty learning any S-R associations. 
C) are better than nonlesioned monkeys at adapting their responses to new contingencies. 
D) learn S-R associations more readily than do nonlesioned monkeys. 
A) have trouble adapting their responses to new contingencies. 
B) have difficulty learning any S-R associations. 
C) are better than nonlesioned monkeys at adapting their responses to new contingencies. 
D) learn S-R associations more readily than do nonlesioned monkeys.

Question 2

Chaining involves ________,whereas shaping involves ________.

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement;punishment 
B) punishment;reinforcement 
C) reinforcing successive approximations to a desired behavior;training individual components of a complex response 
D) training individual components of a complex response;reinforcing successive approximations to a desired behavior 
A) reinforcement;punishment 
B) punishment;reinforcement 
C) reinforcing successive approximations to a desired behavior;training individual components of a complex response 
D) training individual components of a complex response;reinforcing successive approximations to a desired behavior

Question 3

Positive reinforcement involves:

Accepted Answer

A) adding an outcome to increase a behavior. 
B) adding an outcome to decrease a behavior. 
C) taking away an outcome to increase a behavior. 
D) taking away an outcome to decrease a behavior. 
A) adding an outcome to increase a behavior. 
B) adding an outcome to decrease a behavior. 
C) taking away an outcome to increase a behavior. 
D) taking away an outcome to decrease a behavior.

Question 4

A pigeon is given a choice between pecking an upper key on a VI 2' schedule and pecking a lower key on a VI 4' schedule.According to the matching law of choice behavior,the pigeon should:

Accepted Answer

A) always peck the lower key. 
B) always peck the upper key. 
C) peck the lower key twice as frequently as the upper key. 
D) peck the upper key twice as frequently as the lower key. 
A) always peck the lower key. 
B) always peck the upper key. 
C) peck the lower key twice as frequently as the upper key. 
D) peck the upper key twice as frequently as the lower key.

Question 5

A rat with a dorsal striatum lesion would have trouble learning to:

Accepted Answer

A) press a bar for a food reward. 
B) jump over a barrier to escape shock. 
C) run in an exercise wheel to obtain a drink of water. 
D) rear up on its hind legs to receive food when a red light comes on. 
A) press a bar for a food reward. 
B) jump over a barrier to escape shock. 
C) run in an exercise wheel to obtain a drink of water. 
D) rear up on its hind legs to receive food when a red light comes on.

Question 6

A person who uses cocaine but is in good health and maintains a normal lifestyle has a:

Accepted Answer

A) bad habit. 
B) pathological addiction to cocaine. 
C) behavioral addiction to cocaine. 
D) low bliss point. 
A) bad habit. 
B) pathological addiction to cocaine. 
C) behavioral addiction to cocaine. 
D) low bliss point.

Question 7

The orbitofrontal cortex is particularly important for learning:

Accepted Answer

A) automatic S-R assocations. 
B) to predict the outcomes of behaviors. 
C) R-O associations. 
D) the hedonic value of a stimulus. 
A) automatic S-R assocations. 
B) to predict the outcomes of behaviors. 
C) R-O associations. 
D) the hedonic value of a stimulus.

Question 8

Indicate which schedule of partial reinforcement (FR,VR,FI,or VI)is being used in the following example: A manager gets his paycheck every other Friday.Explain your choice.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: The correct answer is

Question 9

The process of providing consequences for a behavior that decrease the probability of that behavior is called:

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement. 
B) punishment. 
C) discrete-trial learning. 
D) free-operant learning. 
A) reinforcement. 
B) punishment. 
C) discrete-trial learning. 
D) free-operant learning.

Question 10

Hedonic value refers to ________ ,while motivational value refers to_________.

Accepted Answer

A) how much we want a reinforcer;how much we like a reinforcer 
B) how much we like a reinforcer;how much we want a reinforcer 
C) the strength of a reinforcer;the salience of a stimulus 
D) the salience of a stimulus;the strength of a reinforcer 
A) how much we want a reinforcer;how much we like a reinforcer 
B) how much we like a reinforcer;how much we want a reinforcer 
C) the strength of a reinforcer;the salience of a stimulus 
D) the salience of a stimulus;the strength of a reinforcer

Question 11

What is the role of the dorsal striatum in operant conditioning? Discuss one piece of evidence to support your claim.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Role--it is important

Question 12

Darren is trying to get his young son to eat his peas.At first,Darren praises him whenever he moves his fork near the peas;after the child does this reliably,Darren praises him only if he actually puts a pea on his fork;then Darren's praise is only given when the child puts a pea on his fork and moves the fork toward his mouth.Darren carries on this way until the child eats his peas.Darren is using _____ to get his son to eat his peas.

Accepted Answer

A) the matching law 
B) a token economy 
C) shaping 
D) chaining 
A) the matching law 
B) a token economy 
C) shaping 
D) chaining

Question 13

The main difference between reinforcement and punishment is that punishment:

Accepted Answer

A) involves adding a consequence,while reinforcement involves removing a consequence. 
B) involves removing a consequence,while reinforcement involves adding a consequence. 
C) increases a behavior,while reinforcement decreases a behavior. 
D) decreases a behavior,while reinforcement increases a behavior. 
A) involves adding a consequence,while reinforcement involves removing a consequence. 
B) involves removing a consequence,while reinforcement involves adding a consequence. 
C) increases a behavior,while reinforcement decreases a behavior. 
D) decreases a behavior,while reinforcement increases a behavior.

