Question 1

Which of the following statements about β+ decay are correct? (There may be more than one correct choice.)During β+ decay

Accepted Answer

A)  an orbital electron is captured by the nucleus. 
B)  a proton is emitted from the nucleus. 
C)  a neutron in the nucleus decays to a proton and an electron. 
D)  a proton in the nucleus decays to a positron and a neutron. 
E)  the atomic number Z of the isotope increases by one unit but the atomic weight A remains unchanged. 
A)  an orbital electron is captured by the nucleus. 
B)  a proton is emitted from the nucleus. 
C)  a neutron in the nucleus decays to a proton and an electron. 
D)  a proton in the nucleus decays to a positron and a neutron. 
E)  the atomic number Z of the isotope increases by one unit but the atomic weight A remains unchanged.

Question 2

A certain nucleus containing 8 protons and 7 neutrons has a density ρ.Which of the following values would be closest to the expected value of the density of a nucleus having 51 protons and 69 neutrons?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.00 ρ 
B)  1.85 ρ 
C)  2.00 ρ 
D)  2.14 ρ 
E)  8.00 ρ 
A)  1.00 ρ 
B)  1.85 ρ 
C)  2.00 ρ 
D)  2.14 ρ 
E)  8.00 ρ

Question 3

A certain substance has a half-life of 5.0 hours.How many nuclei of the substance are required to give an initial activity of 6.0 μCi? 1 Ci = 3.7 ×   Bq.

Accepted Answer

A)  5.8 ×   
B)  8.5 ×   
C)  6.3 ×   
D)  3.2 ×   
E)  2.4 ×   
A)  5.8 ×   
B)  8.5 ×   
C)  6.3 ×   
D)  3.2 ×   
E)  2.4 ×

Question 4

A radioisotope has a half-life of τ at a temperature of 150 K.If its temperature is increased to 300 K,what will its half-life be?

Accepted Answer

A)  4τ 
B)  2 τ 
C)  τ 
D)  τ/2 
E)  τ/4 
A)  4τ 
B)  2 τ 
C)  τ 
D)  τ/2 
E)  τ/4

Question 5

A hospital patient has been given some   (half-life = 8.04 d)which decays at 4.2 times the acceptable level for exposure to the general public.How long must the patient wait for the decay rate to reach the acceptable level? Assume that the material merely decays and is not excreted by the body.

Accepted Answer

A)  17 d 
B)  12 d 
C)  8.0 d 
D)  7.2 d 
A)  17 d 
B)  12 d 
C)  8.0 d 
D)  7.2 d

Question 6

How much energy is released in the total fission of   of   The average energy per fission is 200.0 MeV.(1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2 = 1.6605 × 10-27 kg,

Accepted Answer

A)  1.6 × 1011 J 
B)  3.9 × 1013 J 
C)  1.6 × 105 J 
D)  3.9 × 1010 J 
A)  1.6 × 1011 J 
B)  3.9 × 1013 J 
C)  1.6 × 105 J 
D)  3.9 × 1010 J

Question 7

Radium-226 decays into radon-222 plus an alpha particle.How much energy is released in this process? 1 u = 931.494 MeV/c2,and the relevant mass values are   He: 4.002603 u   Rn: 222.017570 u   Ra: 226.025402 u

Accepted Answer

A)  4.24 MeV 
B)  3.76 MeV 
C)  4.87 MeV 
D)  5.05 MeV 
E)  5.39 MeV 
A)  4.24 MeV 
B)  3.76 MeV 
C)  4.87 MeV 
D)  5.05 MeV 
E)  5.39 MeV

Question 8

Heavier stable nuclei tend to have

Accepted Answer

A)  half as many protons as neutrons. 
B)  the same number of neutrons and protons. 
C)  more neutrons than protons. 
D)  no clear trend in the relative number of neutrons and protons. 
E)  more protons than neutrons. 
A)  half as many protons as neutrons. 
B)  the same number of neutrons and protons. 
C)  more neutrons than protons. 
D)  no clear trend in the relative number of neutrons and protons. 
E)  more protons than neutrons.

Question 9

In the nuclear reaction   B +   He →   H + X,which of the following is the missing nuclear product X?

