Question 1

In the following graph,the last 13 minutes of trials demonstrate:

Accepted Answer

A) punishment. 
B) discrete-trial learning. 
C) aquisition. 
D) extinction. 
A) punishment. 
B) discrete-trial learning. 
C) aquisition. 
D) extinction.

Question 2

Suppose you have a friend who drinks alcohol.How would you determine whether her drinking is just a bad habit and not a pathological addiction?

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Give examples of behav

Question 3

Which of the following is true about shaping?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a difficult and time-consuming process. 
B) It has not yet been successfully used for modifying human behavior. 
C) It is a good way to train an animal very quickly. 
D) It involves giving bigger rewards as one gets closer to making the correct response. 
A) It is a difficult and time-consuming process. 
B) It has not yet been successfully used for modifying human behavior. 
C) It is a good way to train an animal very quickly. 
D) It involves giving bigger rewards as one gets closer to making the correct response.

Question 4

Six-year-old Timmy was misbehaving in class one morning.Which of the following punishments is likely to be the MOST effective in preventing Timmy from misbehaving again?

Accepted Answer

A) making Timmy stay after school 
B) immediately Timmy to sit in the corner 
C) taking Timmy aside at lunchtime and asking him to please stop misbehaving 
D) giving Timmy a warning,and making the punishment more severe if he misbehaves again 
A) making Timmy stay after school 
B) immediately Timmy to sit in the corner 
C) taking Timmy aside at lunchtime and asking him to please stop misbehaving 
D) giving Timmy a warning,and making the punishment more severe if he misbehaves again

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A) money 
B) praise 
C) grades 
D) food 
A) money 
B) praise 
C) grades 
D) food

Question 6

Which finding has been used to suggest that extinction mimicry is not simply due to rats no longer liking the food reward?

Accepted Answer

A) When dopamine is blocked in rats,the rats act as though they like all foods. 
B) When dopamine is blocked in rats,the rats no longer display an aversive ("ugh")reaction to foods they dislike. 
C) Parkinson's patients rate the pleasantness of foods the same way that healthy people do. 
D) Parkinson's patients tend to dislike most foods. 
A) When dopamine is blocked in rats,the rats act as though they like all foods. 
B) When dopamine is blocked in rats,the rats no longer display an aversive ("ugh")reaction to foods they dislike. 
C) Parkinson's patients rate the pleasantness of foods the same way that healthy people do. 
D) Parkinson's patients tend to dislike most foods.

Question 7

The dorsal striatum seems to be especially important for learning:

Accepted Answer

A) whether an outcome is pleasant or unpleasant. 
B) the identity of an expected outcome. 
C) R-O associations. 
D) S-R associations. 
A) whether an outcome is pleasant or unpleasant. 
B) the identity of an expected outcome. 
C) R-O associations. 
D) S-R associations.

Question 8

In what way does operant conditioning differ from classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A) In classical conditioning,learning is fastest during the early trials,while in operant conditioning learning is fastest during the later trials. 
B) In classical conditioning,the consequence arrives regardless of the animal's behavior,while in operant conditioning it only arrives once the animal has made a response. 
C) Classical conditioning can be used to train animals to make responses they would not normally make;operant conditioning cannot be used to do this. 
D) Extinction occurs in classical conditioning but not in operant conditioning. 
A) In classical conditioning,learning is fastest during the early trials,while in operant conditioning learning is fastest during the later trials. 
B) In classical conditioning,the consequence arrives regardless of the animal's behavior,while in operant conditioning it only arrives once the animal has made a response. 
C) Classical conditioning can be used to train animals to make responses they would not normally make;operant conditioning cannot be used to do this. 
D) Extinction occurs in classical conditioning but not in operant conditioning.

Question 9

One suggestion regarding the roles of dopamine and opioids in reinforcement is that:

Accepted Answer

A) dopamine is involved in "wanting" a drug,whereas opioids are involved in "liking" a drug. 
B) opioids are involved in "wanting" a drug,whereas dopamine is involved in "liking" a drug. 
C) dopamine and opioids are both involved in "wanting" a drug. 
D) dopamine and opioids are both involved in "liking" a drug. 
A) dopamine is involved in "wanting" a drug,whereas opioids are involved in "liking" a drug. 
B) opioids are involved in "wanting" a drug,whereas dopamine is involved in "liking" a drug. 
C) dopamine and opioids are both involved in "wanting" a drug. 
D) dopamine and opioids are both involved in "liking" a drug.

