Question 1

Identify the nuclide that has the shortest half-life.

Accepted Answer

A)    U 
B)    C 
C)    Rn 
D)    Th 
E)    Th 
A)    U 
B)    C 
C)    Rn 
D)    Th 
E)    Th

Question 2

A rock contains 0.313 mg of lead-206 for each milligram of uranium-238.The half-life for the decay of uranium-238 to lead-206 is 4.5 × 109 yr.The rock was formed ________ years ago.

Accepted Answer

A)  1.41 × 109 
B)  1.08 × 109 
C)  1.39 × 109 
D)  2.00 × 109 
E)  1.56 × 109 
A)  1.41 × 109 
B)  1.08 × 109 
C)  1.39 × 109 
D)  2.00 × 109 
E)  1.56 × 109

Question 3

Complete the following equation of nuclear fusion.   H +   H →   He + ______

Accepted Answer

A)    H 
B)    g 
C)    n 
D)    H 
E)    n 
A)    H 
B)    g 
C)    n 
D)    H 
E)    n

Question 4

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the beta decay of   Pb.

Accepted Answer

A)    Pt 
B)    Tl 
C)    Hg 
D)    Bi 
E)    Pb 
A)    Pt 
B)    Tl 
C)    Hg 
D)    Bi 
E)    Pb

Question 5

Describe what changes occur during positron emission.

Accepted Answer

A)  The mass number and atomic number decrease. 
B)  The mass number and atomic number increase. 
C)  The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number decreases. 
D)  The mass number decreases and the atomic number is unchanged. 
E)  The mass number and atomic number do not change. 
A)  The mass number and atomic number decrease. 
B)  The mass number and atomic number increase. 
C)  The mass number is unchanged and the atomic number decreases. 
D)  The mass number decreases and the atomic number is unchanged. 
E)  The mass number and atomic number do not change.

Question 6

Define transmutation.

Accepted Answer

A)  the transformation of one element into another 
B)  the loss of neutrons from an atom 
C)  the loss of electrons from an atom 
D)  the loss of protons from an atom 
E)  the gain of neutrons to an atom 
A)  the transformation of one element into another 
B)  the loss of neutrons from an atom 
C)  the loss of electrons from an atom 
D)  the loss of protons from an atom 
E)  the gain of neutrons to an atom

Question 7

The splitting of the uranium atom is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  radioactive cleavage. 
B)  nuclear fission. 
C)  nuclear fusion. 
D)  radioactive merge. 
E)  half-life. 
A)  radioactive cleavage. 
B)  nuclear fission. 
C)  nuclear fusion. 
D)  radioactive merge. 
E)  half-life.

Question 8

Atoms with Z > ________ are radioactive and decay in one or more steps involving mostly alpha and beta decay.

Accepted Answer

A)  72 
B)  130 
C)  83 
D)  150 
E)  30 
A)  72 
B)  130 
C)  83 
D)  150 
E)  30

Question 9

List two problems associated with nuclear power.

Accepted Answer

overheatin

Question 10

The splitting of a heavy nucleus to form two or more lighter ones is called

Accepted Answer

A)  radioactive cleavage. 
B)  nuclear fission. 
C)  nuclear fusion. 
D)  radioactive merge. 
E)  half-life. 
A)  radioactive cleavage. 
B)  nuclear fission. 
C)  nuclear fusion. 
D)  radioactive merge. 
E)  half-life.

Question 11

The age of an ancient tree trunk is estimated using radiocarbon dating.If the trunk has a C-14 decay rate that is 34% of what it is in living plants,how old is the trunk? The half-life of C-14 is 5730 years.

Accepted Answer

A)  2.92 × 104 years 
B)  1.94 × 104 years 
C)  8.92 × 103 years 
D)  5.31 × 103 years 
E)  1.74 × 102 years 
A)  2.92 × 104 years 
B)  1.94 × 104 years 
C)  8.92 × 103 years 
D)  5.31 × 103 years 
E)  1.74 × 102 years

Question 12

Identify the missing particle in the following nuclear equation:   U →   Sr + ? + 2   n + 4   g

Accepted Answer

A)    Te 
B)    Xe 
C)    Xe 
D)    Te 
E)    Sr 
A)    Te 
B)    Xe 
C)    Xe 
D)    Te 
E)    Sr

Question 13

Identify the following diagnostic procedure that gives the lowest dose of radiation.

Accepted Answer

A)  dental x-ray - two bitewings 
B)  upper gastrointestinal tract x-ray 
C)  chest x-ray 
D)  barium enema x-ray 
E)  computed tomography - head 
A)  dental x-ray - two bitewings 
B)  upper gastrointestinal tract x-ray 
C)  chest x-ray 
D)  barium enema x-ray 
E)  computed tomography - head

Question 14

What percentage of a radioactive substance remains after 6.00 half-lives have elapsed?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.781% 
B)  1.56% 
C)  3.12% 
D)  6.25% 
E)  60.0% 
A)  0.781% 
B)  1.56% 
C)  3.12% 
D)  6.25% 
E)  60.0%

Question 15

The following reaction represents what nuclear process?   Am →   He +   Np

Accepted Answer

A)  beta emission 
B)  alpha capture 
C)  alpha emission 
D)  electron capture 
E)  positron capture 
A)  beta emission 
B)  alpha capture 
C)  alpha emission 
D)  electron capture 
E)  positron capture

Question 16

Determine the binding energy of an O-16 nucleus.The O-16 nucleus has a mass of 15.9905 amu.A proton has a mass of 1.00728 amu,a neutron has a mass of 1.008665 amu,and 1 amu is equivalent to 931 MeV of energy.