Question 14

In the case of Thorndike's cats learning to escape from a puzzle box,the stimulus (S)was ______ and the response (R)was ________.

Accepted Answer

A) their movements that opened the door;escaping and getting food 
B) escaping and getting food;the box 
C) the box;their movements that opened the door 
D) escaping and getting food;their movements that opened the door 
A) their movements that opened the door;escaping and getting food 
B) escaping and getting food;the box 
C) the box;their movements that opened the door 
D) escaping and getting food;their movements that opened the door

Question 15

If you buy lottery tickets,you may win on average every 15 times you play.This is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed ratio 
B) fixed interval 
C) variable ratio 
D) variable interval 
A) fixed ratio 
B) fixed interval 
C) variable ratio 
D) variable interval

Question 16

Parents who decide to use punishment on a misbehaving child should:

Accepted Answer

A) spank the child,as spanking is the only effective punisher. 
B) make sure that the punishment involves giving the child lots of attention. 
C) not use spanking because it has been shown to be completely ineffective. 
D) also reinforce good behavior. 
A) spank the child,as spanking is the only effective punisher. 
B) make sure that the punishment involves giving the child lots of attention. 
C) not use spanking because it has been shown to be completely ineffective. 
D) also reinforce good behavior.

Question 17

Give one example of negative reinforcement,and explain why it is negative reinforcement.Make clear what behavior is being reinforced in your example.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Example must

Question 18

A hotel maid is allowed to take a 15-minute break every time she cleans three rooms.This is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed-ratio 
B) fixed-interval 
C) variable-ratio 
D) variable interval 
A) fixed-ratio 
B) fixed-interval 
C) variable-ratio 
D) variable interval

Question 19

What is the role of the orbitofrontal cortex in operant conditioning? Discuss one piece of evidence to support your claim.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Role - it is important

Question 20

Swatting a dog with a newspaper would be _______ of the behavior of chewing up your favorite socks.

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement 
B) positive punishment 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) negative punishment 
A) positive reinforcement 
B) positive punishment 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) negative punishment

Monkeys with orbitofrontal lesions:

Chaining involves ,whereas shaping involves .

Positive reinforcement involves:

A pigeon is given a choice between pecking an upper key on a VI 2' schedule and pecking a lower key on a VI 4' schedule.According to the matching law of choice behavior,the pigeon should:

A rat with a dorsal striatum lesion would have trouble learning to:

A person who uses cocaine but is in good health and maintains a normal lifestyle has a:

The orbitofrontal cortex is particularly important for learning:

Indicate which schedule of partial reinforcement (FR,VR,FI,or VI)is being used in the following example: A manager gets his paycheck every other Friday.Explain your choice.

The process of providing consequences for a behavior that decrease the probability of that behavior is called:

Hedonic value refers to ,while motivational value refers to_.

What is the role of the dorsal striatum in operant conditioning? Discuss one piece of evidence to support your claim.

The main difference between reinforcement and punishment is that punishment:

In the case of Thorndike's cats learning to escape from a puzzle box,the stimulus (S)was and the response (R)was __.

If you buy lottery tickets,you may win on average every 15 times you play.This is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Parents who decide to use punishment on a misbehaving child should:

Give one example of negative reinforcement,and explain why it is negative reinforcement.Make clear what behavior is being reinforced in your example.

A hotel maid is allowed to take a 15-minute break every time she cleans three rooms.This is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

What is the role of the orbitofrontal cortex in operant conditioning? Discuss one piece of evidence to support your claim.

Swatting a dog with a newspaper would be _______ of the behavior of chewing up your favorite socks.

The Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Important Events

Generalization and Discrimination Learning

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Facts and Events

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 5: Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

Monkeys with orbitofrontal lesions:

Chaining involves ________,whereas shaping involves ________.

Positive reinforcement involves:

A pigeon is given a choice between pecking an upper key on a VI 2' schedule and pecking a lower key on a VI 4' schedule.According to the matching law of choice behavior,the pigeon should:

A rat with a dorsal striatum lesion would have trouble learning to:

A person who uses cocaine but is in good health and maintains a normal lifestyle has a:

The orbitofrontal cortex is particularly important for learning:

Indicate which schedule of partial reinforcement (FR,VR,FI,or VI)is being used in the following example: A manager gets his paycheck every other Friday.Explain your choice.

The process of providing consequences for a behavior that decrease the probability of that behavior is called:

Hedonic value refers to ________ ,while motivational value refers to_________.

What is the role of the dorsal striatum in operant conditioning? Discuss one piece of evidence to support your claim.

The main difference between reinforcement and punishment is that punishment:

In the case of Thorndike's cats learning to escape from a puzzle box,the stimulus (S)was ______ and the response (R)was ________.

If you buy lottery tickets,you may win on average every 15 times you play.This is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Parents who decide to use punishment on a misbehaving child should:

Give one example of negative reinforcement,and explain why it is negative reinforcement.Make clear what behavior is being reinforced in your example.

A hotel maid is allowed to take a 15-minute break every time she cleans three rooms.This is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

What is the role of the orbitofrontal cortex in operant conditioning? Discuss one piece of evidence to support your claim.

Swatting a dog with a newspaper would be _______ of the behavior of chewing up your favorite socks.

The Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Important Events

Generalization and Discrimination Learning

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Facts and Events

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Chaining involves ,whereas shaping involves .

Hedonic value refers to ,while motivational value refers to_.

In the case of Thorndike's cats learning to escape from a puzzle box,the stimulus (S)was and the response (R)was __.