Question 10

If you wanted to use shaping to train your new puppy to come when you call her name,you would call her name and then:

Accepted Answer

A) reward her once she comes all the way to you. 
B) reward her first when she looks at you,then for turning towards you,and then for taking a few steps in your direction. 
C) jingle some keys or shake a dog toy to get her interested enough to come over to you. 
D) pull her to you with a leash,then reward her when she reaches you. 
A) reward her once she comes all the way to you. 
B) reward her first when she looks at you,then for turning towards you,and then for taking a few steps in your direction. 
C) jingle some keys or shake a dog toy to get her interested enough to come over to you. 
D) pull her to you with a leash,then reward her when she reaches you.

Question 11

June normally takes the elevator to her office on the 8th floor.Today,she was supposed to go up first to the 10th floor to pick up some files,but she automatically got off at the 8th floor.June exhibited:

Accepted Answer

A) a behavioral addiction. 
B) the Protestant ethic effect. 
C) the Premack principle. 
D) a habit slip. 
A) a behavioral addiction. 
B) the Protestant ethic effect. 
C) the Premack principle. 
D) a habit slip.

Question 12

Suppose a man has his driver's license revoked due to several unpaid traffic tickets.The taking away of his license would be _______ of the man's behavior of not paying tickets.

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement 
B) positive punishment 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) negative punishment 
A) positive reinforcement 
B) positive punishment 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) negative punishment

Question 13

Suppose a teenager spends more time talking on the phone than doing her homework.According to the Premack principle,how could her parents get their daughter to do her homework more often?

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: There are tw

Question 14

Drug addicts continue taking drugs in part to avoid the unpleasant effects of withdrawal.In this case,the behavior of taking drugs is being:

Accepted Answer

A) positively reinforced. 
B) negatively reinforced. 
C) positively punished. 
D) negatively punished. 
A) positively reinforced. 
B) negatively reinforced. 
C) positively punished. 
D) negatively punished.

Question 15

Cocaine and amphetamine work by:

Accepted Answer

A) increasing the amount of endogenous opioids available. 
B) decreasing the amount of endogenous opioids available. 
C) increasing the amount of dopamine available. 
D) decreasing the amount of dopamine available. 
A) increasing the amount of endogenous opioids available. 
B) decreasing the amount of endogenous opioids available. 
C) increasing the amount of dopamine available. 
D) decreasing the amount of dopamine available.

Question 16

Lauren is trying to stop her son from banging his spoon on the table during meals by praising him whenever he uses his spoon to eat his food.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) extinction. 
B) distancing. 
C) reinforcement of alternative behaviors. 
D) delayed reinforcement. 
A) extinction. 
B) distancing. 
C) reinforcement of alternative behaviors. 
D) delayed reinforcement.

Question 17

If a pigeon is being trained to peck at a disc for a food reward,which of the following delays between pecking and receiving the reward will lead to the fastest learning?

Accepted Answer

A) 0 seconds 
B) 2 seconds 
C) 5 seconds 
D) 10 seconds 
A) 0 seconds 
B) 2 seconds 
C) 5 seconds 
D) 10 seconds

Question 18

If it rains,opening your umbrella keeps you from getting wet.Escaping from getting wet would be _______ of the behavior of opening your umbrella.

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement 
B) positive punishment 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) negative punishment 
A) positive reinforcement 
B) positive punishment 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) negative punishment

Question 19

Which of the following demonstrates the free-operant paradigm?

Accepted Answer

A) After reaching the end of a maze,a rat is returned to the starting point by the experimenter. 
B) When a cat escapes from a puzzle box,the experimenter puts the cat back in. 
C) A rat in a Skinner box can press a bar at any time to receive food. 
D) After reaching the end of a maze,a rat is put back inside its home cage. 
A) After reaching the end of a maze,a rat is returned to the starting point by the experimenter. 
B) When a cat escapes from a puzzle box,the experimenter puts the cat back in. 
C) A rat in a Skinner box can press a bar at any time to receive food. 
D) After reaching the end of a maze,a rat is put back inside its home cage.

Question 20

Describe how positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement play a role in drug addiction.