Accepted Answer

A)  8.84 MeV 
B)  128 MeV 
C)  138 MeV 
D)  78.1 MeV 
E)  38.2 MeV 
A)  8.84 MeV 
B)  128 MeV 
C)  138 MeV 
D)  78.1 MeV 
E)  38.2 MeV

Question 17

Write a nuclear equation for the alpha decay of   Pu.

Accepted Answer

A)    Pu →
  e +
  Am 
B)    Pu →
  He +
  U 
C)    Pu →
  e +
  Np 
D)    Pu →
  n +
  Pu 
E)    Pu →
  e +
  Np 
A)    Pu →
  e +
  Am 
B)    Pu →
  He +
  U 
C)    Pu →
  e +
  Np 
D)    Pu →
  n +
  Pu 
E)    Pu →
  e +
  Np

Question 18

Identify the missing particle in the following nuclear equation:   Pb →   e + ?

Accepted Answer

A)    Bi 
B)    Tl 
C)    Pb 
D)    Pb 
E)    Tl 
A)    Bi 
B)    Tl 
C)    Pb 
D)    Pb 
E)    Tl

Question 19

A freshly prepared sample of curium-243 undergoes 3312 disintegrations per second.After 6.00 yr,the activity of the sample declines to 2755 disintegrations per second.The half-life of curium-243 is ________ yr.

Accepted Answer

A)  4.99 
B)  32.6 
C)  7.21 
D)  0.765 
E)  22.6 
A)  4.99 
B)  32.6 
C)  7.21 
D)  0.765 
E)  22.6

Question 20

How does a dosimeter measure exposure to radioactivity?

Accepted Answer

A dosimeter is usually a piece of photog

Exam 20: Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry

Identify the nuclide that has the shortest half-life.

A rock contains 0.313 mg of lead-206 for each milligram of uranium-238.The half-life for the decay of uranium-238 to lead-206 is 4.5 × 109 yr.The rock was formed ________ years ago.

Complete the following equation of nuclear fusion. H + H → He + ______

Determine the identity of the daughter nuclide from the beta decay of Pb.

Describe what changes occur during positron emission.

Define transmutation.

The splitting of the uranium atom is an example of

Atoms with Z > ________ are radioactive and decay in one or more steps involving mostly alpha and beta decay.

List two problems associated with nuclear power.

The splitting of a heavy nucleus to form two or more lighter ones is called

The age of an ancient tree trunk is estimated using radiocarbon dating.If the trunk has a C-14 decay rate that is 34% of what it is in living plants,how old is the trunk? The half-life of C-14 is 5730 years.

Identify the missing particle in the following nuclear equation: U → Sr + ? + 2 n + 4 g

Identify the following diagnostic procedure that gives the lowest dose of radiation.

What percentage of a radioactive substance remains after 6.00 half-lives have elapsed?

The following reaction represents what nuclear process? Am → He + Np

Determine the binding energy of an O-16 nucleus.The O-16 nucleus has a mass of 15.9905 amu.A proton has a mass of 1.00728 amu,a neutron has a mass of 1.008665 amu,and 1 amu is equivalent to 931 MeV of energy.

Write a nuclear equation for the alpha decay of Pu.

Identify the missing particle in the following nuclear equation: Pb → e + ?

A freshly prepared sample of curium-243 undergoes 3312 disintegrations per second.After 6.00 yr,the activity of the sample declines to 2755 disintegrations per second.The half-life of curium-243 is ________ yr.

How does a dosimeter measure exposure to radioactivity?

Matter, measurement, and Problem Solving

Atoms and Elements

Molecules,compounds,and Chemical Equations

Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions

Gases

Thermochemistry

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of the Atom

Periodic Properties of the Elements

Chemical Bonding I: Lewis Theory

Chemical Bonding Ii: Molecular Shapes,valence Bond Theory,

Liquids,solids,and Intermolecular Forces

Solids and Modern Materials

Solutions

Chemical Kinetics

Chemical Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

Aqueous Ionic Equilibrium

Free Energy and Thermodynamics

Electrochemistry

Organic Chemistry

Biochemistry

Chemistry of the Nonmetals

Metals and Metallurgy

Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds

Filters

A rock contains 0.313 mg of lead-206 for each milligram of uranium-238.The half-life for the decay of uranium-238 to lead-206 is 4.5 × 10⁹ yr.The rock was formed ________ years ago.