Accepted Answer

A)    F 
B)    N 
C)    C 
D)    N 
E)    N 
A)    F 
B)    N 
C)    C 
D)    N 
E)    N

Question 10

Modern nuclear bomb tests have created an extra high level of 14C in our atmosphere.Suppose that future archaeologists date samples from our era,but do not know about this testing.Will their dates be too young,too old,or still correct? If correct they are correct,why?

Accepted Answer

A)  too young 
B)  too old 
C)  correct, because 14C from bomb tests is different from that produced naturally 
D)  correct, because modern biological materials do not gather 14C from bomb tests 
A)  too young 
B)  too old 
C)  correct, because 14C from bomb tests is different from that produced naturally 
D)  correct, because modern biological materials do not gather 14C from bomb tests

Question 11

A 70-kg laboratory technician absorbs 2.9 mJ of 0.50-MeV gamma rays in a workday.How many gamma-ray photons does the technician absorb in a workday?

Accepted Answer

A)  3.6 × 1010 
B)  3.6 × 109 
C)  3.6 × 108 
D)  1.0 × 109 
E)  1.0 × 108 
A)  3.6 × 1010 
B)  3.6 × 109 
C)  3.6 × 108 
D)  1.0 × 109 
E)  1.0 × 108

Question 12

The set of nuclear reactions that power our sun can be summarized a 4p+ → 4He+2 + 2e+.The masses of the particles involved are 938.272 MeV/c2 (proton,p+),   (alpha particle,4He+2),and 0.511 MeV/c2 (positron,e+).How much energy is released by each set of these reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  24.69 MeV 
B)  28.3 MeV 
C)  2790 MeV 
D)  279 MeV 
A)  24.69 MeV 
B)  28.3 MeV 
C)  2790 MeV 
D)  279 MeV

Question 13

A fusion reaction releases energy because the binding energy of the resulting nucleus

Accepted Answer

A)  is greater than the binding energy of the original nuclei. 
B)  is equal to the binding energy of the original nuclei. 
C)  is less than the binding energy of the original nuclei. 
D)  is released in the process. 
E)  is absorbed in the process. 
A)  is greater than the binding energy of the original nuclei. 
B)  is equal to the binding energy of the original nuclei. 
C)  is less than the binding energy of the original nuclei. 
D)  is released in the process. 
E)  is absorbed in the process.

Question 14

Which of the following descriptions best describes the process by which energy is released in a conventional nuclear reactor?

Accepted Answer

A)  The radiation given off by a naturally radioactive substance, uranium, is collected and used to make steam. 
B)  Uranium is reacted with oxygen in a combustion process that releases large amounts of radioactivity and heat. 
C)  Deuterium and tritium are joined together to form helium. 
D)  Uranium, when bombarded by neutrons, splits into fragments and releases two or three neutrons, and these neutrons in turn strike more uranium nuclei that split, thereby setting off a chain reaction that releases energy. 
E)  A uranium nucleus is energized to an excited state by neutron irradiation, and it then decays by emitting beta rays and gamma rays that heat water and create steam. 
A)  The radiation given off by a naturally radioactive substance, uranium, is collected and used to make steam. 
B)  Uranium is reacted with oxygen in a combustion process that releases large amounts of radioactivity and heat. 
C)  Deuterium and tritium are joined together to form helium. 
D)  Uranium, when bombarded by neutrons, splits into fragments and releases two or three neutrons, and these neutrons in turn strike more uranium nuclei that split, thereby setting off a chain reaction that releases energy. 
E)  A uranium nucleus is energized to an excited state by neutron irradiation, and it then decays by emitting beta rays and gamma rays that heat water and create steam.

Question 15

Two deuterium nuclei,   H,fuse to produce a tritium nucleus,   H,and a hydrogen nucleus.A neutral deuterium atom has a mass of 2.014102 u; a neutral tritium atom has a mass of 3.016049 u; a neutral hydrogen atom has a mass of 1.007825 u; a neutron has a mass of 1.008665 u; and a proton has a mass of 1.007276 u.How much energy is released in the process? (1 u = 931.494 MeV/c2)

Accepted Answer

A)  3.03 MeV 
B)  3.53 MeV 
C)  4.03 MeV 
D)  4.53 MeV 
E)  6.58 MeV 
A)  3.03 MeV 
B)  3.53 MeV 
C)  4.03 MeV 
D)  4.53 MeV 
E)  6.58 MeV

Question 16

The carbon in your body was formed in nuclear reactions in long-dead stars.How much energy was released when three 4He nuclei combined to make 12C? The mass of 4He is   ,the mass of 12C is   ,and   .

Accepted Answer

A)  7.274 MeV 
B)  3716 MeV 
C)  8.424 MeV 
D)  2.106 MeV 
A)  7.274 MeV 
B)  3716 MeV 
C)  8.424 MeV 
D)  2.106 MeV

Question 17

A stationary plutonium-239 nucleus decays into a uranium-235 nucleus plus an alpha particle.The energy released in the process is 5.24 MeV.Given the following mass values   He: 4.002603 u   U: 235.043924 u what is the kinetic energy of the   U nucleus? (1 u =931.494 MeV/c2)

Accepted Answer

A)  0.0829 MeV 
B)  0.0837 MeV 
C)  0.0852 MeV 
D)  0.0863 MeV 
E)  0.0877 MeV 
A)  0.0829 MeV 
B)  0.0837 MeV 
C)  0.0852 MeV 
D)  0.0863 MeV 
E)  0.0877 MeV

Question 18

Uranium-238 decays into thorium-234 plus an alpha particle.How much energy is released in this process? 1 u = 931.494 MeV/c2,and the relevant mass values are   He: 4.002603 u   Th: 234.043583 u   U: 238.050786 u

Accepted Answer

A)  4.28 MeV 
B)  3.76 MeV 
C)  3.18 MeV 
D)  2.89 MeV 
E)  5.05 MeV 
A)  4.28 MeV 
B)  3.76 MeV 
C)  3.18 MeV 
D)  2.89 MeV 
E)  5.05 MeV

Question 19

If a nucleus decays by β+ decay to a daughter nucleus,which of the following statements about this decay are correct? (There may be more than one correct choice.)

Accepted Answer

A)  The daughter nucleus has more protons than the original nucleus. 
B)  The daughter nucleus has more neutrons than the original nucleus. 
C)  The daughter nucleus has the same number of nucleons as the original nucleus. 
D)  The daughter nucleus has fewer protons than the original nucleus. 
E)  The daughter nucleus has fewer neutrons than the original nucleus. 
A)  The daughter nucleus has more protons than the original nucleus. 
B)  The daughter nucleus has more neutrons than the original nucleus. 
C)  The daughter nucleus has the same number of nucleons as the original nucleus. 
D)  The daughter nucleus has fewer protons than the original nucleus. 
E)  The daughter nucleus has fewer neutrons than the original nucleus.

Question 20

Consider the fusion reaction   H +   H +   H →   He +   H +   n
The atomic masses are:   H: 2.01410 u   He: 4.00260 u   H,1.00783 u   n: 1.008665 u
What mass of deuterium fuel,   H,is used up in producing 8.2 × 1013 J of energy by this reaction? (1u = 1.6605 × 10-27 kg = 931.5 MeV/c2)

Accepted Answer

Exam 43: Nuclear Physics

Which of the following statements about β+ decay are correct? (There may be more than one correct choice.)During β+ decay

A certain nucleus containing 8 protons and 7 neutrons has a density ρ.Which of the following values would be closest to the expected value of the density of a nucleus having 51 protons and 69 neutrons?

A certain substance has a half-life of 5.0 hours.How many nuclei of the substance are required to give an initial activity of 6.0 μCi? 1 Ci = 3.7 × Bq.

A radioisotope has a half-life of τ at a temperature of 150 K.If its temperature is increased to 300 K,what will its half-life be?

A hospital patient has been given some (half-life = 8.04 d)which decays at 4.2 times the acceptable level for exposure to the general public.How long must the patient wait for the decay rate to reach the acceptable level? Assume that the material merely decays and is not excreted by the body.

How much energy is released in the total fission of of The average energy per fission is 200.0 MeV.(1 u = 931.5 MeV/c2 = 1.6605 × 10-27 kg,

Radium-226 decays into radon-222 plus an alpha particle.How much energy is released in this process? 1 u = 931.494 MeV/c2,and the relevant mass values are He: 4.002603 u Rn: 222.017570 u Ra: 226.025402 u

Heavier stable nuclei tend to have

In the nuclear reaction B + He → H + X,which of the following is the missing nuclear product X?

Modern nuclear bomb tests have created an extra high level of 14C in our atmosphere.Suppose that future archaeologists date samples from our era,but do not know about this testing.Will their dates be too young,too old,or still correct? If correct they are correct,why?

A 70-kg laboratory technician absorbs 2.9 mJ of 0.50-MeV gamma rays in a workday.How many gamma-ray photons does the technician absorb in a workday?

The set of nuclear reactions that power our sun can be summarized a 4p+ → 4He+2 + 2e+.The masses of the particles involved are 938.272 MeV/c2 (proton,p+), (alpha particle,4He+2),and 0.511 MeV/c2 (positron,e+).How much energy is released by each set of these reactions?

A fusion reaction releases energy because the binding energy of the resulting nucleus

Which of the following descriptions best describes the process by which energy is released in a conventional nuclear reactor?

The carbon in your body was formed in nuclear reactions in long-dead stars.How much energy was released when three 4He nuclei combined to make 12C? The mass of 4He is ,the mass of 12C is ,and .

A stationary plutonium-239 nucleus decays into a uranium-235 nucleus plus an alpha particle.The energy released in the process is 5.24 MeV.Given the following mass values He: 4.002603 u U: 235.043924 u what is the kinetic energy of the U nucleus? (1 u =931.494 MeV/c2)

Uranium-238 decays into thorium-234 plus an alpha particle.How much energy is released in this process? 1 u = 931.494 MeV/c2,and the relevant mass values are He: 4.002603 u Th: 234.043583 u U: 238.050786 u

If a nucleus decays by β+ decay to a daughter nucleus,which of the following statements about this decay are correct? (There may be more than one correct choice.)

Consider the fusion reaction H + H + H → He + H + n The atomic masses are: H: 2.01410 u He: 4.00260 u H,1.00783 u n: 1.008665 u What mass of deuterium fuel, H,is used up in producing 8.2 × 1013 J of energy by this reaction? (1u = 1.6605 × 10-27 kg = 931.5 MeV/c2)

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Filters

Which of the following statements about β⁺ decay are correct? (There may be more than one correct choice.)During β⁺ decay

How much energy is released in the total fission of of The average energy per fission is 200.0 MeV.(1 u = 931.5 MeV/c² = 1.6605 × 10^-27 kg,

Radium-226 decays into radon-222 plus an alpha particle.How much energy is released in this process? 1 u = 931.494 MeV/c²,and the relevant mass values are He: 4.002603 u Rn: 222.017570 u Ra: 226.025402 u

Modern nuclear bomb tests have created an extra high level of ¹⁴C in our atmosphere.Suppose that future archaeologists date samples from our era,but do not know about this testing.Will their dates be too young,too old,or still correct? If correct they are correct,why?

The set of nuclear reactions that power our sun can be summarized a 4p⁺ → ⁴He⁺² + 2e⁺.The masses of the particles involved are 938.272 MeV/c² (proton,p⁺), (alpha particle,⁴He⁺²),and 0.511 MeV/c² (positron,e⁺).How much energy is released by each set of these reactions?

The carbon in your body was formed in nuclear reactions in long-dead stars.How much energy was released when three ⁴He nuclei combined to make ¹²C? The mass of ⁴He is ,the mass of ¹²C is ,and .

A stationary plutonium-239 nucleus decays into a uranium-235 nucleus plus an alpha particle.The energy released in the process is 5.24 MeV.Given the following mass values He: 4.002603 u U: 235.043924 u what is the kinetic energy of the U nucleus? (1 u =931.494 MeV/c²)

Uranium-238 decays into thorium-234 plus an alpha particle.How much energy is released in this process? 1 u = 931.494 MeV/c²,and the relevant mass values are He: 4.002603 u Th: 234.043583 u U: 238.050786 u

If a nucleus decays by β⁺ decay to a daughter nucleus,which of the following statements about this decay are correct? (There may be more than one correct choice.)

Consider the fusion reaction H + H + H → He + H + n The atomic masses are: H: 2.01410 u He: 4.00260 u H,1.00783 u n: 1.008665 u What mass of deuterium fuel, H,is used up in producing 8.2 × 10¹³ J of energy by this reaction? (1u = 1.6605 × 10^-27 kg = 931.5 MeV/c²)