Accepted Answer

Grading criteria: Positive reinforcement

In the following graph,the last 13 minutes of trials demonstrate:

Suppose you have a friend who drinks alcohol.How would you determine whether her drinking is just a bad habit and not a pathological addiction?

Which of the following is true about shaping?

Six-year-old Timmy was misbehaving in class one morning.Which of the following punishments is likely to be the MOST effective in preventing Timmy from misbehaving again?

Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer?

Which finding has been used to suggest that extinction mimicry is not simply due to rats no longer liking the food reward?

The dorsal striatum seems to be especially important for learning:

In what way does operant conditioning differ from classical conditioning?

One suggestion regarding the roles of dopamine and opioids in reinforcement is that:

If you wanted to use shaping to train your new puppy to come when you call her name,you would call her name and then:

June normally takes the elevator to her office on the 8^th floor.Today,she was supposed to go up first to the 10^th floor to pick up some files,but she automatically got off at the 8^th floor.June exhibited:

Suppose a man has his driver's license revoked due to several unpaid traffic tickets.The taking away of his license would be _______ of the man's behavior of not paying tickets.

Suppose a teenager spends more time talking on the phone than doing her homework.According to the Premack principle,how could her parents get their daughter to do her homework more often?

Drug addicts continue taking drugs in part to avoid the unpleasant effects of withdrawal.In this case,the behavior of taking drugs is being:

Cocaine and amphetamine work by:

Lauren is trying to stop her son from banging his spoon on the table during meals by praising him whenever he uses his spoon to eat his food.This is an example of:

If a pigeon is being trained to peck at a disc for a food reward,which of the following delays between pecking and receiving the reward will lead to the fastest learning?

If it rains,opening your umbrella keeps you from getting wet.Escaping from getting wet would be _______ of the behavior of opening your umbrella.

Which of the following demonstrates the free-operant paradigm?

Describe how positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement play a role in drug addiction.

The Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Important Events

Generalization and Discrimination Learning

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Facts and Events

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 5: Operant Conditioning: Learning the Outcome of Behaviors

In the following graph,the last 13 minutes of trials demonstrate:

Suppose you have a friend who drinks alcohol.How would you determine whether her drinking is just a bad habit and not a pathological addiction?

Which of the following is true about shaping?

Six-year-old Timmy was misbehaving in class one morning.Which of the following punishments is likely to be the MOST effective in preventing Timmy from misbehaving again?

Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer?

Which finding has been used to suggest that extinction mimicry is not simply due to rats no longer liking the food reward?

The dorsal striatum seems to be especially important for learning:

In what way does operant conditioning differ from classical conditioning?

One suggestion regarding the roles of dopamine and opioids in reinforcement is that:

If you wanted to use shaping to train your new puppy to come when you call her name,you would call her name and then:

June normally takes the elevator to her office on the 8th floor.Today,she was supposed to go up first to the 10th floor to pick up some files,but she automatically got off at the 8th floor.June exhibited:

Suppose a man has his driver's license revoked due to several unpaid traffic tickets.The taking away of his license would be _______ of the man's behavior of not paying tickets.

Suppose a teenager spends more time talking on the phone than doing her homework.According to the Premack principle,how could her parents get their daughter to do her homework more often?

Drug addicts continue taking drugs in part to avoid the unpleasant effects of withdrawal.In this case,the behavior of taking drugs is being:

Cocaine and amphetamine work by:

Lauren is trying to stop her son from banging his spoon on the table during meals by praising him whenever he uses his spoon to eat his food.This is an example of:

If a pigeon is being trained to peck at a disc for a food reward,which of the following delays between pecking and receiving the reward will lead to the fastest learning?

If it rains,opening your umbrella keeps you from getting wet.Escaping from getting wet would be _______ of the behavior of opening your umbrella.

Which of the following demonstrates the free-operant paradigm?

Describe how positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement play a role in drug addiction.

The Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization: Learning About Repeated Events

Classical Conditioning: Learning to Predict Important Events

Generalization and Discrimination Learning

Episodic and Semantic Memory: Memory for Facts and Events

Skill Memory: Learning by Doing

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory: Observing, Interacting, and Reenacting

Development and Aging: Learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

June normally takes the elevator to her office on the 8^th floor.Today,she was supposed to go up first to the 10^th floor to pick up some files,but she automatically got off at the 8^th floor.June exhibited: